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ATP + acetol
ADP + acetol phosphate
-
i.e. 1-hydroxy-2-propanone
-
?
ATP + dihydroxyacetone
ADP + dihydroxyacetone phosphate
ATP + DL-glyceraldehyde
ADP + DL-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
-
D,L-glyceraldehyde binds strongly to the enzyme, slow product release
-
-
?
ATP + DL-glyceraldehyde
ADP + glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
ATP + glycerone
ADP + glycerone phosphate
CTP + dihydroxyacetone
CDP + dihydroxyacetone phosphate
dihydroxyacetone + ATP
dihydroxyacetone phosphate + ADP
GTP + dihydroxyacetone
GDP + dihydroxyacetone phosphate
ITP + dihydroxyacetone
IDP + dihydroxyacetone phosphate
phospho-DhaM + 3,4-dihydroxy-2-butanone
dephospho-DhaM + 3-hydroxy-2-butanone-4-phosphate
-
-
?
phospho-DhaM + erythrose
dephospho-DhaM + erythrose 4-phosphate
-
-
?
phospho-DhaM + glyceraldehyde
dephospho-DhaM + glyceraldehyde 2-phosphate
-
-
?
phosphoenolpyruvate + DL-glyceraldehyde
pyruvate + DL-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
phosphoenolpyruvate + glycerone
pyruvate + glycerone phosphate
phosphorylated DhaM domain of dihydroxyacetone kinase + dihydroxyacetone
dephospho-DhaM + dihydroxyacetone phosphate
enzyme complex uses the PEP:sugar phosphotransferase protein DhaM instead of ATP as phosphoryl donor
-
?
UTP + dihydroxyacetone
UDP + dihydroxyacetone phosphate
additional information
?
-
ATP + dihydroxyacetone

ADP + dihydroxyacetone phosphate
-
-
-
ir
ATP + dihydroxyacetone
ADP + dihydroxyacetone phosphate
-
second step in assimilation of formaldehyde via the xylulose monophosphate, i.e. dihydroxyacetone cycle during growth of yeast on methanol
-
?
ATP + dihydroxyacetone
ADP + dihydroxyacetone phosphate
-
-
-
ir
ATP + dihydroxyacetone
ADP + dihydroxyacetone phosphate
-
second step in assimilation of formaldehyde via the xylulose monophosphate, i.e. dihydroxyacetone cycle during growth of yeast on methanol
-
?
ATP + dihydroxyacetone
ADP + dihydroxyacetone phosphate
-
-
-
?
ATP + dihydroxyacetone
ADP + dihydroxyacetone phosphate
-
second step in assimilation of formaldehyde via the xylulose monophosphate, i.e. dihydroxyacetone cycle during growth of yeast on methanol
-
?
ATP + dihydroxyacetone
ADP + dihydroxyacetone phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + dihydroxyacetone
ADP + dihydroxyacetone phosphate
-
-
-
?
ATP + dihydroxyacetone
ADP + dihydroxyacetone phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + dihydroxyacetone
ADP + dihydroxyacetone phosphate
-
-
-
?
ATP + dihydroxyacetone
ADP + dihydroxyacetone phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + dihydroxyacetone
ADP + dihydroxyacetone phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + dihydroxyacetone
ADP + dihydroxyacetone phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + dihydroxyacetone
ADP + dihydroxyacetone phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + dihydroxyacetone
ADP + dihydroxyacetone phosphate
-
-
?
ATP + dihydroxyacetone
ADP + dihydroxyacetone phosphate
essential for methanol assimilation
-
?
ATP + dihydroxyacetone
ADP + dihydroxyacetone phosphate
-
-
-
?
ATP + dihydroxyacetone
ADP + dihydroxyacetone phosphate
-
-
-
?
ATP + dihydroxyacetone
ADP + dihydroxyacetone phosphate
Pelargonium sp.
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + dihydroxyacetone
ADP + dihydroxyacetone phosphate
-
-
?
ATP + dihydroxyacetone
ADP + dihydroxyacetone phosphate
involved in detoxification of dihydroxyacetone
-
?
ATP + dihydroxyacetone
ADP + dihydroxyacetone phosphate
-
-
?
ATP + DL-glyceraldehyde

ADP + glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
-
25% of the activity with dihydroxyacetone
-
?
ATP + DL-glyceraldehyde
ADP + glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
-
25% of the activity with dihydroxyacetone
-
?
ATP + glycerone

ADP + glycerone phosphate
-
-
i.e. dihydroxyacetone phosphate
-
?
ATP + glycerone
ADP + glycerone phosphate
-
-
-
-
ir
ATP + glycerone
ADP + glycerone phosphate
-
-
-
-
ir
ATP + glycerone
ADP + glycerone phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + glycerone
ADP + glycerone phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + glycerone
ADP + glycerone phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + glycerone
ADP + glycerone phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + glycerone
ADP + glycerone phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
CTP + dihydroxyacetone

CDP + dihydroxyacetone phosphate
-
25% of activity with ATP
-
?
CTP + dihydroxyacetone
CDP + dihydroxyacetone phosphate
-
25% of activity with ATP
-
?
CTP + dihydroxyacetone
CDP + dihydroxyacetone phosphate
-
lower than 1% of the activity with ATP
-
?
dihydroxyacetone + ATP

dihydroxyacetone phosphate + ADP
-
-
-
?
dihydroxyacetone + ATP
dihydroxyacetone phosphate + ADP
-
-
-
-
?
GTP + dihydroxyacetone

GDP + dihydroxyacetone phosphate
-
25% of activity with ATP
-
?
GTP + dihydroxyacetone
GDP + dihydroxyacetone phosphate
-
25% of activity with ATP
-
?
GTP + dihydroxyacetone
GDP + dihydroxyacetone phosphate
-
lower than 1% of the activity with ATP
-
?
ITP + dihydroxyacetone

IDP + dihydroxyacetone phosphate
-
25% of activity with ATP
-
?
ITP + dihydroxyacetone
IDP + dihydroxyacetone phosphate
-
25% of activity with ATP
-
?
ITP + dihydroxyacetone
IDP + dihydroxyacetone phosphate
-
11.2% of activity with ATP
-
?
phosphoenolpyruvate + glycerone

pyruvate + glycerone phosphate
-
-
i.e. dihydroxyacetone phosphate
-
?
phosphoenolpyruvate + glycerone
pyruvate + glycerone phosphate
-
i.e. dihydroxyacetone phosphate
-
?
phosphoenolpyruvate + glycerone
pyruvate + glycerone phosphate
regulation involving de-/phosphorylation, and the 3 subunits with ADP and transcription factor DhaR, overview
-
-
?
UTP + dihydroxyacetone

UDP + dihydroxyacetone phosphate
-
25% of activity with ATP
-
?
UTP + dihydroxyacetone
UDP + dihydroxyacetone phosphate
-
3.1% of the activity with ATP
-
?
additional information

?
-
-
no activity with glycerol, hydroxyacetone, hydroxypyruvic acid, chloro-3-hydroxyacetone, and methylglyoxal
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
the enzyme does not show activity with GTP, CTP, TTP and UTP, inorganic triphosphate, and polyphosphate
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
the enzyme does not show activity with GTP, CTP, TTP and UTP, inorganic triphosphate, and polyphosphate
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is involved in the pathway for glycerol oxidation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is involved in the pathway for glycerol oxidation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
no activity with glycerol, hydroxyacetone, hydroxypuruvic acid, chloro-3-hydroxyacetone, and methylglyoxal
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is part of a multicomponent enyzme system, the phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system PTS
-
-
-
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ATP + dihydroxyacetone
ADP + dihydroxyacetone phosphate
ATP + glycerone
ADP + glycerone phosphate
phosphoenolpyruvate + glycerone
pyruvate + glycerone phosphate
additional information
?
-
ATP + dihydroxyacetone

ADP + dihydroxyacetone phosphate
-
second step in assimilation of formaldehyde via the xylulose monophosphate, i.e. dihydroxyacetone cycle during growth of yeast on methanol
-
?
ATP + dihydroxyacetone
ADP + dihydroxyacetone phosphate
-
second step in assimilation of formaldehyde via the xylulose monophosphate, i.e. dihydroxyacetone cycle during growth of yeast on methanol
-
?
ATP + dihydroxyacetone
ADP + dihydroxyacetone phosphate
-
second step in assimilation of formaldehyde via the xylulose monophosphate, i.e. dihydroxyacetone cycle during growth of yeast on methanol
-
?
ATP + dihydroxyacetone
ADP + dihydroxyacetone phosphate
Q1KLC3
-
-
-
?
ATP + dihydroxyacetone
ADP + dihydroxyacetone phosphate
Q1KLC3
-
-
-
?
ATP + dihydroxyacetone
ADP + dihydroxyacetone phosphate
O74192
essential for methanol assimilation
-
?
ATP + dihydroxyacetone
ADP + dihydroxyacetone phosphate
Pelargonium sp.
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + dihydroxyacetone
ADP + dihydroxyacetone phosphate
P43550, P54838
involved in detoxification of dihydroxyacetone
-
?
ATP + glycerone

ADP + glycerone phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + glycerone
ADP + glycerone phosphate
-
-
i.e. dihydroxyacetone phosphate
-
?
phosphoenolpyruvate + glycerone

pyruvate + glycerone phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
phosphoenolpyruvate + glycerone
pyruvate + glycerone phosphate
-
-
i.e. dihydroxyacetone phosphate
-
?
phosphoenolpyruvate + glycerone
pyruvate + glycerone phosphate
P76015
regulation involving de-/phosphorylation, and the 3 subunits with ADP and transcription factor DhaR, overview
-
-
?
additional information

?
-
-
the enzyme is involved in the pathway for glycerol oxidation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is involved in the pathway for glycerol oxidation
-
-
-
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Sellinger, O.Z.; Miller, O.N.
Phosphorylation of acetol by homogenates of rat liver
Fed. Proc.
16
245-246
1957
Rattus norvegicus
-
brenda
Bystrykh, L.V.; de Koning, W.; Harder, W.
Triokinase from Candida boidinii KD1
Methods Enzymol.
188
445-451
1990
Candida boidinii, Candida boidinii KD1
brenda
Hofmann, K.H.; Babel, W.
Glycerone kinase from Candida methylica
Methods Enzymol.
188
451-455
1990
Candida methylica, Ogataea angusta, Ogataea angusta CBS 4732
brenda
Luers, G.H.; Advani, R.; Wenzel, T.; Subramani, S.
The Pichia pastoris dihydroxyacetone kinase is a PTS1-containing, but cytosolic, protein that is essential for growth on methanol
Yeast
14
759-771
1998
Komagataella pastoris, Komagataella pastoris (O74192)
brenda
Itoh, N.; Tujibata, Y.; Liu, J.Q.
Cloning and overexpression in Escherichia coli of the gene encoding dihydroxyacetone kinase isoenzyme I from Schizosaccharomyces pombe, and its application to dihydroxyacetone phosphate production
Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol.
51
193-200
1999
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (O13902), Schizosaccharomyces pombe
brenda
Gutknecht, R.; Beutler, R.; Garcia-Alles, L.F.; Baumann, U.; Erni, B.
The dihydroxyacetone kinase of Escherichia coli utilizes a phosphoprotein instead of ATP as phosphoryl donor
EMBO J.
20
2480-2486
2001
Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli (P37349), Escherichia coli (P76014), Escherichia coli (P76015)
brenda
Siebold, C.; Garcia-Alles, L.F.; Erni, B.; Baumann, U.
A mechanism of covalent substrate binding in the x-ray structure of subunit K of the Escherichia coli dihydroxyacetone kinase
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
100
8188-8192
2003
Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli (P37349), Escherichia coli (P76014), Escherichia coli (P76015)
brenda
Molin, M.; Norbeck, J.; Blomberg, A.
Dihydroxyacetone kinases in Saccharomyces cerevisiae are involved in detoxification of dihydroxyacetone
J. Biol. Chem.
278
1415-1423
2003
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (P43550), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (P54838)
brenda
Siebold, C.; Arnold, I.; Garcia-Alles, L.F.; Baumann, U.; Erni, B.
Crystal structure of the Citrobacter freundii dihydroxyacetone kinase reveals an eight-stranded alpha -helical barrel ATP-binding domain
J. Biol. Chem.
278
48236-48244
2003
Citrobacter freundii, Citrobacter freundii (P45510)
brenda
Garcia-Alles, L.F.; Siebold, C.; Nyffeler, T.L.; Flukiger-Bruhwiler, K.; Schneider, P.; Burgi, H.B.; Baumann, U.; Erni, B.
Phosphoenolpyruvate- and ATP-dependent dihydroxyacetone kinases: covalent substrate-binding and kinetic mechanism
Biochemistry
43
13037-13045
2004
Citrobacter freundii, Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli (P37349)
brenda
Bachler, C.; Schneider, P.; Bahler, P.; Lustig, A.; Erni, B.
Escherichia coli dihydroxyacetone kinase controls gene expression by binding to transcription factor DhaR
EMBO J.
24
283-293
2005
Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli (P76015)
brenda
Bachler, C.; Flukiger-Bruhwiler, K.; Schneider, P.; Bahler, P.; Erni, B.
From ATP as substrate to ADP as coenzyme: functional evolution of the nucleotide binding subunit of dihydroxyacetone kinases
J. Biol. Chem.
280
18321-18325
2005
Citrobacter freundii, Escherichia coli
brenda
Cabezas, A.; Costas, M.J.; Pinto, R.M.; Couto, A.; Cameselle, J.C.
Identification of human and rat FAD-AMP lyase (cyclic FMN forming) as ATP-dependent dihydroxyacetone kinases
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.
338
1682-1689
2005
Homo sapiens, Homo sapiens (Q3LXA3), Rattus norvegicus
brenda
Gonzalez-Pajuelo, M.; Meynial-Salles, I.; Mendes, F.; Soucaille, P.; Vasconcelos, I.
Microbial conversion of glycerol to 1,3-propanediol: physiological comparison of a natural producer, Clostridium butyricum VPI 3266, and an engineered strain, Clostridium acetobutylicum DG1(pSPD5)
Appl. Environ. Microbiol.
72
96-101
2006
Clostridium butyricum, Clostridium butyricum VPI 3266, no activity in Clostridium acetobutylicum, no activity in Clostridium acetobutylicum DG1(pSPD5)
brenda
Oberholzer, A.E.; Schneider, P.; Baumann, U.; Erni, B.
Crystal structure of the nucleotide-binding subunit DhaL of the Escherichia coli dihydroxyacetone kinase
J. Mol. Biol.
359
539-545
2006
Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli (Q0TIH0)
brenda
Iturrate, L.; Sanchez-Moreno, I.; Oroz-Guinea, I.; Perez-Gil, J.; Garcia-Junceda, E.
Preparation and characterization of a bifunctional aldolase/kinase enzyme: a more efficient biocatalyst for C-C bond formation
Chemistry
16
4018-4030
2010
Citrobacter freundii, Citrobacter freundii CECT 4626
brenda
Xiao, S.; Sun, Z.; Wang, S.; Zhang, J.; Li, K.; Chen, L.
Overexpressions of dihydroxyacetone synthase and dihydroxyacetone kinase in chloroplasts install a novel photosynthetic HCHO-assimilation pathway in transgenic tobacco using modified Gateway entry vectors
Acta Physiol. Plant.
34
1975-1985
2012
Komagataella pastoris, Komagataella pastoris GS115
-
brenda
Monniot, C.; Zebre, A.C.; Ake, F.M.; Deutscher, J.; Milohanic, E.
Novel listerial glycerol dehydrogenase- and phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent dihydroxyacetone kinase system connected to the pentose phosphate pathway
J. Bacteriol.
194
4972-4982
2012
Listeria innocua, Listeria innocua CLIP 11262, Listeria monocytogenes
brenda
Sauvageot, N.; Ladjouzi, R.; Benachour, A.; Rince, A.; Deutscher, J.; Hartke, A.
Aerobic glycerol dissimilation via the Enterococcus faecalis DhaK pathway depends on NADH oxidase and a phosphotransfer reaction from PEP to DhaK via EIIADha
Microbiology
158
2661-2666
2012
Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecalis JH2-2
brenda
Chen, H.; Lu, Y.; Jiang, J.G.
Comparative analysis on the key enzymes of the glycerol cycle metabolic pathway in Dunaliella salina under osmotic stresses
PLoS ONE
7
e37578
2012
Dunaliella salina
brenda
Shi, R.; McDonald, L.; Cui, Q.; Matte, A.; Cygler, M.; Ekiel, I.
Structural and mechanistic insight into covalent substrate binding by Escherichia coli dihydroxyacetone kinase
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
108
1302-1307
2011
Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli (P76015)
brenda
Tan, H.; Xiao, S.; Han, S.; Xuan, X.; Sun, Z.; Li, K.; Chen, L.
The function of an installed photosynthetic formaldehyde-assimilation pathway containing dihydroxyacetone synthase and dihydroxyacetone kinase enhanced formaldehyde removal from solution in transgenic geranium leaves
Int. Biodeter. Biodegrad.
106
127-132
2016
Pelargonium sp.
-
brenda
Sanchez-Moreno, I.; Bordes, I.; Castillo, R.; Ruiz-Pernia, J.J.; Moliner, V.; Garcia-Junceda, E.
Tuning the phosphoryl donor specificity of dihydroxyacetone kinase from ATP to inorganic polyphosphate. An insight from computational studies
Int. J. Mol. Sci.
16
27835-27849
2015
Citrobacter freundii, Citrobacter freundii (Q1KLC3), Citrobacter freundii CECT 4626 (Q1KLC3)
brenda
Wei, D.; Wang, M.; Jiang, B.; Shi, J.; Hao, J.
Role of dihydroxyacetone kinases I and II in the dha regulon of Klebsiella pneumoniae
J. Biotechnol.
177
13-19
2014
Klebsiella pneumoniae (A0A023T745), Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae CGMCC 1.6366 (A0A023T745)
brenda