Requires Ca2+ or Mg2+ for activity. Involved in synthesis of membrane phospholipids and the neutral lipid triacylglycerol. Unlike the diacylglycerol kinases from bacteria, plants, and animals [cf. EC 2.7.1.107, diacylglycerol kinase (ATP)], the enzyme from Saccharomyces cerevisiae utilizes CTP. The enzyme can also use dCTP, but not ATP, GTP or UTP.
The enzyme appears in viruses and cellular organisms
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
CTP:1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphotransferase
Requires Ca2+ or Mg2+ for activity. Involved in synthesis of membrane phospholipids and the neutral lipid triacylglycerol. Unlike the diacylglycerol kinases from bacteria, plants, and animals [cf. EC 2.7.1.107, diacylglycerol kinase (ATP)], the enzyme from Saccharomyces cerevisiae utilizes CTP. The enzyme can also use dCTP, but not ATP, GTP or UTP.
the enzyme requires Ca2+ or Mg2+ ions for activity. Maximum DAG kinase activity obtained with 1 mM Ca2+ ions is slightly greater than the maximum activity obtained with 10 mM Mg2+ ions
the enzyme requires Ca2+ or Mg2+ ions for activity. Maximum DAG kinase activity obtained with 1 mM Ca2+ ions is slightly greater than the maximum activity obtained with 10 mM Mg2+ ions
the enzyme exhibits positive cooperative kinetics with respect to diacylglycerol and saturation kinetics with respect to CTP, kinetic analysis and modeling, overview
the enzyme exhibits positive cooperative kinetics with respect to diacylglycerol and saturation kinetics with respect to CTP, kinetic analysis and modeling, overview
mutations decrease phosphatidate levels decrease nuclear membrane growth in pah1DELTA cells, the inactivation of Pah1p leads to nuclear growth. A dgk1DLETA strain expressing a mutant DGK1 allele in which residue 177 is changed to alanine does not display any CTP-dependent DAG kinase activity
mutations decrease phosphatidate levels decrease nuclear membrane growth in pah1DELTA cells, the inactivation of Pah1p leads to nuclear growth. A dgk1DLETA strain expressing a mutant DGK1 allele in which residue 177 is changed to alanine does not display any CTP-dependent DAG kinase activity
phosphatidate metabolism is a critical factor determining nuclear structure by regulating nuclear membrane biogenesis, DGK1 rescues the lethality of dephosphorylated PAH1
the enzyme in conjunction with Pah1 phosphatidic acid phosphatase controls the levels of phosphatidic acid and diacylglycerol for the synthesis of triacylglycerol and membrane phospholipids, the growth of the nuclear/endoplasmic reticulum membrane, and the formation of lipid droplets
phosphatidate metabolism is a critical factor determining nuclear structure by regulating nuclear membrane biogenesis, DGK1 rescues the lethality of dephosphorylated PAH1
the enzyme in conjunction with Pah1 phosphatidic acid phosphatase controls the levels of phosphatidic acid and diacylglycerol for the synthesis of triacylglycerol and membrane phospholipids, the growth of the nuclear/endoplasmic reticulum membrane, and the formation of lipid droplets
Dgk1p is a unique diacylglycerol kinase that uses CTP, instead of ATP, to generate phosphatidate. The unconventional diacylglycerol kinase regulates phospholipid synthesis and nuclear membrane growth, detailed overview. DGK1 counteracts the activity of PAH1 at the nuclear envelope by controlling phosphatidate levels. Phosphatidate metabolism is a critical factor determining nuclear structure by regulating nuclear membrane biogenesis. DGK1 rescues the lethality of dephosphorylated PAH1
the enzyme catalyzes the CTP-dependent phosphorylation of diacylglycerol to form phosphatidate, and in conjunction with PAH1-encoded phosphatidate phosphatase, it controls the levels of phosphatidate and diacylglycerol for phospholipid synthesis, membrane growth, and lipid droplet formation. A functional level of diacylglycerol kinase is regulated by the Reb1p transcription factor. Reb1p specifically binds the consensus recognition sequence (CGGGTAA, -166 to -160) in the DGK1 promoter. Diacylglycerol kinase is regulated at the level of transcription. The expression of diacylglycerol kinase is induced by the Reb1p transcription factor, and the resulting activity increase is essential for the enzyme function in phospholipid synthesis. The DGK1-encoded DAG kinase activity causes the accumulation of phosphatidic acid at the nuclear/endoplasmicreticulum membrane when the phospholipid is not hydrolyzed by PAH1-encoded phosphatidic acid phosphatase
Dgk1p is a unique diacylglycerol kinase that uses CTP, instead of ATP, to generate phosphatidate. The unconventional diacylglycerol kinase regulates phospholipid synthesis and nuclear membrane growth, detailed overview. DGK1 counteracts the activity of PAH1 at the nuclear envelope by controlling phosphatidate levels. Phosphatidate metabolism is a critical factor determining nuclear structure by regulating nuclear membrane biogenesis. DGK1 rescues the lethality of dephosphorylated PAH1
the enzyme is phosphorylated by casein kinase II at serine residues Ser45 and Ser46. The casein kinase II-mediated phosphorylation of the enzyme regulates its function in the production of phosphatidic acid. The enzyme is inhibited by dephosphorylation with alkaline phosphatase
the enzyme is phosphorylated by casein kinase II at serine residues Ser45 and Ser46. The casein kinase II-mediated phosphorylation of the enzyme regulates its function in the production of phosphatidic acid. The enzyme is inhibited by dephosphorylation with alkaline phosphatase
the mutations abolish the stationary phase-dependent stimulation of enzyme activity. The phosphorylation-deficient mutations decrease enzyme function in phosphatidic acid production and in eliciting pah1DELTA phenotypes, such as the expansion of the nuclear/endoplasmic reticulum membrane, reduced lipid droplet formation, and temperature sensitivity
the mutation abolishes the stationary phase-dependent stimulation of enzyme activity. The phosphorylation-deficient mutation decreases enzyme function in phosphatidic acid production and in eliciting pah1DELTA phenotypes, such as the expansion of the nuclear/endoplasmic reticulum membrane, reduced lipid droplet formation, and temperature sensitivity
the mutations abolish the stationary phase-dependent stimulation of enzyme activity. The phosphorylation-deficient mutations decrease enzyme function in phosphatidic acid production and in eliciting pah1DELTA phenotypes, such as the expansion of the nuclear/endoplasmic reticulum membrane, reduced lipid droplet formation, and temperature sensitivity
the mutation abolishes the stationary phase-dependent stimulation of enzyme activity. The phosphorylation-deficient mutation decreases enzyme function in phosphatidic acid production and in eliciting pah1DELTA phenotypes, such as the expansion of the nuclear/endoplasmic reticulum membrane, reduced lipid droplet formation, and temperature sensitivity
construction of DGK1 truncation mutants. The DELTA66 and DELTA70 truncations remove most of the N-terminal hydrophilic region of Dgk1p, whereas the DELTA77 truncation removes the entire N-terminal hydrophilic region plus the first two residues contained within the CTP transferase domain, the later mutant is inactive, the other two show reduced activity compared to the wild-type enzyme
construction of DGK1 truncation mutants. The DELTA66 and DELTA70 truncations remove most of the N-terminal hydrophilic region of Dgk1p, whereas the DELTA77 truncation removes the entire N-terminal hydrophilic region plus the first two residues contained within the CTP transferase domain, the later mutant is inactive, the other two show reduced activity compared to the wild-type enzyme
overexpression of DGK1 causes the appearance of phosphatidate-enriched membranes around the nucleus and leads to its expansion, without proliferating the cortical endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Deletion of DGK1 returns the phosphatidate and phosphatidylethanolamine levels of the pah1DELTA cells to normal
overexpression of DGK1 causes the appearance of phosphatidate-enriched membranes around the nucleus and leads to its expansion, without proliferating the cortical endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Deletion of DGK1 returns the phosphatidate and phosphatidylethanolamine levels of the pah1DELTA cells to normal
overexpression of DGK1 causes the appearance of phosphatidate-enriched membranes around the nucleus and leads to its expansion, without proliferating the cortical endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Deletion of DGK1 returns the phosphatidate and phosphatidylethanolamine levels of the pah1DELTA cells to normal
construction of DGK1 truncation mutants. The DELTA66 and DELTA70 truncations remove most of the N-terminal hydrophilic region of Dgk1p, whereas the DELTA77 truncation removes the entire N-terminal hydrophilic region plus the first two residues contained within the CTP transferase domain, the later mutant is inactive, the other two show reduced activity compared to the wild-type enzyme
gene DGK1, the DGK1 promoter is substituted with the inducible GAL1/10 promoter in the low copy YCplac111 and high copy YEplac181 vectors, expression of wild-type and mutant enzymes, induction of wild-type DGK1 gene expression from high copy number plasmid YEplac181-GAL1/10-DGK1 results in a massive increase in DAG kinase activity. Temperature sensitivity of dgk1DELTA cells overexpressing DGK1 and its mutant alleles
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EXPRESSION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
expression of diacylglycerol kinase is induced by the Reb1p transcription factor, Reb1p directly interacts with the Reb1p-binding sequence in the DGK1 promoter