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A-T, mutated homolog
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-
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AMH type II receptor
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-
-
-
Anti-sigma B factor rsbT
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-
-
-
Ataxia telangiectasia mutated
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-
-
-
Ataxia telangiectasia mutated homolog
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-
-
-
ATP-protein transphosphorylase
-
-
-
-
Breast-tumor-amplified kinase
-
-
-
-
calcium-dependent protein kinase
Calcium-dependent protein kinase C
-
-
-
-
calcium-dependent protein kinase, isoform AK1
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Calcium/phospholipid-dependent protein kinase
-
-
-
-
cAMP-dependent protein kinase A
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-
-
-
casein kinase I, delta isoform like
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CDC25 suppressing protein kinase
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-
-
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Cell division cycle 2-like
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-
-
-
CLP-36 interacting kinase
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-
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cyclic monophosphate-dependent protein kinase
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-
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cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinase
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cyclin-dependent kinase
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cytidine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate-responsive protein kinase
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hydroxyalkyl-protein kinase
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Kinase interacting with stathmin
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kinase, casein (phosphorylating)
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kinase, protamine (phosphorylating)
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kinase, protein (phosphorylating)
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kinase, protein, A (phosphorylating)
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kinase, protein, C (phosphorylating)
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Lymphocyte-oriented kinase
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M phase-specific cdc2 kinase
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mitogen-activated S6 kinase
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-
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Myristoylated and palmitoylated serine-threonine kinase
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nonphototropic hypocotyl protein 1
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NY-REN-55 antigen
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-
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phosphorylase b kinase kinase
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Pre-mRNA protein kinase
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protein glutamyl kinase
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protein kinase (phosphorylating)
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Protein kinase B kinase
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protein kinase CK2
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Protein kinase Krct
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Protein kinase MST
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protein kinase p58
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Protein kinase PKL12
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protein phosphokinase
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protein serine kinase
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protein serine-threonine kinase
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protein-aspartyl kinase
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protein-cysteine kinase
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protein-serine kinase
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protein-serine/threonine kinase
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PRP4 pre-mRNA processing factor 4 homolog
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ribosomal protein S6 kinase II
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ribosomal S6 protein kinase
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S-receptor kinase
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Ser/Thr protein kinase
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serine protein kinase
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serine(threonine) protein kinase
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serine-specific protein kinase
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serine/threonine kinase
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Serine/threonine kinase 15
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Serine/threonine kinase Ayk1
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serine/threonine protein kinase
serine/threonine-protein kinase ASK1
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serine/threonine-protein kinase ASK2
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serine/threonine-protein kinase AtPK1/AtPK6
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serine/threonine-protein kinase AtPK19
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serine/threonine-protein kinase CTR1
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Serine/threonine-protein kinase NRK2
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-
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Serine/threonine-protein kinase NYD-SPK
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serine/threonine-protein kinase7
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SNF1-related protein kinase KIN10
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Ste20-like kinase
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-
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STE20-like kinase MST1
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-
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STE20-like kinase MST2
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-
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STE20-like kinase MST3
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sucrose nonfermenting 1-related protein kinase 1
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Switch protein/serine kinase
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threonine-specific protein kinase
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type-2 casein kinase
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calcium-dependent protein kinase
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calcium-dependent protein kinase
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calcium-dependent protein kinase
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casein kinase 2
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casein kinase II
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CDPK
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CK2
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Phototropin
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Ser/Thr kinase
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serine/threonine protein kinase
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-
-
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serine/threonine protein kinase
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serine/threonine protein kinase
-
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casein + ATP
phosphorylated casein + ADP
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-
-
?
ATP + a protein
ADP + a phosphoprotein
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-
-
-
?
ATP + casein
ADP + phosphorylated casein
-
the chromophoric domain light-oxygen-voltage-sensing 2 LOV2 of phototropin acts as a blue light-regulated molecular switch
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-
?
ATP + CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED1
ADP + phosphorylated CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED1
ATP + CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase
diphosphate + phosphorylated CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase
the enzyme mediates the phosphorylation and concomitant inhibition of CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase 1 (AtCCT1)
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-
?
ATP + histone
ADP + phosphorylated histone
ATP + histone 3
ADP + phosphorylated histone 3
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histone 3 is phosphorylated at threonine 3
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-
?
ATP + histone III
ADP + phosphorylated histone III
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-
?
ATP + light-harvesting complex II
ADP + phospho-light-harvesting complex II
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-
-
-
?
ATP + plant ribosomal proteins
ADP + phosphorylated plant ribosomal proteins
two plant ribosomal proteins of 14000 Da and 16000 Da can be phosphorylated by the Atpk1 protein kinase
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-
?
ATP + protein
ADP + phosphoprotein
ATP + syntide-2
ADP + phosphorylated syntide-2
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very low activity with iozyme CPK13, higher activity with isozyme CPK19, isozyme specific activities, overview
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-
?
ATP + syntide2
ADP + phosphorylated syntide2
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?
ATP + WheIF4B protein
ADP + phospho-WheIF4B protein
recombinant artificial substrate
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-
?
casein + ATP
phosphorylated casein + ADP
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-
?
casein + GTP
phosphorylated casein + GDP
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-
?
additional information
?
-
ATP + CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED1
ADP + phosphorylated CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED1
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-
?
ATP + CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED1
ADP + phosphorylated CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED1
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transcription factor CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED1, i.e. CCA1
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-
?
ATP + histone
ADP + phosphorylated histone
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?
ATP + histone
ADP + phosphorylated histone
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-
?
ATP + protein
ADP + phosphoprotein
autophosphorylation
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?
ATP + protein
ADP + phosphoprotein
blue light-dependent autophosphorylating
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?
additional information
?
-
NPH1 is an autophosphorylating flavoprotein photoreceptor mediating phototropic responses in higher plants
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?
additional information
?
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NPH1 is an autophosphorylating flavoprotein photoreceptor mediating phototropic responses in higher plants
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?
additional information
?
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enzyme may function in the adaptation of plant cells to cold or high-salt conditions
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-
?
additional information
?
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atpk1 is involved in the control of plant growth and development
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?
additional information
?
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atpk1 is involved in the control of plant growth and development
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?
additional information
?
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may function in the adaptation of plant cells to cold or high-salt conditions
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?
additional information
?
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may play an important role in a signal transduction cascade regulating gene expression and carbohydrate metabolism
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?
additional information
?
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may play an important role in a signal transduction cascade regulating gene expression and carbohydrate metabolism
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?
additional information
?
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photoregulation of phototropin, overview
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-
?
additional information
?
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enzyme assay under dim red light conditions, phototropin performs autophosphorylation
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-
?
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metabolism
role of CPK21 within a calcium-regulated protein kinase network consisting of mutual interfering signaling components
additional information
-
calcium binding differentially affects CDPK isoforms that may be activated by distinct molecular mechanisms
evolution
-
calcium-dependent protein kinases, which contain both calmodulin-like calcium binding and serine/threonine protein kinase domains, are only present in plants and some protozoans
evolution
-
casein kinase2 is an evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine protein kinase composed of two catalytic alpha-subunits and two regulatory beta-subunits. Although most of the molecular components responsible for circadian function are not conserved between kingdoms, CK2 is a well-conserved clock component modulating the stability and subcellular localization of essential clock proteins
evolution
the enzyme belongs to the calcium-dependent protein kinases, that comprise a family of plant serine/threonine protein kinases in which the calcium sensing domain and the kinase effector domain are combined within one molecule
malfunction
loss-of-function seedlings of cpk21 are more tolerant to hyperosmotic stress and mutant plants show increased stress responses with respect to marker gene expression and metabolite accumulation, phenotypes, overview
malfunction
-
the overall activity of the CK2 holoenzyme is affected by the cka1a2a3 triple mutations, and phosphorylation of CCA1 is reduced in the triple mutant. The photoperiodic flowering response, which is regulated by circadian rhythms, is reduced in the cka1a2a3 triple mutant and the plants flower later under long-day conditions
malfunction
both CK2 alpha4 single knockout and CK2 alpha3alpha4 double knockout mutants are hyposensitive to abscisic acid induced block of seed germination
physiological function
calcium-dependent protein kinases and CBL/CBL interacting protein kinase pairs are able to translate the transient change in the cytosolic free calcium concentration into a phosphorylation signal, CDPKs function in calcium-mediated abiotic stress signaling. CDPKs participate at multiple steps in abscisic acid-dependent and -independent abiotic stress signaling
physiological function
-
phosphorylation of clock proteins by the enzyme plays a critical role in generating proper circadian rhythms. CK2alpha subunits are important components of the Arabidopsis circadian system and their effects on rhythms are in part due to their phosphorylation of CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED1
physiological function
-
upon activation by a stimulus, calcium-dependent protein kinases transduce the signal through phosphorylation cascades to induce downstream responses, including transcriptional regulation
physiological function
-
the fourth alpha subunit of the enzyme functions redundantly in regulating abscisic acid response, lateral root formation and flowering time
physiological function
-
STN7 kinase catalyzes the phosphorylation of the globally most common membrane proteins, the light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) in plant chloroplasts. Phosphorylation of the enzyme's Thr residues protects STN7 against degradation in darkness, low light and red light, whereas increasing light intensity and far red illumination decrease phosphorylation and induce STN7 degradation. Ser phosphorylation, in turn, occurs under red and low intensity white light, coinciding with the client protein (LHCII) phosphorylation. Ser phosphorylation and activation of the STN7 kinase for subsequent LHCII phosphorylation are heavily affected by pre-illumination conditions. Transitions between the three activity states of the STN7 kinase (deactivated in darkness and far red light, activated in low and red light, inhibited in high light) are shown to modulate the phosphorylation of the STN7 Ser and Thr residues independently of each other. Such dynamic regulation of STN7 kinase phosphorylation is crucial for plant growth and environmental acclimation. Exposure of plants to high light (HL) intensities leads to LHCII dephosphorylation by phosphatase TAP38/PPH1. Detailed of phosphorylation regulation and metabolism, overview
physiological function
three of the four CK2 alpha subunit types existing in Arabidopsis act in a functionally redundant manner to regulate various developmental pathways. The fourth alpha subunit in Arabidopsis thaliana, CK2 alpha4, also functions redundantly in regulating abscisic acid response, lateral root formation and flowering time, functionally overlapping role for the CK2 alpha4 subunit in regulating various developmental processes in plants. CK2 alpha4 positively regulates the block of seed germination inpresence of abscisic acid. Arabidopsis, the nuclear CK2 alpha subunits contribute synergistically to the block of seedgermination in response to hormone abscisic acid and salt in aconcentration dependent manner
physiological function
-
disruption of MLK3 transcript in mlk3 caused early flowering with retarded leaf growth under long-day conditions. MLK3 plays a role in repressing the transition from vegetative to reproductive phase in Arabidopsis thaliana
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Theologis, A.; Ecker, J.R.; Palm, C.J.; et al.
Sequence and analysis of chromosome 1 of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana
Nature
408
816-820
2000
Arabidopsis thaliana (P43291)
brenda
Kieber, J.J.; Rothenberg, M.; Roman, G.; Feldmann, K.A.; Ecker, J.R.
CTR1, a negative regulator of the ethylene response pathway in Arabidopsis, encodes a member of the raf family of protein kinases
Cell
72
427-441
1993
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q05609)
brenda
Tabata, S.; Kaneko, T.; Nakamura, Y.; Kotani, H.; Kato, T.; et al.
Sequence and analysis of chromosome 5 of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana
Nature
408
823-826
2000
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q05609)
brenda
Christie, J.M.; Salomon, M.; Nozue, K.; Wada, M.; Briggs, W.R.
LOV (light, oxygen, or voltage) domains of the blue-light photoreceptor phototropin (nph1): binding sites for the chromophore flavin mononucleotide
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
96
8779-8783
1999
Arabidopsis thaliana (O48963), Arabidopsis thaliana
brenda
Christie, J.M.; Reymond, P.; Powell, G.K.; Bernasconi, P.; Raibekas, A.A.; Liscum, E.; Briggs, W.R.
Arabidopsis NPH1: a flavoprotein with the properties of a photoreceptor for phototropism
Science
282
1698-1701
1998
Arabidopsis thaliana (O48963), Arabidopsis thaliana
brenda
Huala, E.; Oeller, P.W.; Liscum, E.; Han, I.S.; Larsen, E.; Briggs, W.R.
Arabidopsis NPH1: a protein kinase with a putative redox-sensing domain
Science
278
2120-2123
1997
Arabidopsis thaliana (O48963)
brenda
Mizoguchi, T.; Hayashida, N.; Yamaguchi-Shinozaki, K.; Kamada, H.; Shinozaki, K.
Two genes that encode ribosomal-protein S6 kinase homologs are induced by cold or salinity stress in Arabidopsis thaliana
FEBS Lett.
358
199-204
1995
Arabidopsis thaliana (P42818)
brenda
Zhang, S.H.; Broome, M.A.; Lawton, M.A.; Hunter, T.; Lamb, C.J.
Atpk1, a novel ribosomal protein kinase gene from Arabidopsis. II. Functional and biochemical analysis of the encoded protein
J. Biol. Chem.
269
17593-17599
1994
Arabidopsis thaliana (P42818)
brenda
Zhang, S.H.; Lawton, M.A.; Hunter, T.; Lamb, C.J.
Atpk1, a novel ribosomal protein kinase gene from Arabidopsis. I. Isolation, characterization, and expression
J. Biol. Chem.
269
17586-17592
1994
Arabidopsis thaliana (P42818), Arabidopsis thaliana
brenda
Park, Y.S.; Hong, S.W.; Oh, S.A.; Kwak, J.M.; Lee, H.H.; Nam, H.G.
Two putative protein kinases from Arabidopsis thaliana contain highly acidic domains
Plant Mol. Biol.
22
615-624
1993
Arabidopsis thaliana (P43291), Arabidopsis thaliana (P43292)
brenda
Kotani, H.; Nakamura, Y.; Sato, S.; Kaneko, T.; Asamizu, E.; Miyajima, N.; Tabata, S.
Structural analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana chromosome 5. II. Sequence features of the regions of 1,044,062 bp covered by thirteen physically assigned P1 clones
DNA Res.
4
291-300
1997
Arabidopsis thaliana (P43292)
brenda
Nakamura, Y.; Sato, S.; Kaneko, T.; Kotani, H.; Asamizu, E.; Miyajima, N.; Tabata, S.
Structural analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana chromosome 5. III. Sequence features of the regions of 1,191,918 bp covered by seventeen physically assigned P1 clones
DNA Res.
4
401-414
1997
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q06850), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q08467)
brenda
Harper, J.F.; Binder, B.M.; Sussman, M.R.
Calcium and lipid regulation of an Arabidopsis protein kinase expressed in Escherichia coli
Biochemistry
32
3282-3290
1993
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q06850)
brenda
Le Guen, L.; Thomas, M.; Kreis, M.
Gene density and organization in a small region of the Arabidopsis thaliana genome
Mol. Gen. Genet.
245
390-396
1994
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q38997), Arabidopsis thaliana
brenda
Le Guen, L.; Thomas, M.; Bianchi, M.; Halford, N.G.; Kreis, M.
Structure and expression of a gene from Arabidopsis thaliana encoding a protein related to SNF1 protein kinase
Gene
120
249-254
1992
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q38997), Arabidopsis thaliana
brenda
Mayer, K.; Schuller, C.; Wambutt, R.; Murphy, G.; et al.
Sequence and analysis of chromosome 4 of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana
Nature
402
769-777
1999
Arabidopsis thaliana (P42158)
brenda
Mindrinos, M.; Katagiri, F.; Yu, G.L.; Ausubel, F.M.
The A. thaliana disease resistance gene RPS2 encodes a protein containing a nucleotide-binding site and leucine-rich repeats
Cell
78
1089-1099
1994
Arabidopsis thaliana (P42158)
brenda
Mizoguchi, T.; Yamaguchi-Shinozaki, K.; Hayashida, N.; Kamada, H.; Shinozaki, K.
Cloning and characterization of two cDNAs encoding casein kinase II catalytic subunits in Arabidopsis thaliana
Plant Mol. Biol.
21
279-289
1993
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q08466), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q08467), Arabidopsis thaliana
brenda
Salanoubat, M.; Lemcke, K.; Rieger, M.; Ansorge, W.; Unseld, M.; et al.
Sequence and analysis of chromosome 3 of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana
Nature
408
820-822
2000
Arabidopsis thaliana (O48963), Arabidopsis thaliana (P42818), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q08466), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q39030)
brenda
Asamizu, E.; Sato, S.; Kaneko, T.; Nakamura, Y.; Kotani, H.; Miyajima, N.; Tabata, S.
Structural analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana chromosome 5. VIII. Sequence features of the regions of 1,081,958 bp covered by seventeen physically assigned P1 and TAC clones
DNA Res.
5
379-391
1998
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q39183)
brenda
Hayashida, N.; Mizoguchi, T.; Shinozaki, K.
Cloning and characterization of a plant gene encoding a protein kinase
Gene
124
251-255
1993
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q39183)
brenda
Matsuoka, D.; Tokutomi, S.
Blue light-regulated molecular switch of Ser/Thr kinase in phototropin
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
102
13337-13342
2005
Arabidopsis thaliana
brenda
handran, V.; Stollar, E.J.; Lindorff-Larsen, K.; Harper, J.F.; Chazin, W.J.; Dobson, C.M.; Luisi, B.F.; Christodoulou, J.
Structure of the regulatory apparatus of a calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK): a novel mode of calmodulin-target recognition
J. Mol. Biol.
357
400-410
2006
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q06850), Arabidopsis thaliana
brenda
Boudsocq, M.; Droillard, M.; Regad, L.; Lauriere, C.
Characterization of Arabidopsis calcium-dependent protein kinases: activated or not by calcium?
Biochem. J.
447
291-299
2012
Arabidopsis thaliana, Arabidopsis thaliana Col0
brenda
Franz, S.; Ehlert, B.; Liese, A.; Kurth, J.; Cazale, A.; Romeis, T.
Calcium-dependent protein kinase CPK21 functions in abiotic stress response in Arabidopsis thaliana
Mol. Plant
4
83-96
2011
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9ZSA2), Arabidopsis thaliana, Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 (Q9ZSA2)
brenda
Lu, S.; Liu, H.; Knowles, S.; Li, J.; Ma, L.; Tobin, E.; Lin, C.
A role for protein kinase casein kinase2 alpha-subunits in the Arabidopsis circadian clock
Plant Physiol.
157
1537-1545
2011
Arabidopsis thaliana, Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0
brenda
Mulekar, J.; Huq, E.
Arabidopsis casein kinase 2 alpha4 subunit regulates various developmental pathways in a functionally overlapping manner
Plant Sci.
236
295-303
2015
Arabidopsis thaliana
brenda
Trotta, A.; Suorsa, M.; Rantala, M.; Lundin, B.; Aro, E.
Serine and threonine residues of plant STN7 kinase are differentially phosphorylated upon changing light conditions and specifically influence the activity and stability of the kinase
Plant J.
87
484-494
2016
Arabidopsis thaliana
brenda
Mulekar, J.; Huq, E.
Arabidopsis casein kinase 2 alpha4 subunit regulates various developmental pathways in a functionally overlapping manner
Plant Sci.
236
295-303
2015
Arabidopsis thaliana (O64816), Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 (O64816)
-
brenda
Kang, J.; Cui, H.; Jia, S.; Liu, W.; Yu, R.; Wu, Z.; Wang, Z.
Arabidopsis thaliana MLK3, a plant-specific casein kinase 1, negatively regulates flowering and phosphorylates histone H3 in vitro
Genes (Basel)
11
345
2020
Arabidopsis thaliana
brenda
Caldo, K.M.P.; Xu, Y.; Falarz, L.; Jayawardhane, K.; Acedo, J.Z.; Chen, G.
Arabidopsis CTP phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase 1 is phosphorylated and inhibited by sucrose nonfermenting 1-related protein kinase 1 (SnRK1)
J. Biol. Chem.
294
15862-15874
2019
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q38997)
brenda