Any feedback?
Information on EC 2.7.11.13 - protein kinase C and Organism(s) Homo sapiens and UniProt Accession Q16513
for references in articles please use BRENDA:EC2.7.11.13Please wait a moment until all data is loaded. This message will disappear when all data is loaded.
EC Tree
2.7.11.13 protein kinase CIUBMB Comments
A family of serine- and threonine-specific protein kinases that depend on lipids for activity. They can be activated by calcium but have a requirement for the second messenger diacylglycerol. Members of this group of enzymes phosphorylate a wide variety of protein targets and are known to be involved in diverse cell-signalling pathways. Members of the protein kinase C family also serve as major receptors for phorbol esters, a class of tumour promoters.
Specify your search results
Word Map
- 2.7.11.13
-
phorbol
- pma
- agonist
- phospholipase
- 13-acetate
- 12-myristate
- staurosporine
- diacylglycerols
- camp
- inositol
- endothelial
- phosphatidylinositol
- mapks
- forskolin
-
ionophore
- cyclase
- myristate
-
camp-dependent
- 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate
- calmodulin
- angiotensin
-
mitogen
-
desensitization
-
arachidonic
-
contractile
-
depolarization
-
receptor-mediated
- synaptic
-
blocker
- prostaglandin
- myocytes
- pertussis
- 3-kinase
-
signal-regulated
- phosphoinositide
- erk
- thapsigargin
- c-fos
- genistein
- wortmannin
-
1,4,5-trisphosphate
-
muscarinic
- endothelin-1
- ionomycin
-
l-type
- carbachol
- sphingosine
- fmlp
-
metabotropic
-
fura-2
- molecular biology
- medicine
The taxonomic range for the selected organisms is: Homo sapiens
The enzyme appears in selected viruses and cellular organisms
The enzyme appears in selected viruses and cellular organisms
Reaction Schemes
+
a [protein]-(L-serine/L-threonine)
=
+
a [protein]-(L-serine/L-threonine) phosphate
Synonyms
protein kinase c, pkcalpha, pkc-alpha, pkc alpha, pkcepsilon, pkc-delta, pkczeta, pkc-epsilon, pkc delta, pkc-zeta, 
more
topSYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
Calcium-dependent protein kinase C
-
-
-
-
epsilonPKC
-
-
-
-
PKC
PKC-zeta
PKCalpha
PKCbeta1
PKCbetaII
PKCdelta
PKCepsilon
PKCeta
PKCgamma
PKCtheta
PKCzeta
protein kinase C
protein kinase C alpha
protein kinase C delta
protein kinase Calpha
protein kinase-C
-
-
-
-
PKC
-
-
-
-
PKC
-
-
protein kinase C
-
-
-
-
SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
ATP:protein phosphotransferase (diacylglycerol-dependent)
A family of serine- and threonine-specific protein kinases that depend on lipids for activity. They can be activated by calcium but have a requirement for the second messenger diacylglycerol. Members of this group of enzymes phosphorylate a wide variety of protein targets and are known to be involved in diverse cell-signalling pathways. Members of the protein kinase C family also serve as major receptors for phorbol esters, a class of tumour promoters.
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
141436-78-4
calcium-dependent protein kinase C
SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
alphatomega peptide + ATP
ADP + phosphorylated-alphatomega peptide
-
an improved PKCalpha-responsive polyion complex (PIC) to measure PKCalpha activity is reported. The polycation molecule is the poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer modified with both cationic PKCalpha-specific peptide substrates (alphatomega, FKKQGSFAKKK-NH2) and near infrared (NIR) fluorophores (Cy5.5), and the polyanion molecule is the quencher (BHQ-3)-modified chondroitin sulfate
-
-
?
ATP + calcium-independent phospholipase A2
ADP + phosphorylated calcium-independent phospholipase A2
ATP + CTP:phosphoethanolamine cytidylyltransferase
ADP + phosphorylated CTP:phosphoethanolamine cytidylyltransferase
-
phosphorylation at Ser215 and Ser223
-
-
?
ATP + EF factor 1
ADP + phosphorylated EF factor 1
-
i.e. eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1-alpha1, in vitro phosphorylation
-
-
?
ATP + extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2
ADP + phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + extracellular signal-related kinase
ADP + phosphorylated extracellular signal-related kinase
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + FKKQGSFAKKK
ADP + phosphorylated FKKQGSFAKKK
highly specific substrate for isozyme PKCalpha relative to other isozymes, 60% phosphorylation rate with isozyme PKCalpha, less than 20% phosphorylation rate with other PKC isozymes
-
-
?
ATP + Fyn
ADP + phosphorylated Fyn
-
Fyn is a tyrosine protein kinase of the Src family, phosphorylation at a serine residue
-
-
?
ATP + Galpha-interacting, vesicle-associated protein
ADP + phosphorylated-Galpha-interacting, vesicle-associated protein
-
PKCtheta, down-regulates Galpha-interacting, vesicle-associated protein (GIV's) guanine exchange factor, GEF function by phosphorylating Ser-1689 located within GIV's GEF motif. PKCtheta specifically binds and phosphorylates GIV at S1689, and this phosphoevent abolishes GIV's ability to bind and activate trimeric G proteins Galphai
-
-
?
ATP + histone H1
ADP + phosphorylated histone H1
PKD2 activated by phorbol esters efficiently phosphorylate the exogenous substrate histone H1
-
-
?
ATP + histone H2
ADP + phosphorylated histone H2
-
in vitro phosphorylation
-
-
?
ATP + histone H3
ADP + phosphorylated histone H3
-
in vitro phosphorylation
-
-
?
ATP + inhibitory killer cell Ig-like receptor
ADP + phosphorylated inhibitory killer cell Ig-like receptor
ATP + insulin receptor
ADP + phosphorylated insulin receptor
-
isozyme PKCalpha
-
-
?
ATP + insulin receptor substrate-1
ADP + phosphorylated insulin receptor substrate-1
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + IRS
ADP + phosphorylated IRS
-
isozymes PKCalpha and PKCdelta, phosphorylation on Ser307
-
-
?
ATP + lamin A
ADP + phosphorylated lamin A
-
a nuclear membrane protein, isozyme PKCalpha
-
-
?
ATP + lamin C
ADP + phosphorylated lamin C
-
a nuclear membrane protein, isozyme PKCalpha, phosphorylation at Ser572
-
-
?
ATP + metabotropic glutamate receptor 5
ADP + phosphorylated metabotropic glutamate receptor 5
ATP + myelin basic protein
ADP + phosphorylated myelin basic protein
-
-
-
?
ATP + myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate
ADP + phosphorylated myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate
-
a major PKC substrate
-
-
?
ATP + myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase (152-164)
ADP + phosphorylated myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase (152-164)
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + phosphoinositide-dependent kinase
ADP + phosphorylated phosphoinositide-dependent kinase
ATP + phospholipase D1
ADP + phosphorylated phospholipase D1
-
phosphorylation by PKC
-
-
?
ATP + phospholipase D2
ADP + phosphorylated phospholipase D2
-
phosphorylation by PKCalpha
-
-
?
ATP + PKC-alpha-derived peptide
ADP + phosphorylated PKC-alpha-derived peptide
in the presence of the classical PKC activators phosphatidylserine/diacylglycerol, PKC alpha phosphorylates a PKC-alpha pseudosubstrate-derived peptide, an epidermal-growth-factor-receptor-derived peptide, histone III-S and myelin basic protein to an equal extent, whilst PKC zeta phosphorylates only the PKC-alpha-derived peptide
-
-
?
ATP + protein kinase CK2alpha
ADP + phosphorylated protein kinase CK2alpha
-
phosphorylation at serines 194 and 277
-
-
?
ATP + protein kinase CK2beta
ADP + phosphorylated protein kinase CK2beta
-
phosphorylation at serine 148
-
-
?
ATP + RFARKGSLRQKNV
ADP + phoshorylated RFARKGSLRQKNV
-
a commercially available peptide substrate
-
-
?
ATP + RFARKGSLRQKNV
ADP + RFARKGphosphoSLRQKNV
-
synthetic peptide substrate
-
-
?
ATP + transient receptor potential protein V4
ADP + phosphorylated transient receptor potential protein vanilloid 4
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + transient receptor potential protein vanilloid 1
ADP + phosphorylated transient receptor potential protein vanilloid 1
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2
ADP + phosphorylated vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2
-
phosphorylation at Ser1188 and Ser 1191
-
-
?
ATP + [casein kinase 1 delta]
ADP + phosphorylated casein kinase 1 delta
casein kinase 1 delta is modulated by protein kinase C alpha by site-specific phosphorylation within the kinase domain of CK1delta
-
-
?
ATP + [low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein]
ADP + phosphorylated [low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein]
N6-phenyl-ATP + RFARKGSLRQKNV
N6-phenyl-ADP + RFARKGphosphoSLRQKNV
-
synthetic peptide substrate, recombinant isozyme PKCalpha mutant M417A
-
-
?
Rab11 + ATP
ADP + phosphorylated Rab11
-
Rab11 is differentially phosphorylated in vitro by several purified PKC isoenzymes. Ser 177 is identified as the single PKC-phosphorylated residue in Rab11
-
-
?
ATP + Akt
ADP + phosphorylated Akt
-
phosphorylation on Ser473 by isozyme PKCbetaII
-
-
?
ATP + Akt
ADP + phosphorylated Akt
-
PKCalpha inhibits Akt activity that is necessary for proper ubiquitin-specific protease 8 expression
-
-
?
ATP + calcium-independent phospholipase A2
ADP + phosphorylated calcium-independent phospholipase A2
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + calcium-independent phospholipase A2
ADP + phosphorylated calcium-independent phospholipase A2
-
PKC regulates membrane-associated, calcium-independent phospholipase A2 in coronary artery endothelial cells in competition to thrombin, overview
-
-
?
ATP + casein kinase 1delta
ADP + phosphorylated casein kinase 1delta
-
phosphorylation at Ser328, Thr329, and Ser370
-
-
?
ATP + casein kinase 1delta
ADP + phosphorylated casein kinase 1delta
mutations T161A, T174A, and T176A in casein kinase 1delta (CK1delta) all result in reduced phosphorylation by PKCalpha. Most significant effects are visible for GST-CK1delta98-178,T161A and GST-CK1delta98-178,T176A with about 55% and 46% reduction compared to wild type, whereas phosphorylation of GST-CK1delta98-178,T174A is only slightly reduced. Mutation S181A in GST-CK1delta178-227,S181A reduces phosphorylation by PKCalpha by 74%, while for S191A in GST-CK1delta178-227,S191A (FP1552) only a minor reduction can be observed. GST-CK1delta227-304,S298A show no clear reduction of PKCalpha-mediated phosphate incorporation
-
-
?
ATP + casein kinase 1delta
ADP + phosphorylated casein kinase 1delta
the enzyme phosphorylates the kinase domain of casein kinase 1delta at Ser53, Thr176, and Ser181
-
-
?
ATP + diacylglycerol kinase-zeta
ADP + phosphorylated diacylglycerol kinase-zeta
-
the enzyme, especially isozyme PKCalpha, inhibits binding of diacylglycerol kinase-zeta to the retinoblastoma protein
-
-
?
ATP + diacylglycerol kinase-zeta
ADP + phosphorylated diacylglycerol kinase-zeta
-
isozyme PKCalpha
-
-
?
ATP + inhibitory killer cell Ig-like receptor
ADP + phosphorylated inhibitory killer cell Ig-like receptor
-
the enzyme regulates expression and function of inhibitory killer cell Ig-like receptors in NK cells, KIR negatively regulate NK cell cytotoxicity by activating Src homology 2 domain-containing protein tyrsine phospatase 1 and 2, overview
-
-
?
ATP + inhibitory killer cell Ig-like receptor
ADP + phosphorylated inhibitory killer cell Ig-like receptor
-
phosphorylation of the cytoplasmic tail, mutational analysis of kinase phosphorylation sites, e.g. Ser394, activity with substrate mutants, overview
-
-
?
ATP + metabotropic glutamate receptor 5
ADP + phosphorylated metabotropic glutamate receptor 5
-
isozyme-specific phosphorylation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 by PKCdelta blocks Ca2+ oscillation and oscillatory translocation of Ca2+-dependent PKCgamma
-
-
?
ATP + metabotropic glutamate receptor 5
ADP + phosphorylated metabotropic glutamate receptor 5
-
phosphorylation at Thr840, PKCdelta is active with wild-type substrate and mutant T840A, but not with mutant T840D, no phosphorylation by PKCgamma
-
-
?
ATP + phosphoinositide-dependent kinase
ADP + phosphorylated phosphoinositide-dependent kinase
-
phosphoinositide-dependent kinases are conserved substrates of PKC
-
-
?
ATP + phosphoinositide-dependent kinase
ADP + phosphorylated phosphoinositide-dependent kinase
-
i.e. PDK, phosphorylation at Ser744 and Ser748 in the activation loop of the catalytic domain of PKD, reaction is regulated by diacylglycerol
-
-
?
ATP + [low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein]
ADP + phosphorylated [low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein]
-
involved in regulation of endocytosis and association with adaptor molecules, e.g. Shc, Dab1, or CED-6/GULP
-
-
?
ATP + [low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein]
ADP + phosphorylated [low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein]
-
i.e. LPR, phosphorylation of cytoplasmic domain residues T63, T16, S3, S73, S76, and S79
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
in normal rat kidney cells, predominant phosphorylation of a 30000 Da protein at serine residues, constitutive low level expression in normal tissues, elevated expression levels in selected tumor cell lines, a role of PKC mu in signal transduction pathways related to growth control
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
in normal rat kidney cells, predominant phosphorylation of a 30000 Da protein at serine residues, constitutive low level expression in normal tissues, elevated expression levels in selected tumor cell lines, a role of PKC mu in signal transduction pathways related to growth control
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
PKC-delta desensitizes the Pkc1-mediated pathway by regulating an aspect of G protein function
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
PKC-delta desensitizes the Pkc1-mediated pathway by regulating an aspect of G protein function
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
enzyme may play a role in signal transduction and growth regulatory pathways unique to hematopoietic cells
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme may play a role in signal transduction and growth regulatory pathways unique to hematopoietic cells
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
activation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 induces translocation of PKCgamma and PKCdelta to plasma membrane and elicits cyclical translocations of myristoylated alanine-rich PKC substrate from plasma membrane to cytosol
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
Helicobacter pylori activates the enzyme in gastric epithelial cells limiting interleukin-8 production, induced by the pathogen, through suppression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase ERK activation, mechanism overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
identification of isozymes being involved in calcium-independent phospholipase A2 activation in coronary artery endothelial cells,overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
PKCtheta is important in regulation of immune response in T-cells, overview, PKC is involved in NF-kappaB activation pathways in vivo, overview, PKC isozymes are involved in signal transduction, and thereby in cell adhesion and migration, isozyme PKCtheta is recruited to the plasma membrane by a cytoskeleton-dependent mechanism regulating the Rac-1 guanine nucelotide exchange protein Vav-1
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is important in signal transduction from extracellular signals to intracellular responses involving the second messengers Ca2+ and diacylglycerol, processing mechanism and regulation overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
activation of phospholipase D2 by 4beta-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced PKCalpha does not require phosphorylation, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
activity with wild-type and mutant substrate low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
interaction between PKCdelta and Fyn leads to phosphorylation on tyrosine and on serine, respectively, with Fyn kinase being activated by the snake venom alboaggregin-A
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
myristoylated alanine-rich PKC substrate is repetitively phosphorylated by oscillating gammaPKC on the plasma membrane
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
regulatory interactions of isozymes with other kinases, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
activation-induced upregulation of inhibitory killer Ig-like receptors, KIR, is regulated by PKC at the posttranscriptional level via the cytoplasmic tail of KIR by stimulation of the maturation processes in the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi and by promoting the recycling of surface KIR through sorting endosomes, isozyme PKCdelta plays a role in the exocytosis of KIR in secretory lysosomes, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
isozyme PKC-delta inhibits colon cancer cell proliferation by selective changes in cell cycle, arresting cells in the G1 phase, and cell death regulators enhancing apoptosis using two different mechanisms, e.g. by downregulation expression of cyclin E and D1, and Bcl-2, inducing Bax expression, and altering levels of p27Kip1 and p21Waf1, PKC-delta is thus an important tumor suppressor in colonic carcinogenesis, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
regulation of PKC isozyme expression, overview, specific PKC isozymes act as transducers and modulators of insulin signaling, the activation of PKC isozymes by insulin is modified by several effectors, signaling cascade, overview, isozyme PKCalpha might play a role in insulin resistance, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme plays a key role in the mechanism of cerebral ischemic/hypoxic preconditioning, the isozymes are differently involved in neuroprotection, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme plays a role in aldosterone-induced non-genomic inhibition of basolateral potassium IKCa channels in human colonic crypts
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
PKC activation alone can target VEGFR2 for limited proteolysis, while PKC inhibition delays VEGFR2 processing but does not block this step
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
PKCalpha modulates the levels of ubiquitinated epidermal growth factor receptor through Akt and ubiquitin-specific protease 8, PKCalpha is necessary for diacylglycerol kinase delta to modulate ubiquitin-specific protease 8 levels
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
quaporin 1 can be trafficked to and from the plasma membrane in response to altered tonicity in a PKC- and microtubule-dependent manner
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
PKCdelta associates with caspase recruitment domain-containing membrane-associated guanylate kinase 1 (CARMA1)
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
PKCdelta interacts with mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation gene 1 (MALT1) and TRAF6
-
-
?
NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
ATP + calcium-independent phospholipase A2
ADP + phosphorylated calcium-independent phospholipase A2
-
PKC regulates membrane-associated, calcium-independent phospholipase A2 in coronary artery endothelial cells in competition to thrombin, overview
-
-
?
ATP + casein kinase 1delta
ADP + phosphorylated casein kinase 1delta
-
phosphorylation at Ser328, Thr329, and Ser370
-
-
?
ATP + CTP:phosphoethanolamine cytidylyltransferase
ADP + phosphorylated CTP:phosphoethanolamine cytidylyltransferase
-
phosphorylation at Ser215 and Ser223
-
-
?
ATP + diacylglycerol kinase-zeta
ADP + phosphorylated diacylglycerol kinase-zeta
-
the enzyme, especially isozyme PKCalpha, inhibits binding of diacylglycerol kinase-zeta to the retinoblastoma protein
-
-
?
ATP + inhibitory killer cell Ig-like receptor
ADP + phosphorylated inhibitory killer cell Ig-like receptor
-
the enzyme regulates expression and function of inhibitory killer cell Ig-like receptors in NK cells, KIR negatively regulate NK cell cytotoxicity by activating Src homology 2 domain-containing protein tyrsine phospatase 1 and 2, overview
-
-
?
ATP + metabotropic glutamate receptor 5
ADP + phosphorylated metabotropic glutamate receptor 5
-
isozyme-specific phosphorylation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 by PKCdelta blocks Ca2+ oscillation and oscillatory translocation of Ca2+-dependent PKCgamma
-
-
?
ATP + phosphoinositide-dependent kinase
ADP + phosphorylated phosphoinositide-dependent kinase
-
phosphoinositide-dependent kinases are conserved substrates of PKC
-
-
?
ATP + protein kinase CK2alpha
ADP + phosphorylated protein kinase CK2alpha
-
phosphorylation at serines 194 and 277
-
-
?
ATP + protein kinase CK2beta
ADP + phosphorylated protein kinase CK2beta
-
phosphorylation at serine 148
-
-
?
ATP + [casein kinase 1 delta]
ADP + phosphorylated casein kinase 1 delta
casein kinase 1 delta is modulated by protein kinase C alpha by site-specific phosphorylation within the kinase domain of CK1delta
-
-
?
ATP + [low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein]
ADP + phosphorylated [low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein]
-
involved in regulation of endocytosis and association with adaptor molecules, e.g. Shc, Dab1, or CED-6/GULP
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
in normal rat kidney cells, predominant phosphorylation of a 30000 Da protein at serine residues, constitutive low level expression in normal tissues, elevated expression levels in selected tumor cell lines, a role of PKC mu in signal transduction pathways related to growth control
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
in normal rat kidney cells, predominant phosphorylation of a 30000 Da protein at serine residues, constitutive low level expression in normal tissues, elevated expression levels in selected tumor cell lines, a role of PKC mu in signal transduction pathways related to growth control
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
PKC-delta desensitizes the Pkc1-mediated pathway by regulating an aspect of G protein function
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
PKC-delta desensitizes the Pkc1-mediated pathway by regulating an aspect of G protein function
-
-
?
additional information
<