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EC Tree
The enzyme appears in viruses and cellular organisms
Synonyms
inosine kinase, inosine-guanosine kinase, guanosine-inosine kinase,
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inosine-guanosine kinase
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kinase, inosine (phosphorylating)
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guanosine-inosine kinase
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guanosine-inosine kinase
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guanosine-inosine kinase
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ATP + inosine = ADP + IMP
ATP + inosine = ADP + IMP
ordered bi bi mechanism in which guanosine is the first substrate to bind and GMP is the last product to be released
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ATP + inosine = ADP + IMP
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phospho group transfer
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ATP:inosine 5'-phosphotransferase
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ATP + deoxyguanosine
ADP + dGMP
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ATP + guanosine
ADP + GMP
ATP + inosine
ADP + 5'-IMP
ATP + xanthosine
ADP + XMP
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CTP + inosine
CDP + IMP
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dATP + guanosine
dADP + GMP
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dATP + inosine
dADP + IMP
UTP + guanosine
UDP + GMP
UTP shows 20% of the activity with ATP
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ATP + guanosine
ADP + GMP
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ATP + guanosine
ADP + GMP
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ATP + guanosine
ADP + GMP
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ATP + guanosine
ADP + GMP
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ATP + guanosine
ADP + GMP
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ATP + guanosine
ADP + GMP
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ATP + inosine
ADP + 5'-IMP
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ATP + inosine
ADP + 5'-IMP
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ATP + inosine
ADP + 5'-IMP
about 60% of the activity with guanosine
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ATP + inosine
ADP + 5'-IMP
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ATP + inosine
ADP + 5'-IMP
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ATP + inosine
ADP + IMP
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ATP + inosine
ADP + IMP
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ATP + inosine
ADP + IMP
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ATP + inosine
ADP + IMP
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ATP + inosine
ADP + IMP
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dATP + inosine
dADP + IMP
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dATP + inosine
dADP + IMP
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UTP + inosine
UDP + IMP
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UTP + inosine
UDP + IMP
UTP shows 20% of the activity with ATP
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ATP + guanosine
ADP + GMP
ATP + guanosine
ADP + GMP
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ATP + guanosine
ADP + GMP
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ATP + inosine
ADP + IMP
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ATP + inosine
ADP + IMP
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ATP
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Mg2+
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required
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guanosine
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inhibits phosphorylation of inosine
Inosine
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inhibits phosphorylation of guanosine
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Mn2+
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can partially replace Mg2+ in activation
K+
the enzyme requires both Mg2+ and K+
K+
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increases activity, optimum concentration: 40 mM
Mg2+
enzyme requires both Mg2+ and K+
Mg2+
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reaction is dependent on presence of divalent cation
Mg2+
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required, optimal concentration: 5 mM
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0.51
ATP
pH 7.2, 30°C, guanosine kinase reaction
0.71
ATP
pH 7.2, 30°C, inosine kinase reaction
1.45
ATP
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ATP in form of MgATP2-
0.66
dATP
pH 7.2, 30°C, inosine kinase reaction
2.4
dATP
pH 7.2, 30°C, guanosine kinase reaction
0.0061
guanosine
pH 7.2, 30°C
0.07
Inosine
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50
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substrate inosine, crude cell extract, pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication
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substrate guanosine, crude cell extract, pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication
120
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substrate guanosine, crude cell extract, pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication
120
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substrate inosine, crude cell extract, pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication
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6 - 10.5
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pH 6.0: about 40% of maximal activity, pH 10.5: about 85% of maximal activity
6.5 - 8.2
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pH 6.5: about 60% of maximal activity, pH 8.2: about 70% of maximal activity, Tris-maleate buffer
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UniProt
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ATCC 10798, gene gsk
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ATCC 953
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gene gsk
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intermembrane space
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metabolism
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in the salvage pathway, guanosine and inosine are directly phosphorylated to GMP and IMP, respectively, by guanosine-inosine kinase, or guanosine is indirectly converted to GMP through serial phosphorolysis and phosphorylation catalyzed by purine nucleoside phosphorylase and guanine phosphoribosyltransferase, respectively, pathway, overview
metabolism
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comparison of growth characteristics including intracellular protein levels, RNA content, and nucleotide pool sizes between the extreme halophile Halobacterium halobium and the moderate halophile Haloferax volcanii. The differences in the metabolism of purine bases and nucleosides and the sensitivity to purine analogs between the two halobacteria are reflected in differences in purine enzyme levels
metabolism
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comparison of growth characteristics including intracellular protein levels, RNA content, and nucleotide pool sizes between the extreme halophile Halobacterium halobium and the moderate halophile Haloferax volcanii. The differences in the metabolism of purine bases and nucleosides and the sensitivity to purine analogs between the two halobacteria are reflected in differences in purine enzyme levels
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48400
x * 48400, calculation from nucleotide sequence
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x * 48400, calculation from nucleotide sequence
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additional information
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overexpression of Gsk in the fed-batch fermentation in recombinant Escherichia coli strain BL21star(DE3) with glucose as the sole carbon source, leads to a significant improvement of GDP-L-fucose production, profiles of cell growth and GDP-L-fucose production, overview
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rapid loss of activity
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gene gsk, recombinant expression in Corynebacterium ammoniagenes ATP-regenerating strain ATCC 21477, the Escherichia coli trp promoter proves to be most efficient with regard to inducing the expression of gsk, as compared to tac promoter
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gene gsk, several metabolic enzymes such as GMP synthetase and IMP dehydrogenase, GMP reductase, and guanosine-inosine kinase, all involved in the biosynthesis of GMP, are co-overexpressed in recombinant Escherichia coli TOP10 and BL21star(DE3) cells becoming able to produce GDP-L-fucose, pH-stat fed-batch fermentations quantification and optimization, overview
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nutrition
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practical possibility of producing 5'-GMP by phosphorylation of guanosine using a guanosine-inosine kinase coupled with ATP regeneration
synthesis
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the recombinant strain, which expresses gene gsk and has both inosine kinase activity and ATP-regenerating activity, is used to induce the phosphorylation of inosine to produce inosine 5'-monophosphate, which is widely used as a flavor enhancer
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Pierre, K.J.; LePage, G.A.
Formation of inosine-5-monophosphate by a kinase in cell-free extracts of Ehrlich ascites cells in vitro
Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med.
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432-440
1968
Mus musculus
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Combes, A.; Lefleuriel, J.; Le Floc'h, F.
the inosine-guanosine kinase activity of mitochondria in tubers of Jerusalem artichoke
Plant Physiol. Biochem.
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729-736
1989
Helianthus tuberosus
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Ipata, P.L.; Gualerzi, C.; Scolozzi, C.; Tozzi, M.G.; Trinei, M.; Barsacchi, D.
Occurrence of inosine kinase as a distinct enzyme in Spirulina platensis
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.
209
547-553
1995
Arthrospira platensis
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Mori, H.; Iida, A.; Teshiba, S.; Fujio, T.
Cloning of a guanosine-inosine kinase gene of Escherichia coli and characterization of the purified gene product
J. Bacteriol.
177
4921-4926
1995
Escherichia coli (P0AEW6), Escherichia coli
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Kawasaki, H.; Usuda, Y.; Shimaoka, M.; Utagawa, T.
Development of an improved assay for purine nucleoside kinase activity in cell extracts and detection of inosine kinase activity in Brevibacterium acetylicum ATCC 953, related species, and Corynebacterium flaccumfaciens ATCC 6887
Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem.
64
761-766
2000
Exiguobacterium acetylicum, Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens
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Kawasaki, H.; Usuda, Y.; Shimaoka, M.; Utagawa, T.
Phosphorylation of guanosine using guanosine-inosine kinase from Exiguobacterium acetylicum coupled with ATP regeneration
Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem.
64
2259-2261
2000
Exiguobacterium acetylicum
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Kawasaki, H.; Shimaoka, M.; Usuda, Y.; Utagawa, T.
End-product regulation and kinetic mechanism of guanosine-inosine kinase from Escherichia coli
Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem.
64
972-979
2000
Escherichia coli
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Lee, W.H.; Shin, S.Y.; Kim, M.D.; Han, N.S.; Seo, J.H.
Modulation of guanosine nucleotides biosynthetic pathways enhanced GDP-L-fucose production in recombinant Escherichia coli
Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol.
93
2327-2334
2012
Escherichia coli
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Usuda, Y.; Shimaoka, M.; Kawasaki, H.; Utagawa, T.
Expression of the guanosine-inosine kinase gene from Exiguobacterium acetylicum in Corynebacterium ammoniagenes and phosphorylation of inosine to produce inosine 5'-monophosphate
World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol.
27
709-712
2011
Exiguobacterium acetylicum
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Stuer-Lauridsen, B.; Nygaard, P.
Purine salvage in two halophilic archaea: characterization of salvage pathways and isolation of mutants resistant to purine analogs
J. Bacteriol.
180
457-463
1998
Halobacterium salinarum, Haloferax volcanii
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