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Enzyme Nomenclature
Information on EC 2.7.1.107 - diacylglycerol kinase (ATP)
for references in articles please use BRENDA:EC2.7.1.107
Word Map on EC 2.7.1.107
- 2.7.1.107
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phosphatidic
- phospholipid
- phosphatidylinositol
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phorbol
- inositol
- phosphatidylcholine
- phosphoinositide
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arachidonic
- deoxyguanosine
- ceramide
- phosphatidylserine
- 13-acetate
- deoxycytidine
- staurosporine
- deoxynucleoside
- dioctanoylglycerol
- 4,5-bisphosphate
- monoacylglycerols
- sphingosine
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pleckstrin
-
ef-hands
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4-phosphate
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phosphohydrolase
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prelabeled
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polyphosphoinositide
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1,4,5-trisphosphate
- pip2
- 5-kinase
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kinase-dead
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marcks
- agriculture
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transphosphatidylation
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finger-like
-
3hglycerol
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anergy
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ptdoh
- deoxyribonucleoside
- analysis
- medicine
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The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Eukaryota, Bacteria
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EC NUMBER 
COMMENTARY 
2.7.1.107
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RECOMMENDED NAME
GeneOntology No.
diacylglycerol kinase (ATP)
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
ATP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol = ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
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ATP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol = ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
random equilibrium mechanism
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ATP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol = ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
C-terminal active site comprises residues 371-501, the C1 domain is absolutely required for catalytic activity, residues Asp434, Asp650, Asp465, and Asp497 are involved
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ATP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol = ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
catalytic and regulatory mechanisms
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ATP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol = ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
conserved residues in the extended cysteine-rich domain CRD are essential for activity. e.g. G236, P244, and P245
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ATP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol = ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
analysis of the catalytic mechanism using crystal structure anaysis, structure-function analysis, mutagenesis studies, molecular dynamics simulations, and density functional theory modelling, overview
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ATP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol = ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
analysis of the catalytic kinase mechanism molecular dynamics and quantum mechanics calculations, and density functional theory calculations, overview. The active site is relatively open and able to accommodate ligands in multiple orientations, suggesting that the optimization of binding orientations and conformational changes occurs prior to actual phosphoryl transfer
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ATP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol = ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
catalytic and regulatory mechanisms
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
phospho group transfer
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PATHWAY
BRENDA Link
KEGG Link
MetaCyc Link
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
ATP:1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphotransferase
Involved in synthesis of membrane phospholipids and the neutral lipid triacylglycerol. Activity is stimulated by certain phospholipids [4,7]. In plants and animals the product 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate is an important second messenger. cf. EC 2.7.1.174, diacylglycerol kinase (CTP).
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
60382-71-0
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ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
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640357, 640363, 640365, 640374, 640378, 640386, 672259, 672275, 672420, 672423, 672450, 673918, 674868, 675992, 690450, 690811, 690889, 692787, 694147, 721504, 723202
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9 different isozymes divided into 5 subtypes, alternative splicing of isozymes
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isoform diacylglycerol kinase delta. Female patient with a de novo balanced translocation, 46,X,t(X,2)(p11.2,q37)dn, who exhibits seizures, capillary abnormality, developmental delay, infantile hypotonia, and obesity
UniProt
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640377, 640388, 673518, 673918, 675157, 676128, 676822, 690325, 690696, 691660, 691832, 694867, 695158
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UniProt
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GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
evolution
malfunction
physiological function
additional information
evolution
comprehensive analysis on the 1-monoacylglycerol kinase (1-MGK) and 2-monoacylglycerol kinase (2-MGK) activities, EC 2.7.1.94, of ten diacylglyceol kinase (DGK) isozymes, EC 2.7.1.107, from different organisms. Type I (alpha, beta, and gamma), type II (delta, eta, and kappa) and type III (epsilon) DGKs have 7.9-19.2% 2-MGK activity compared to their DGK activities, whereas their 1-MGK activities are below 3.0%. Both the 1-MGK and 2-MGK activities of the type IV DGKs (zeta and iota) are below 1% relative to their DGK activities. Type V DGKtheta has approximately 6% 1-MGK activity and below 2% 2-MGK activity compared to its DGK activity. Purified DGKtheta exhibits the same results, indicating that its 1-MGK activity is intrinsic. DGK isozymes are categorized into three types with respect to their 1-MGK and 2-MGK activities: those having (1) 2-MGK activity relatively stronger than their 1-MGK activity (types I-III), (2) only negligible 1-MGK and 2-MGK activities (type IV), and (3) 1-MGK activity stronger than its 2-MGK activity (type V). The 1-MGK activity of DGKtheta and the 2-MGK activity of DGKalpha are stronger than those of the acylglycerol kinase reported as 1-MGK and 2-MGK to date; comprehensive analysis on the 1-monoacylglycerol kinase (1-MGK) and 2-monoacylglycerol kinase (2-MGK) activities, EC 2.7.1.94, of ten diacylglyceol kinase (DGK) isozymes, EC 2.7.1.107, from different organisms. Type I (alpha, beta, and gamma), type II (delta, eta, and kappa) and type III (epsilon) DGKs have 7.9-19.2% 2-MGK activity compared to their DGK activities, whereas their 1-MGK activities are below 3.0%. Both the 1-MGK and 2-MGK activities of the type IV DGKs (zeta and iota) are below 1% relative to their DGK activities. Type V DGKtheta has approximately 6% 1-MGK activity and below 2% 2-MGK activity compared to its DGK activity. Purified DGKtheta exhibits the same results, indicating that its 1-MGK activity is intrinsic. DGK isozymes are categorized into three types with respect to their 1-MGK and 2-MGK activities: those having (1) 2-MGK activity relatively stronger than their 1-MGK activity (types I-III), (2) only negligible 1-MGK and 2-MGK activities (type IV), and (3) 1-MGK activity stronger than its 2-MGK activity (type V). The 1-MGK activity of DGKtheta and the 2-MGK activity of DGKalpha are stronger than those of the acylglycerol kinase reported as 1-MGK and 2-MGK to date; comprehensive analysis on the 1-monoacylglycerol kinase (1-MGK) and 2-monoacylglycerol kinase (2-MGK) activities, EC 2.7.1.94, of ten diacylglyceol kinase (DGK) isozymes, EC 2.7.1.107, from different organisms. Type I (alpha, beta, and gamma), type II (delta, eta, and kappa) and type III (epsilon) DGKs have 7.9-19.2% 2-MGK activity compared to their DGK activities, whereas their 1-MGK activities are below 3.0%. Both the 1-MGK and 2-MGK activities of the type IV DGKs (zeta and iota) are below 1% relative to their DGK activities. Type V DGKtheta has approximately 6% 1-MGK activity and below 2% 2-MGK activity compared to its DGK activity. Purified DGKtheta exhibits the same results, indicating that its 1-MGK activity is intrinsic. DGK isozymes are categorized into three types with respect to their 1-MGK and 2-MGK activities: those having (1) 2-MGK activity relatively stronger than their 1-MGK activity (types I-III), (2) only negligible 1-MGK and 2-MGK activities (type IV), and (3) 1-MGK activity stronger than its 2-MGK activity (type V). The 1-MGK activity of DGKtheta and the 2-MGK activity of DGKalpha are stronger than those of the acylglycerol kinase reported as 1-MGK and 2-MGK to date; comprehensive analysis on the 1-monoacylglycerol kinase (1-MGK) and 2-monoacylglycerol kinase (2-MGK) activities, EC 2.7.1.94, of ten diacylglyceol kinase (DGK) isozymes, EC 2.7.1.107, from different organisms. Type I (alpha, beta, and gamma), type II (delta, eta, and kappa) and type III (epsilon) DGKs have 7.9-19.2% 2-MGK activity compared to their DGK activities, whereas their 1-MGK activities are below 3.0%. Both the 1-MGK and 2-MGK activities of the type IV DGKs (zeta and iota) are below 1% relative to their DGK activities. Type V DGKtheta has approximately 6% 1-MGK activity and below 2% 2-MGK activity compared to its DGK activity. Purified DGKtheta exhibits the same results, indicating that its 1-MGK activity is intrinsic. DGK isozymes are categorized into three types with respect to their 1-MGK and 2-MGK activities: those having (1) 2-MGK activity relatively stronger than their 1-MGK activity (types I-III), (2) only negligible 1-MGK and 2-MGK activities (type IV), and (3) 1-MGK activity stronger than its 2-MGK activity (type V). The 1-MGK activity of DGKtheta and the 2-MGK activity of DGKalpha are stronger than those of the acylglycerol kinase reported as 1-MGK and 2-MGK to date; comprehensive analysis on the 1-monoacylglycerol kinase (1-MGK) and 2-monoacylglycerol kinase (2-MGK) activities, EC 2.7.1.94, of ten diacylglyceol kinase (DGK) isozymes, EC 2.7.1.107, from different organisms. Type I (alpha, beta, and gamma), type II (delta, eta, and kappa) and type III (epsilon) DGKs have 7.9-19.2% 2-MGK activity compared to their DGK activities, whereas their 1-MGK activities are below 3.0%. Both the 1-MGK and 2-MGK activities of the type IV DGKs (zeta and iota) are below 1% relative to their DGK activities. Type V DGKtheta has approximately 6% 1-MGK activity and below 2% 2-MGK activity compared to its DGK activity. Purified DGKtheta exhibits the same results, indicating that its 1-MGK activity is intrinsic. DGK isozymes are categorized into three types with respect to their 1-MGK and 2-MGK activities: those having (1) 2-MGK activity relatively stronger than their 1-MGK activity (types I-III), (2) only negligible 1-MGK and 2-MGK activities (type IV), and (3) 1-MGK activity stronger than its 2-MGK activity (type V). The 1-MGK activity of DGKtheta and the 2-MGK activity of DGKalpha are stronger than those of the acylglycerol kinase reported as 1-MGK and 2-MGK to date; comprehensive analysis on the 1-monoacylglycerol kinase (1-MGK) and 2-monoacylglycerol kinase (2-MGK) activities, EC 2.7.1.94, of ten diacylglyceol kinase (DGK) isozymes, EC 2.7.1.107, from different organisms. Type I (alpha, beta, and gamma), type II (delta, eta, and kappa) and type III (epsilon) DGKs have 7.9-19.2% 2-MGK activity compared to their DGK activities, whereas their 1-MGK activities are below 3.0%. Both the 1-MGK and 2-MGK activities of the type IV DGKs (zeta and iota) are below 1% relative to their DGK activities. Type V DGKtheta has approximately 6% 1-MGK activity and below 2% 2-MGK activity compared to its DGK activity. Purified DGKtheta exhibits the same results, indicating that its 1-MGK activity is intrinsic. DGK isozymes are categorized into three types with respect to their 1-MGK and 2-MGK activities: those having (1) 2-MGK activity relatively stronger than their 1-MGK activity (types I–III), (2) only negligible 1-MGK and 2-MGK activities (type IV), and (3) 1-MGK activity stronger than its 2-MGK activity (type V). The 1-MGK activity of DGKtheta and the 2-MGK activity of DGKalpha are stronger than those of the acylglycerol kinase reported as 1-MGK and 2-MGK to date; comprehensive analysis on the 1-monoacylglycerol kinase (1-MGK) and 2-monoacylglycerol kinase (2-MGK) activities, EC 2.7.1.94, of ten diacylglyceol kinase (DGK) isozymes, EC 2.7.1.107, from different organisms. Type I (alpha, beta, and gamma), type II (delta, eta, and kappa) and type III (epsilon) DGKs have 7.9-19.2% 2-MGK activity compared to their DGK activities, whereas their 1-MGK activities are below 3.0%. Both the 1-MGK and 2-MGK activities of the type IV DGKs (zeta and iota) are below 1% relative to their DGK activities. Type V DGKtheta has approximately 6% 1-MGK activity and below 2% 2-MGK activity compared to its DGK activity. Purified DGKtheta exhibits the same results, indicating that its 1-MGK activity is intrinsic. DGK isozymes are categorized into three types with respect to their 1-MGK and 2-MGK activities: those having (1) 2-MGK activity relatively stronger than their 1-MGK activity (types I–III), (2) only negligible 1-MGK and 2-MGK activities (type IV), and (3) 1-MGK activity stronger than its 2-MGK activity (type V). The 1-MGK activity of DGKtheta and the 2-MGK activity of DGKalpha are stronger than those of the acylglycerol kinase reported as 1-MGK and 2-MGK to date; comprehensive analysis on the 1-monoacylglycerol kinase (1-MGK) and 2-monoacylglycerol kinase (2-MGK) activities, EC 2.7.1.94, of ten diacylglyceol kinase (DGK) isozymes, EC 2.7.1.107, from different organisms. Type I (alpha, beta, and gamma), type II (delta, eta, and kappa) and type III (epsilon) DGKs have 7.9-19.2% 2-MGK activity compared to their DGK activities, whereas their 1-MGK activities are below 3.0%. Both the 1-MGK and 2-MGK activities of the type IV DGKs (zeta and iota) are below 1% relative to their DGK activities. Type V DGKtheta has approximately 6% 1-MGK activity and below 2% 2-MGK activity compared to its DGK activity. Purified DGKtheta exhibits the same results, indicating that its 1-MGK activity is intrinsic. DGK isozymes are categorized into three types with respect to their 1-MGK and 2-MGK activities: those having (1) 2-MGK activity relatively stronger than their 1-MGK activity (types I–III), (2) only negligible 1-MGK and 2-MGK activities (type IV), and (3) 1-MGK activity stronger than its 2-MGK activity (type V). The 1-MGK activity of DGKtheta and the 2-MGK activity of DGKalpha are stronger than those of the acylglycerol kinase reported as 1-MGK and 2-MGK to date
evolution
comprehensive analysis on the 1-monoacylglycerol kinase (1-MGK) and 2-monoacylglycerol kinase (2-MGK) activities, EC 2.7.1.94, of ten diacylglyceol kinase (DGK) isozymes, EC 2.7.1.107, from different organisms. Type I (alpha, beta, and gamma), type II (delta, eta, and kappa) and type III (epsilon) DGKs have 7.9-19.2% 2-MGK activity compared to their DGK activities, whereas their 1-MGK activities are below 3.0%. Both the 1-MGK and 2-MGK activities of the type IV DGKs (zeta and iota) are below 1% relative to their DGK activities. Type V DGKtheta has approximately 6% 1-MGK activity and below 2% 2-MGK activity compared to its DGK activity. Purified DGKtheta exhibits the same results, indicating that its 1-MGK activity is intrinsic. DGK isozymes are categorized into three types with respect to their 1-MGK and 2-MGK activities: those having (1) 2-MGK activity relatively stronger than their 1-MGK activity (types I-III), (2) only negligible 1-MGK and 2-MGK activities (type IV), and (3) 1-MGK activity stronger than its 2-MGK activity (type V). The 1-MGK activity of DGKtheta and the 2-MGK activity of DGKalpha are stronger than those of the acylglycerol kinase reported as 1-MGK and 2-MGK to date
evolution
comprehensive analysis on the 1-monoacylglycerol kinase (1-MGK) and 2-monoacylglycerol kinase (2-MGK) activities, EC 2.7.1.94, of ten diacylglyceol kinase (DGK) isozymes, EC 2.7.1.107, from different organisms. Type I (alpha, beta, and gamma), type II (delta, eta, and kappa) and type III (epsilon) DGKs have 7.9-19.2% 2-MGK activity compared to their DGK activities, whereas their 1-MGK activities are below 3.0%. Both the 1-MGK and 2-MGK activities of the type IV DGKs (zeta and iota) are below 1% relative to their DGK activities. Type V DGKtheta has approximately 6% 1-MGK activity and below 2% 2-MGK activity compared to its DGK activity. Purified DGKtheta exhibits the same results, indicating that its 1-MGK activity is intrinsic. DGK isozymes are categorized into three types with respect to their 1-MGK and 2-MGK activities: those having (1) 2-MGK activity relatively stronger than their 1-MGK activity (types I-III), (2) only negligible 1-MGK and 2-MGK activities (type IV), and (3) 1-MGK activity stronger than its 2-MGK activity (type V). The 1-MGK activity of DGKtheta and the 2-MGK activity of DGKalpha are stronger than those of the acylglycerol kinase reported as 1-MGK and 2-MGK to date
evolution
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DgkA is a unique kinase with a distinctive active site. It has no recognizable nucleotide sequence or structural binding motifs
evolution
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as the smallest kinase known, it shares no sequence homology with conventional kinases and possesses a distinct trimer structure. The phosphorylation reaction of diacylglycerol kinase features the same phosphoryl transfer mechanism as other kinases, despite its unique structural properties. DgkA appears to be an evolutionarily optimized enzyme and its chemical reaction rate approaches the substrate diffusion-controlled rate limit
malfunction
small interfering RNA-dependent knockdown of diacylglycerol kinase eta impairs the Ras/B-Raf/C-Raf/MEK/ERK pathway activated by epidermal growth factor in HeLa cells and inhibits cell proliferation
malfunction
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knockdown of DGKfzeta in cultured neurons decreases spine density
malfunction
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transformed mouse embryo fibroblasts from mice that have a genetic deletion of DGKdelta exhibit decreased levels of many phospholipids and neutral lipids compared with wild-type mouse embryonic fibroblasts. DGKdelta knockout leads to down-regulation of enzymes responsible for fatty acid synthesis and lowers the amount of many lipid species within the cell
malfunction
presence or absence of 1-MGK and 2-MGK activities may be essential to the pathophysiological functions of each DGK isozyme; presence or absence of 1-MGK and 2-MGK activities may be essential to the pathophysiological functions of each DGK isozyme; presence or absence of 1-MGK and 2-MGK activities may be essential to the pathophysiological functions of each DGK isozyme; presence or absence of 1-MGK and 2-MGK activities may be essential to the pathophysiological functions of each DGK isozyme; presence or absence of 1-MGK and 2-MGK activities may be essential to the pathophysiological functions of each DGK isozyme; presence or absence of 1-MGK and 2-MGK activities may be essential to the pathophysiological functions of each DGK isozyme; presence or absence of 1-MGK and 2-MGK activities may be essential to the pathophysiological functions of each DGK isozyme; presence or absence of 1-MGK and 2-MGK activities may be essential to the pathophysiological functions of each DGK isozyme
malfunction
presence or absence of 1-MGK and 2-MGK activities may be essential to the pathophysiological functions of each DGK isozyme
malfunction
presence or absence of 1-MGK and 2-MGK activities may be essential to the pathophysiological functions of each DGK isozyme
physiological function
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neither overexpression of wild type nor kinase-inactive DGKzeta affects cell cycle distribution
physiological function
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membrane localization of DGKalpha acts as a switch-off signal for Ras activation, mediated by localization to the membrane of Ras-GRP1, DGKalpha is a negative regulator of the T cell activation program, DGKalpha activity is required for optimal chemotactic response of neutrophils, whereas it halts their oxidative burst, DGKalpha is a negative modulator of diacylglycerol signaling, DGKalpha activity modulates the mTOR pathway to prevent cell cycle transition, DGKalpha is an indicator of cell quiescence, DGKalpha is a positive regulator of cell proliferation and migration
physiological function
membrane localization of DGKalpha acts as a switch-off signal for Ras activation, mediated by localization to the membrane of Ras-GRP1, DGKalpha is a negative regulator of the T cell activation program, DGKalpha activity is required for optimal chemotactic response of neutrophils, whereas it halts their oxidative burst, DGKalpha is a negative modulator of diacylglycerol signaling, DGKalpha activity modulates the mTOR pathway to prevent cell cycle transition, DGKalpha is an indicator of cell quiescence, DGKalpha is a positive regulator of cell proliferation and migration
physiological function
DGKepsilon prevents cardiac hypertrophy and progression to heart failure under chronic pressure overload
physiological function
DGKalpha has a central role in modulating T cell anergy through its ability to control DAG levels, which likely activates RasGRP1 and possibly other proteins; DGKzeta has an important biological function in the nucleus where it appears to modulate the cell cycle by metabolizing 1,2-diacylglycerol
physiological function
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DGKs broadly regulate signaling events by virtue of their ability to provide 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate (phosphatidic acid) for the synthesis of phosphatidylinositols
physiological function
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DGKs broadly regulate signaling events by virtue of their ability to provide 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate (phosphatidic acid) for the synthesis of phosphatidylinositols
physiological function
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DGKs broadly regulate signaling events by virtue of their ability to provide 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate (phosphatidic acid) for the synthesis of phosphatidylinositols
physiological function
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DGKs broadly regulate signaling events by virtue of their ability to provide 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate (phosphatidic acid) for the synthesis of phosphatidylinositols, isoform DGKzeta activates phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase type Ialpha, DGKzeta modulates Rac1 activation to influence neurite outgrowth, DGKzeta modulates mTor activation and immune cell signaling
physiological function
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DGKs broadly regulate signaling events by virtue of their ability to provide 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate (phosphatidic acid) for the synthesis of phosphatidylinositols
physiological function
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diacylglycerol kinase beta promotes dendritic outgrowth and spine maturation in developing hippocampal neurons
physiological function
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isoform DGKepsilon interacts with actin stress fibers and is involved in their stability in vascular smooth muscle cells
physiological function
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nuclear DGK-zeta downregulates the expression of cyclin D1 and increased the expression of TIS21/BTG2/PC3
physiological function
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isoform DGKbeta is provided to perisynaptic sites of medium spiny neurons so that it can effectively produce 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate upon activation of Gq protein-coupled receptors and modulate the cellular state of striatal output neurons
physiological function
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isoform DGKalpha positively regulates tumor nuclear factor-alpha-dependent necrosis factor-kappaB activation via the protein kinase Czeta-mediated Ser311 phosphorylation of p65/RelA, isoform DGKalpha does not affect phosphorylation of IkappaB, DGKalpha enhances phosphorylation of p65 at Ser311 but not at Ser468 or Ser536
physiological function
isoform DGKalpha positively regulates tumor nuclear factor-alpha-dependent necrosis factor-kappaB activation via the protein kinase Czeta-mediated Ser311 phosphorylation of p65/RelA, isoform DGKalpha does not affect phosphorylation of IkappaB, DGKalpha enhances phosphorylation of p65 at Ser311 but not at Ser468 or Ser536
physiological function
overexpression of DGKeta1 can activate the Ras/B-Raf/C-Raf/MEK/ERK pathway in a DGK activity-independent manner, suggesting that DGKeta serves as a scaffold/adaptor protein, DGKeta activates C-Raf but not B-Raf
physiological function
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isoform DGKf appears to form a multi-protein complex with functionally related proteins to organize efficient 1,2-diacylglycerol and 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate signaling pathways at excitatory synapses, the DGKzeta isoform at excitatory postsynaptic sites is critically involved in spine maintenance, DGKzeta promotes neurite outgrowth
physiological function
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isoform DGKf appears to form a multi-protein complex with functionally related proteins to organize efficient 1,2-diacylglycerol and 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate signaling pathways at excitatory synapses, the DGKzeta isoform at excitatory postsynaptic sites is critically involved in spine maintenance, DGKzeta promotes neurite outgrowth
physiological function
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diacylglycerol kinase zeta regulates actin cytoskeleton reorganization through dissociation of Rac1 from RhoGDI
physiological function
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treating SKOV-3 ovarian cancer cell with a sphingosine analogue stimulates conversion of exogenous 1-alkyl-2-acetyl glycerol to alkyl-lysophosphatidic acid. Diacylglycerol kinase alpha may contribute significantly to the production of alkyl-lysophosphatidic acid in SKOV-3 cells, showing cross-talk between the sphingolipid and glycerol lipid pathways
physiological function
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in response to cold temperatures, there is a very fast accumulation of phosphatidic acid in Arabidopsis seedlings and leaf discs. Radiolabeling studies indicate a dominant role of diacylglycerol kinase under these conditions
physiological function
endogenous isoform diacylglycerol kinase alpha is recruited to the T cell receptor complex following T cell receptor/CD28 engagement; endogenous isoform diacylglycerol kinase zeta is recruited to the T cell receptor complex following T cell receptor/CD28 engagement. Specific diacylglycerol kinase gene silencing shows that phosphatidic acid production at the activated complex depends mainly on diacylglycerol kinase zeta. At early stages of T cell immunological synapse formation, isoform zeta translocates rapidly to the plasma membrane, where rapid, sustained diacylglycerol accumulation is found
physiological function
the enzyme plays important roles is the nervous system
physiological function
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DGKdelta promotes de novo lipid synthesis is through signal transduction pathways, overview
physiological function
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the enzyme is involved in a mechanism of light-regulated DAGK activity in the photoreceptors of the vertebrate species. Protein kinase C-dependent phosphorylation of retina rod outer segments (obtained from bovine retinas at room light) regulates DAGK activity
physiological function
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the enzyme is involved in a mechanism of light-regulated DAGK activity in the photoreceptors of the vertebrate species. Protein kinase C-dependent phosphorylation of retina rod outer segments regulates DAGK activity
physiological function
light-dependent channel TRP in the light-sensitive microvilli of the photoreceptor's rhabdomere is opened by diacylglycerol and silenced by ATP, suggesting diacylglycerol kinase involvement. The ATP effect is abolished by inhibiting enzyme diacylglycerol kinase DGK and in the rdgA mutant, lacking functional DGK. Diacylglycerol activates TRP even in the presence of a DAG-lipase inhibitor, inconsistent with a requirement of polyunsaturated fatty acids in opening TRP. Diacylglycerol is the endogenous TRP agonist. ATP lowers the channel activity, the ATP effect is completely abolished by inhibition of the enzyme
physiological function
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diacylglycerol kinase catalyzes the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of diacylglycerol to phosphatidic acid for use in shuttling water-soluble components to membrane-derived oligosaccharide and lipopolysaccharide in the cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria
physiological function
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light-dependent channel TRP in the light-sensitive microvilli of the photoreceptor's rhabdomere is opened by diacylglycerol and silenced by ATP, suggesting diacylglycerol kinase involvement. The ATP effect is abolished by inhibiting enzyme diacylglycerol kinase DGK and in the rdgA mutant, lacking functional DGK. Diacylglycerol activates TRP even in the presence of a DAG-lipase inhibitor, inconsistent with a requirement of polyunsaturated fatty acids in opening TRP. Diacylglycerol is the endogenous TRP agonist. ATP lowers the channel activity, the ATP effect is completely abolished by inhibition of the enzyme
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physiological function
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the enzyme is involved in a mechanism of light-regulated DAGK activity in the photoreceptors of the vertebrate species. Protein kinase C-dependent phosphorylation of retina rod outer segments regulates DAGK activity
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additional information
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Asn72 plays a key role in catalysis. Its side-chain amide bridges Glu69 and Glu76 both of which are essential, the gamma-phosphate of ATP is positioned for direct transfer to the primary hydroxyl of the lipid whose acyl chain is in the membrane, catalytic mechanism, overview. The putative catalytic site resides on the protein at the membrane/cytosol interface where the reactive moieties of the two substrates, with disparate polarities, come together for reaction. The ternary complex site, asBC, contains zinc-ACP and two lipid substrates. The gaamma-phosphate of the ATP analogue is positioned for direct transfer to the primary hydroxyl of the lipid whose acyl chain is in the membrane
additional information
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DgkA catalyzes phosphoryl transfer expected to take place at a polar/apolar interface
additional information
-
1,2-dioctanoylglycerol is first docked into the active site of the crystal structure of DgkA, PDB ID 3ZE5, followed by construction of a ternary complex model by docking co-factor ATP and substrate 1,2-dioctanoylglycerol into the active site of DgkA. The complex of DgkA is optimized and equilibrated by molecular dynamics simulation in the lipid bilayer. The phosphotransfer reaction catalyzed by DgkA is then investigated through the hybrid density functional theory method B3LYP. Important role of the surface helix in the active site formation
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
2'-deoxy-ATP + sn-1,2-dihexanoylglycerol
2'-deoxy-ADP + sn-1,2-dihexanoylglycerol 3-phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
ADP + sn-1,2-dihexanoylglycerol
AMP + sn-1,2-dihexanoylglycerol 3-phosphate
-
MgADP- is a very poor phosphoryl donor
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diarachidonoyl-glycerol
ADP + 1,2-diarachidonoyl-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diarachidonoyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1,2-diarachidonoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-dicapryl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1,2-dicapryl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
about 140% of the activity with sn-1,2-dioleoylglycerol
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-didecanoylglycerol
ADP + 1,2-didecanoylglycerol 3-phosphate
-
enzyme type I: activity is 157% of the activity with rac-1,2-dioleoylglycerol, enzyme type II: activity is 141% of the activity with rac-1,2-dioleoylglycerol
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-didodecanoylglycerol
ADP + 1,2-didodecanoylglycerol 3-phosphate
-
enzyme type I: activity is 107% of the activity with rac-1,2-dioleoylglycerol, enzyme type II: activity is 227% of the activity with rac-1,2-dioleoylglycerol
-
-
-
ATP + 1,2-dihexadecanoylglycerol
ADP + 1,2-dihexadecanoylglycerol 3-phosphate
-
enzyme type I: activity is 198% of the activity with rac-1,2-dioleoylglycerol, enzyme type II: activity is 231% of the activity with rac-1,2-dioleoylglycerol
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-dihexanoylglycerol
ADP + 1,2-dihexanoylglycerol 3-phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-dilinoleoyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1,2-dilinoleoyl-sn-glycerol
-
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-ditetradecanoylglycerol
ADP + 1,2-ditetradecanoylglycerol 3-phosphate
-
enzyme type I: activity is 200% of the activity with rac-1,2-dioleoylglycerol, enzyme type II: activity is 262% of the activity with rac-1,2-dioleoylglycerol
-
-
-
ATP + 1,3-dioleoyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1,3-dioleoyl-sn-glycerol 2-phosphate
-
low activity, about 4% of the activity with 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycerol
-
-
?
ATP + 1-arachidoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + ?
-
isoform DGKepsilon shows about 70% activity with 0.38 mol% 1-arachidoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol compared to 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol
-
-
?
ATP + 1-O-hexadecyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1-O-hexadecyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
45.4% of the activity with 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol
-
-
?
ATP + 1-O-hexadecyl-2-sn-acetyl glycerol
ADP + 1-O-hexadecyl-2-sn-acetyl glycerol 3-phosphate
-
about 12fold the rate of 1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycerol phosphorylation, isoforms diacylglycerol kinase alpha, beta, gamma, delta1, delta1, zeta, jota, theta
-
-
?
ATP + 1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + 1-O-hexanoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1-O-hexanoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
preferred by isozyme DGKzeta and isozyme DGKalpha
-
-
?
ATP + 1-O-hexanoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1-O-hexanoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + 1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
about 85% of the activity with sn-1,2-dioleoylglycerol, DGKksi
-
-
?
ATP + 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
ATP + 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
enzyme type I: activity is 116% of the activity with rac-1,2-dioleoylglycerol, enzyme type II: activity is 86% of the activity with rac-1,2-dioleoylglycerol
-
-
?
ATP + 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
ATP + 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoylglycerol
ADP + 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoylglycerol 3-phosphate
-
preferred enzyme, 6fold higher activity compared to substrate 1,2-dioleoylglycerol
-
-
?
ATP + 1-stearoyl-2-docosahexaenoyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1-stearoyl-2-docosahexaenoyl-sn-glycerol
no substrate for wild-type, but substrate for mutant R457Q
-
-
?
ATP + 1-stearoyl-2-linoleoyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1-stearoyl-2-linoleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
ATP + 1-stearoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1-stearoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
-
-
?
ATP + 2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
isoform DGKepsilon shows substrate specificity for sn-2 arachidonoyl-diacylglycerol
-
-
?
ATP + 2-monooleoyl-rac-glycerol
ADP + 2-monooleoyl-rac-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
10.7% of the activity with 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol
-
-
?
ATP + rac-1,2-dioleoylglycerol
ADP + rac-1,2-dioleoylglycerol 3-phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + sn-1,2-dihexanoylglycerol
ADP + sn-1,2-dihexanoylglycerol 3-phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + sn-1,2-dioctanoylglycerol
ADP + sn-1,2-dioctanoylglycerol 3-phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + sn-1,3-dioleoylglycerol
ADP + ?
about 10% of the activity with sn-1,2-dioleoylglycerol
-
-
?
GTP + sn-1,2-dihexanoylglycerol
GDP + sn-1,2-dihexanoylglycerol 3-phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
ITP + sn-1,2-dihexanoylglycerol
IDP + sn-1,2-dihexanoylglycerol 3-phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycerol + GTP
GDP + 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycerol + GTP
GDP + 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
enzyme is more active toward long-chain diacylglycerol compared with short-chain diacylglycerol
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
nuclear DGK-theta is activated in response to alpha-thrombin
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
the enzyme may have an important function in the adult nervous system and muscle and during the development of the embryonic nervous system
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
the enzyme functions to recycle diacylglycerol which is generated largely as a by-product of membrane-derived oligosaccharide biosynthesis
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
enzyme DgkA primarily recognizes diacylglycerol in the glycerol backbone and ester linkages but not the fatty acyl group
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
DGKiota may have important cellular functions in retina and brain
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
the expression of DGKeta2 is suppressed by glucocorticoid in contrast to the marked induction of DGKeta1
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
DGKgamma negatively regulates macrophage differentiation through its catalytic action operating on the cytoskeleton
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
the enzyme plays a role in cellular processes by regulating the intracellular concentration of the second messenger diacylglycerol. DGKeta may play a more general role in regulating cellular diacylglycerol levels
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
DAGKalpha is stimulated vby Src-like kinase-dependent phosphoinositide 3 kinase activation in lymphocytes. In vivo the increase in cellular levels of Src-like kinase-dependent phosphoinositide 3 kinase products is sufficient to induce DAGKalpha activation, allowing DAGKalpha relocation to the intact lymphocyte
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
high level expression of DGKalpha is induced following a signal transmitted through the pre-T-cell-receptor and the protein tyrosine kinase lck. Activity of DGKalpha contributes to survival in CD4+ 8+ double positive thymocytes as pharmacological inhibition of DGK activity results in death of this cell population both in cell suspension and thymic explants. DGKalpha promotes survival in theses thymocytes through a Bcl-regulated pathway
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
the enzyme is involved in resynthesis of phosphatidylinositol by converting a second messenger diacylglycerol to phosphatidic acid
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
the enzyme may regulate the intracellular concentration of diacylglycerol
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
DGK-Ialpha is involved in IL-2-mediated lymphocyte proliferation
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
the 80000 Da and the 150000 Da enzyme form do not possess specificity towards diacylglycerol molecular species
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacylglycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacylglycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacylglycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
-
i.e. phosphatidic acid
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacylglycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
i.e. phosphatidic acid
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacylglycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
-
1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate is phosphatidic acid
-
ir
ATP + 1,2-diacylglycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
the enzyme binds and regulates signalling proteins which are activated by either diacylglycerol or phosphatidic acid
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacylglycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacylglycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
-
i.e. phosphatidic acid
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacylglycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
-
1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate is phosphatidic acid
-
ir
ATP + 1,2-diacylglycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
the enzyme binds and regulates signalling proteins which are activated by either diacylglycerol or phosphatidic acid, isozyme dgk-1 regulates diacylglycerol signalling required for acetylcholine release
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacylglycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacylglycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacylglycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
-
i.e. phosphatidic acid
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacylglycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
-
1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate is phosphatidic acid
-
ir
ATP + 1,2-diacylglycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
the enzyme binds and regulates signalling proteins which are activated by either diacylglycerol or phosphatidic acid
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacylglycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacylglycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
-
i.e. phosphatidic acid
-
r
ATP + 1,2-diacylglycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacylglycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacylglycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
-
i.e. phosphatidic acid
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacylglycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
the enzyme binds and regulates signalling proteins which are activated by either diacylglycerol or phosphatidic acid
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacylglycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
1,2-diacylglycerol is a second messenger
i.e. phosphatidic acid
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacylglycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
-
i.e. phosphatidic acid
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacylglycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
the enzyme binds and regulates signalling proteins which are activated by either diacylglycerol or phosphatidic acid
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacylglycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacylglycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacylglycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacylglycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
-
1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate is phosphatidic acid
-
ir
ATP + 1,2-diacylglycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
DGKepsilon exhibits specificity for diacylglcerol substrates containing an arachidonoyl chain in the sn-2 position
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacylglycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacylglycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacylglycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacylglycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
-
i.e. phosphatidic acid
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacylglycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
second messenger and intermediate in lipid synthesis
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacylglycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
termination of diacylglycerol signaling, isozymes DGKalpha, DGKbeta, and DGKgamma play a pivotal role in development and metabolism of brain
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacylglycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacylglycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
-
1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate is phosphatidic acid
-
ir
ATP + 1,2-diacylglycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
reaction takes place during stimulated phosphatidylinositol turnover
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-dihexanoyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1,2-dihexanoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-dihexanoyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1,2-dihexanoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-dioctanoyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1,2-dioctanoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-dioctanoyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1,2-dioctanoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
preferred substrate
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-dioctanoyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1,2-dioctanoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
preferred substrate
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-dioctanoylglycerol
ADP + 1,2-dioctanoylglycerol 3-phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-dioctanoylglycerol
ADP + 1,2-dioctanoylglycerol 3-phosphate
-
enzyme type I: activity is 149% of the activity with rac-1,2-dioleoylglycerol, enzyme type II: activity is 114% of the activity with rac-1,2-dioleoylglycerol
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
isoform DGKepsilon shows about 7% activity with 0.38 mol% 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycerol compared to 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
about 15fold the rate of 1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycerol phosphorylation, isoforms diacylglycerol kinase alpha, beta, gamma, delta1, delta1, zeta, jota, theta
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-dioleoylglycerol
ADP + 1,2-dioleoylglycerol 3-phospate
-
low activity
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-dioleoylglycerol
ADP + 1,2-dioleoylglycerol 3-phospate
-
modeling of lipid substrate binding, involving residues Arg9, Ser17, Ser98 and Glu69, overview
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
15% of the activity with 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol
-
-
?
ATP + 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
isoform DGKepsilon shows about 90% activity with 0.38 mol% 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol compared to 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol
-
-
?
ATP + 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
enzyme type I: activity is 181% of the activity with rac-1,2-dioleoylglycerol, enzyme type II: activity is 116% of the activity with rac-1,2-dioleoylglycerol
-
-
?
ATP + 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
96.5% of the activity with 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol
-
-
?
ATP + 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
about 80% of the activity with sn-1,2-dioleoylglycerol
-
-
?
ATP + 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
about 80% of the activity with sn-1,2-dioleoylglycerol, DGKksi
-
-
?
ATP + 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
about 60% of the activity with 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol
-
-
?
ATP + 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
-
-
?
ATP + 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
about 110% of the activity with 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycerol
-
-
?
ATP + 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
-
-
?
ATP + 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
108% of the activity with sn-1,2-dioleoylglycerol
-
-
?
ATP + 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
since diacylglycerol kinase is an enzyme of the phosphatidylinositol cycle, its natural substrate could be 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol, thought to be the main diacylglycerol analog generated from phosphoinositide
-
-
?
ATP + 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
preferred substrate of isoform diacylglycerol kinase epsilon
-
-
?
ATP + 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
isoform DGKepsilon shows 100% activity with 0.38 mol% 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol
-
-
?
ATP + 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
in wild-type, ratio of enzymic activity of substrates 1-stearoyl-2-linoleoyl-sn-glycerol to 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol is 0.109
-
-
?
ATP + 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + 1-stearoyl-2-linoleoyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1-stearoyl-2-linoleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + 1-stearoyl-2-linoleoyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1-stearoyl-2-linoleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
-
-
?
ATP + 1-stearoyl-2-linoleoyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1-stearoyl-2-linoleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
in wild-type, ratio of enzymic activity of substrates 1-stearoyl-2-linoleoyl-sn-glycerol to 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol is 0.109
-
-
?
ATP + 2,3-dioleoyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 2,3-diacyl-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate
-
-
-
-
-
ATP + 2,3-dioleoyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 2,3-diacyl-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate
-
-
isoform diacylglycerol kinase alpha 8.5%, zeta, 12%, epsilon 6% of the activity with 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycerol, respectively
-
?
ATP + sn-1,2-dioleoylglycerol
ADP + sn-1,2-dioleoylglycerol 3-phosphate
-
-
-
-
-
ATP + sn-1,2-dioleoylglycerol
ADP + sn-1,2-dioleoylglycerol 3-phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + sn-1,2-dioleoylglycerol
ADP + sn-1,2-dioleoylglycerol 3-phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + sn-1,2-dioleoylglycerol
ADP + sn-1,2-dioleoylglycerol 3-phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + sn-1,2-dioleoylglycerol
ADP + sn-1,2-dioleoylglycerol 3-phosphate
recombinant DGKksi
-
-
?
ATP + sn-1,2-dioleoylglycerol
ADP + sn-1,2-dioleoylglycerol 3-phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + sn-1,2-dioleoylglycerol
ADP + sn-1,2-dioleoylglycerol 3-phosphate
-
enzyme type I: activity is 18% of the activity with rac-1,2-dioleoylglycerol, enzyme type II: activity is 19% of the activity with rac-1,2-dioleoylglycerol
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
complex enzyme regulation, overview, the enzyme is involved in several processes such as cell growth, neuronal transmission, and cytoskeleton remodeling
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
the isozyme DGK2 is involved in cold signal transduction
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the soluble diacylglycerol kinase DgkB is required for lipoteichoic acid production in Bacillus subtilis
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
the soluble diacylglycerol kinase DgkB is required for lipoteichoic acid production in Bacillus subtilis
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
no substrate: monoacylglycerol, ceramide, or undecaprenol
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
no substrate: monoacylglycerol, ceramide, or undecaprenol
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme assays with isolated rod outer segments prepared under room light from retinas obtained from dark-adapted bovine eyes
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
complex enzyme regulation, overview, the enzyme is involved in several processes such as cell growth, neuronal transmission, and cytoskeleton remodeling
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme inhibits neurotransmission to control behaviour by terminating diacylglycerol signaling, probably independent of Galpha0 signaling
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
1-oleoyl-rac-glycerol is a poor substrate
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
DGK-3 affects the resetting of the thermal memory by altering plasticity in the temperature range of AFD synaptic output, without detectably affecting plasticity in the temperature range of AFD temperature sensitivity
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
diacylglycerol kinase gamma interacts with and activates beta2-chimaerin, a Rac-specific GAP, in response to epidermal growth factor
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
complex enzyme regulation, overview, the enzyme is involved in several processes such as cell growth, neuronal transmission, and cytoskeleton remodeling
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
sn-1,3-dioleoylglycerol is not a substrate
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
DgkA also has ATPase activity which is about 25% of its kinase activity
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the isozyme zeta interacts with phosphoinositol phosphate 5-kinase activating it via phosphatidic acid, isozyme theta associates with RhoA, complex enzyme regulation involving alternative splicing, overview, the enzyme is involved in several processes such as cell growth, neuronal transmission, and cytoskeleton remodeling
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
diacylglycerol kinase alpha suppresses tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced apoptosis of human melanoma cells through NF-kappaB activation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
diacylglycerol kinase zeta plays a role in modulation of membrane trafficking. DGKzeta depletion in JURKAT cells accelerates transferrin receptor exit from the endocytic recycling compartment
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme plays a role in the secretion of lethal exosomes bearing Fas ligand during activation-induced cell death of T lymphocytes
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
diacylglycerol kinase alpha is involved in secretion of pro-apoptotic protein Fas ligand by T-lymphocytes via the regulation of the release of lethal exosomes by the exocytic pathway
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
diacylglycerol kinase gamma regulates beta2-chimaerin, a GTPase-activating protein for Rac
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
diacylglycerol kinase zeta is involved in control of vesicle trafficking
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
diacylglycerol kinases are required for anchorage-independent growth in MDA-MB-231 cells
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
2-arachidonoyl glycerol is a very poor substrate for the epsilon isoform of diacylglycerol kinases. 2-Oleoyl glycerol is also a poor substrate for this isoform of diacylglycerol kinases
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
2-arachidonoyl glycerol is a very poor substrate for the epsilon isoform of diacylglycerol kinases. 2-Oleoyl glycerol is also a poor substrate for this isoform of diacylglycerol kinases
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
2-arachidonoyl glycerol is a very poor substrate for the zeta isoforms of diacylglycerol kinases. 2-Oleoyl glycerol is also a poor substrate for this isoform
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
2-arachidonoyl glycerol is a very poor substrate for the zeta isoforms of diacylglycerol kinases. 2-Oleoyl glycerol is also a poor substrate for this isoform
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
alkyl-lysophosphatidic acid can be produced in SKOV-3 cells by diacylglycerol kinase-mediated phosphorylation of 1-O-hexadecyl-sn-2-acetyl glycerol followed by deacetylation of 1-O-hexadecyl-sn-2-acetyl glycerol 3-phosphate. Production of alkyl-lysophosphatidic acid is stimulated by sphingosine and its analogues
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
the cholesterol recognition/interaction amino acid consensus domain adjacent to the lipoxygenase-like motif plays a role in acyl-chain selectivity. Despite the high degree of conservation of the amino acid sequence in this region of the protein, certain mutations result in proteins with higher activity than the wild-type protein. These mutations also result in a selective gain of acyl-chain preferences for diacylglycerols with different acyl-chain profiles. In addition to the lipoxygenase-like motif, adjacent residues also contribute to selectivity for diacylglycerols with specific acyl-chain compositions
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
water does not compete with diacylglycerol as an acceptor of the gamma-phosphate of ATP. Neither with the highly specific substrate, 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol, nor with a less specific substrate, 1-stearoyl-2-linoleoyl-sn-glycerol, is there any evidence for ATP hydrolysis accompanying substrate phosphorylation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
the enzyme also shows 1-monoacylglycerol kinase (1-MGK) and low 2-monoacylglycerol kinase (2-MGK) activities, cf. EC 2.7.1.94
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
the enzyme also shows 1-monoacylglycerol kinase (1-MGK) and low 2-monoacylglycerol kinase (2-MGK) activities, cf. EC 2.7.1.94
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
the enzyme also shows 1-monoacylglycerol kinase (1-MGK) and low 2-monoacylglycerol kinase (2-MGK) activities, cf. EC 2.7.1.94
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
the enzyme also shows 1-monoacylglycerol kinase (1-MGK) and low 2-monoacylglycerol kinase (2-MGK) activities, cf. EC 2.7.1.94
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
the enzyme also shows 1-monoacylglycerol kinase (1-MGK) and low 2-monoacylglycerol kinase (2-MGK) activities, cf. EC 2.7.1.94
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
the enzyme also shows 1-monoacylglycerol kinase (1-MGK) and low 2-monoacylglycerol kinase (2-MGK) activities, cf. EC 2.7.1.94
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
the enzyme also shows 1-monoacylglycerol kinase (1-MGK) and low 2-monoacylglycerol kinase (2-MGK) activities, cf. EC 2.7.1.94
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
the enzyme also shows 1-monoacylglycerol kinase (1-MGK) and low 2-monoacylglycerol kinase (2-MGK) activities, cf. EC 2.7.1.94
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
the enzyme also shows low 1-monoacylglycerol kinase (1-MGK) and low 2-monoacylglycerol kinase (2-MGK) activities, cf. EC 2.7.1.94
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
the enzyme also shows low 1-monoacylglycerol kinase (1-MGK) and low 2-monoacylglycerol kinase (2-MGK) activities, cf. EC 2.7.1.94
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
the enzyme also shows low 1-monoacylglycerol kinase (1-MGK) and low 2-monoacylglycerol kinase (2-MGK) activities, cf. EC 2.7.1.94
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
the enzyme also shows low 1-monoacylglycerol kinase (1-MGK) and low 2-monoacylglycerol kinase (2-MGK) activities, cf. EC 2.7.1.94
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
the enzyme also shows low 1-monoacylglycerol kinase (1-MGK) and low 2-monoacylglycerol kinase (2-MGK) activities, cf. EC 2.7.1.94
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
the enzyme also shows low 1-monoacylglycerol kinase (1-MGK) and low 2-monoacylglycerol kinase (2-MGK) activities, cf. EC 2.7.1.94
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
the enzyme also shows low 1-monoacylglycerol kinase (1-MGK) and low 2-monoacylglycerol kinase (2-MGK) activities, cf. EC 2.7.1.94
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
the enzyme also shows low 1-monoacylglycerol kinase (1-MGK) and low 2-monoacylglycerol kinase (2-MGK) activities, cf. EC 2.7.1.94
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
the enzyme also shows negligible 1-monoacylglycerol kinase (1-MGK) and 2-monoacylglycerol kinase (2-MGK) activities, cf. EC 2.7.1.94
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
the enzyme also shows negligible 1-monoacylglycerol kinase (1-MGK) and 2-monoacylglycerol kinase (2-MGK) activities, cf. EC 2.7.1.94
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
the enzyme also shows negligible 1-monoacylglycerol kinase (1-MGK) and 2-monoacylglycerol kinase (2-MGK) activities, cf. EC 2.7.1.94
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
the enzyme also shows negligible 1-monoacylglycerol kinase (1-MGK) and 2-monoacylglycerol kinase (2-MGK) activities, cf. EC 2.7.1.94
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
the enzyme also shows negligible 1-monoacylglycerol kinase (1-MGK) and 2-monoacylglycerol kinase (2-MGK) activities, cf. EC 2.7.1.94
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
the enzyme also shows negligible 1-monoacylglycerol kinase (1-MGK) and 2-monoacylglycerol kinase (2-MGK) activities, cf. EC 2.7.1.94
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
the enzyme also shows negligible 1-monoacylglycerol kinase (1-MGK) and 2-monoacylglycerol kinase (2-MGK) activities, cf. EC 2.7.1.94
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
the enzyme also shows negligible 1-monoacylglycerol kinase (1-MGK) and 2-monoacylglycerol kinase (2-MGK) activities, cf. EC 2.7.1.94
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
the enzyme also shows negligible 1-monoacylglycerol kinase (1-MGK) and low 2-monoacylglycerol kinase (2-MGK) activities, cf. EC 2.7.1.94
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
the enzyme also shows negligible 1-monoacylglycerol kinase (1-MGK) and low 2-monoacylglycerol kinase (2-MGK) activities, cf. EC 2.7.1.94
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
the enzyme also shows negligible 1-monoacylglycerol kinase (1-MGK) and low 2-monoacylglycerol kinase (2-MGK) activities, cf. EC 2.7.1.94
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
the enzyme also shows negligible 1-monoacylglycerol kinase (1-MGK) and low 2-monoacylglycerol kinase (2-MGK) activities, cf. EC 2.7.1.94
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
the enzyme also shows negligible 1-monoacylglycerol kinase (1-MGK) and low 2-monoacylglycerol kinase (2-MGK) activities, cf. EC 2.7.1.94
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
the enzyme also shows negligible 1-monoacylglycerol kinase (1-MGK) and low 2-monoacylglycerol kinase (2-MGK) activities, cf. EC 2.7.1.94
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
the enzyme also shows negligible 1-monoacylglycerol kinase (1-MGK) and low 2-monoacylglycerol kinase (2-MGK) activities, cf. EC 2.7.1.94
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
the enzyme also shows negligible 1-monoacylglycerol kinase (1-MGK) and low 2-monoacylglycerol kinase (2-MGK) activities, cf. EC 2.7.1.94
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
complex enzyme regulation involving alternative splicing, overview, the enzyme is involved in several processes such as cell growth, neuronal transmission, and cytoskeleton remodeling
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
isozymes DGKzeta, DGKalpha, and DGKepsilon utilize 1-alkyl-2-acyl-glycerols as substrates, addition of cholesterol and/or phosphatidylethanolamine reduce the substrate specificity
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
diacylglycerol kinase delta regulates protein kinase C and epidermal growth factor receptor signaling
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
diacylglycerol kinase zeta regulates microbial recognition and host resistance to Toxoplasma gondii
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
nuclear diacylglycerol kinase-zeta is a negative regulator of cell cycle progression in C2C12 mouse myoblasts
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
T cell anergy is reversed by active Ras and is regulated by diacylglycerol kinase-alpha
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
activation of a Ca2+-independent protein kinase C isozyme by 1,2-diacylglycerol, which is generated by phospholipase Cbeta and phospholipase D activation and inactivated by phosphorylation via diacylglycerol kinase, is responsible for the endothelin-1-induced decreases in Ca2+ transients and cell shortening
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
diacylglycerol kinase zeta and syntrophins play a role at multiple stages of the cell fusion process. Potential link between changes in the lipid content of the membranebilayer and reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton during myoblast fusion
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
diacylglycerol kinase zeta is a key determinant of cell cycle progression and differentiation of C2C12 cells
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
diacylglycerol kinases alpha and zeta synergistically promote T cell maturation in the thymus
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
Rv2252 encodes a diacylglycerol kinase involved in the biosynthesis of phosphatidylinositol mannosides
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
phospholipase C/diacylglycerol kinase-mediated signalling is required for benzothiadiazole-induced oxidative burst and hypersensitive cell death in rice suspension-cultured cells
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
phospholipase C/diacylglycerol kinase-mediated signalling is required for benzothiadiazole-induced oxidative burst and hypersensitive cell death in rice suspension-cultured cells
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme form I and II show a preference for diacylglycerol substrates with saturated acyl chains of 10-12 carbon atoms
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is active in mixed micelles containing octyl glucoside and dioleoylglycerol
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
DGKzeta blocks cardiac hypertrophic programs in response to endothelin-1 in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. DGKzeta blocks cardiac hypertrophy induced by G protein-coupled receptor agonists and pressure overload in vivo. DGKzeta attenuates ventricular remodeling and improves survival after myocardial infarction
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
diacylglycerol kinase is involved in the regulation of oxidative stress-induced intestinal cell injury
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
the enzyme also shows 1-monoacylglycerol kinase (1-MGK) and low 2-monoacylglycerol kinase (2-MGK) activities, cf. EC 2.7.1.94
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
1,2-diacylglycerol embedded in unilamellar dioleoyl-phosphatidylcholine vesicles is not a substrate for DgkB
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
the enzyme also shows 1-monoacylglycerol kinase (1-MGK) and low 2-monoacylglycerol kinase (2-MGK) activities, cf. EC 2.7.1.94
-
-
-
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
NATURAL SUBSTRATES
NATURAL PRODUCTS
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
ATP + 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
since diacylglycerol kinase is an enzyme of the phosphatidylinositol cycle, its natural substrate could be 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol, thought to be the main diacylglycerol analog generated from phosphoinositide
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
nuclear DGK-theta is activated in response to alpha-thrombin
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
Q09103
-
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
Q01583
the enzyme may have an important function in the adult nervous system and muscle and during the development of the embryonic nervous system
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
Q09103
-
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
P0ABN1
-
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
the enzyme functions to recycle diacylglycerol which is generated largely as a by-product of membrane-derived oligosaccharide biosynthesis
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
DGKiota may have important cellular functions in retina and brain
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
Q86XP1
the expression of DGKeta2 is suppressed by glucocorticoid in contrast to the marked induction of DGKeta1
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
DGKgamma negatively regulates macrophage differentiation through its catalytic action operating on the cytoskeleton
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
Q64398
the enzyme plays a role in cellular processes by regulating the intracellular concentration of the second messenger diacylglycerol. DGKeta may play a more general role in regulating cellular diacylglycerol levels
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
Q6P5E8
-
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
DAGKalpha is stimulated vby Src-like kinase-dependent phosphoinositide 3 kinase activation in lymphocytes. In vivo the increase in cellular levels of Src-like kinase-dependent phosphoinositide 3 kinase products is sufficient to induce DAGKalpha activation, allowing DAGKalpha relocation to the intact lymphocyte
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
high level expression of DGKalpha is induced following a signal transmitted through the pre-T-cell-receptor and the protein tyrosine kinase lck. Activity of DGKalpha contributes to survival in CD4+ 8+ double positive thymocytes as pharmacological inhibition of DGK activity results in death of this cell population both in cell suspension and thymic explants. DGKalpha promotes survival in theses thymocytes through a Bcl-regulated pathway
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
the enzyme is involved in resynthesis of phosphatidylinositol by converting a second messenger diacylglycerol to phosphatidic acid
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
the enzyme may regulate the intracellular concentration of diacylglycerol
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
DGK-Ialpha is involved in IL-2-mediated lymphocyte proliferation
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
the 80000 Da and the 150000 Da enzyme form do not possess specificity towards diacylglycerol molecular species
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacylglycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
Q9FFN7
-
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacylglycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
the enzyme binds and regulates signalling proteins which are activated by either diacylglycerol or phosphatidic acid
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacylglycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacylglycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
the enzyme binds and regulates signalling proteins which are activated by either diacylglycerol or phosphatidic acid, isozyme dgk-1 regulates diacylglycerol signalling required for acetylcholine release
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacylglycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacylglycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacylglycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
the enzyme binds and regulates signalling proteins which are activated by either diacylglycerol or phosphatidic acid
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacylglycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
P0ABN1
-
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacylglycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacylglycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
the enzyme binds and regulates signalling proteins which are activated by either diacylglycerol or phosphatidic acid
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacylglycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
the enzyme binds and regulates signalling proteins which are activated by either diacylglycerol or phosphatidic acid
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacylglycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
second messenger and intermediate in lipid synthesis
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacylglycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
termination of diacylglycerol signaling, isozymes DGKalpha, DGKbeta, and DGKgamma play a pivotal role in development and metabolism of brain
-
-
?
ATP + 1,2-diacylglycerol
ADP + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
-
reaction takes place during stimulated phosphatidylinositol turnover
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
complex enzyme regulation, overview, the enzyme is involved in several processes such as cell growth, neuronal transmission, and cytoskeleton remodeling
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q9FFN7
the isozyme DGK2 is involved in cold signal transduction
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the soluble diacylglycerol kinase DgkB is required for lipoteichoic acid production in Bacillus subtilis
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
P19638
the soluble diacylglycerol kinase DgkB is required for lipoteichoic acid production in Bacillus subtilis
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
complex enzyme regulation, overview, the enzyme is involved in several processes such as cell growth, neuronal transmission, and cytoskeleton remodeling
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme inhibits neurotransmission to control behaviour by terminating diacylglycerol signaling, probably independent of Galpha0 signaling
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
DGK-3 affects the resetting of the thermal memory by altering plasticity in the temperature range of AFD synaptic output, without detectably affecting plasticity in the temperature range of AFD temperature sensitivity
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
diacylglycerol kinase gamma interacts with and activates beta2-chimaerin, a Rac-specific GAP, in response to epidermal growth factor
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
complex enzyme regulation, overview, the enzyme is involved in several processes such as cell growth, neuronal transmission, and cytoskeleton remodeling
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the isozyme zeta interacts with phosphoinositol phosphate 5-kinase activating it via phosphatidic acid, isozyme theta associates with RhoA, complex enzyme regulation involving alternative splicing, overview, the enzyme is involved in several processes such as cell growth, neuronal transmission, and cytoskeleton remodeling
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
P23743
diacylglycerol kinase alpha suppresses tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced apoptosis of human melanoma cells through NF-kappaB activation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
diacylglycerol kinase zeta plays a role in modulation of membrane trafficking. DGKzeta depletion in JURKAT cells accelerates transferrin receptor exit from the endocytic recycling compartment
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme plays a role in the secretion of lethal exosomes bearing Fas ligand during activation-induced cell death of T lymphocytes
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
diacylglycerol kinase alpha is involved in secretion of pro-apoptotic protein Fas ligand by T-lymphocytes via the regulation of the release of lethal exosomes by the exocytic pathway
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
P49619
diacylglycerol kinase gamma regulates beta2-chimaerin, a GTPase-activating protein for Rac
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
diacylglycerol kinase zeta is involved in control of vesicle trafficking
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
diacylglycerol kinases are required for anchorage-independent growth in MDA-MB-231 cells
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
complex enzyme regulation involving alternative splicing, overview, the enzyme is involved in several processes such as cell growth, neuronal transmission, and cytoskeleton remodeling
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
diacylglycerol kinase delta regulates protein kinase C and epidermal growth factor receptor signaling
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q80UP3
diacylglycerol kinase zeta regulates microbial recognition and host resistance to Toxoplasma gondii
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q80UP3
nuclear diacylglycerol kinase-zeta is a negative regulator of cell cycle progression in C2C12 mouse myoblasts
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
T cell anergy is reversed by active Ras and is regulated by diacylglycerol kinase-alpha
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
activation of a Ca2+-independent protein kinase C isozyme by 1,2-diacylglycerol, which is generated by phospholipase Cbeta and phospholipase D activation and inactivated by phosphorylation via diacylglycerol kinase, is responsible for the endothelin-1-induced decreases in Ca2+ transients and cell shortening
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
diacylglycerol kinase zeta and syntrophins play a role at multiple stages of the cell fusion process. Potential link between changes in the lipid content of the membranebilayer and reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton during myoblast fusion
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q80UP3
diacylglycerol kinase zeta is a key determinant of cell cycle progression and differentiation of C2C12 cells
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
diacylglycerol kinases alpha and zeta synergistically promote T cell maturation in the thymus
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
Rv2252 encodes a diacylglycerol kinase involved in the biosynthesis of phosphatidylinositol mannosides
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
phospholipase C/diacylglycerol kinase-mediated signalling is required for benzothiadiazole-induced oxidative burst and hypersensitive cell death in rice suspension-cultured cells
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q307R0
phospholipase C/diacylglycerol kinase-mediated signalling is required for benzothiadiazole-induced oxidative burst and hypersensitive cell death in rice suspension-cultured cells
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
DGKzeta blocks cardiac hypertrophic programs in response to endothelin-1 in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. DGKzeta blocks cardiac hypertrophy induced by G protein-coupled receptor agonists and pressure overload in vivo. DGKzeta attenuates ventricular remodeling and improves survival after myocardial infarction
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
diacylglycerol kinase is involved in the regulation of oxidative stress-induced intestinal cell injury
-
-
-
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COFACTOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
ATP
-
the binding sequence contains the GXGXXG motif essential for activity
ATP
-
-
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METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
Ca2+
Cd2+
Co2+
Mg2+
Mn2+
Zinc
Zn2+
additional information
Ca2+
-
absolute requirement for a divalent ion. Mg2+ is more effective than Mn2+ or Ca2+
Ca2+
-
activity is independent of Ca2+, dissociation constant is 0.00044 mM, hydrophobic region of the enzyme is masked by addition of Ca2+; enzyme can bind approximately 2 mol of Ca2+ per mol
Ca2+
-
DGK I: good activator, DGK IV: activation with 1 mM CaCl2 is comparable to that obtained on presence of MgCl2
Ca2+
-
activity is independent of Ca2+, dissociation constant is 0.00089 mM, binding of Ca2+ results in exposure of hydrophobic amino acids; enzyme can bind approximately 2 mol of Ca2+ per mol
Ca2+
-
2 mol of Ca2+ per mol of enzyme. Ca2+ plus phosphatidylserine markedly activates by reducing the Km value for ATP
Ca2+
-
enzyme can bind approximately 2 mol of Ca2+ per mol; enzyme requires Ca2+, dissociation constant is 0.0099 mM, hydrophobic region of the enzyme is masked by addition of Ca2+
Cd2+
-
enzyme requires a free divalent metal cation: Mg2+, Mn2+, Co2+, Cd2+ or Zn2+
Cd2+
-
when Mg2+ is excluded from the assay, Cd2+ supports activity to lesser extent
Co2+
-
enzyme requires a free divalent metal cation: Mg2+, Mn2+, Co2+, Cd2+ or Zn2+
Co2+
-
when Mg2+ is excluded from the assay, Co2+ supports activity to lesser extent
Mg2+
-
divalent cation is required for activity. Mg2+ is most effective, maximal activation at about 10 mM
Mg2+
-
enzyme requires a free divalent metal cation: Mg2+, Mn2+, Co2+, Cd2+ or Zn2+
Mg2+
-
absolute requirement for a divalent ion. Mg2+ is more effective than Mn2+ or Ca2+. 50% stimulation by 0.4 mM Mg2+, maximal activity at 5-40 mM
Mg2+
-
required, optimal activity at 2.5 mM for DGK-I, 5.0 mM for DGK-II and 10.0 mM for DGK-III
Mg2+
required; required; required; required; required; required; required; required
Mg2+
required, activates. Phosphatidylserine concentrates Mg2+ ions at the interface
Mg2+
-
DGK I: maximal activation at 20 mM. DGK IV: maximal activation at 5 mM
Mg2+
-
required, optimal activity of microsomal enzyme at 2 mM, optimal activity of soluble enzyme at 10 mM
Mg2+
-
structure reveals a Mg2+ site and an associated Asp-water-Mg2+ network
Mg2+
-
required for activity, interfacial binding of DgkB requires a Mg2+-dependent conformational change
Mg2+
-
required, maximal activity at 3 mM MgCl2, half-maximal activity at around 1 mM
Mn2+
-
enzyme requires a free divalent metal cation: Mg2+, Mn2+, Co2+, Cd2+ or Zn2+. Ka for Mg2+ is 3.4 mM
Mn2+
-
absolute requirement for a divalent ion. Mg2+ is more effective than Mn2+ or Ca2+. Mn2+ is more effective on the enzyme from microtubule than on the enzyme from supernatant
Mn2+
-
DGK I: activation is not so great as with MgCl2. Maximal stimulation at 0.1 mM. DGK IV: activation is 10fold less than with MgCl2
Mn2+
-
when Mg2+ is excluded from the assay, Mn2+ supports activity to lesser extent
Zinc
-
the sterile alpha motif domain of diacylglycerol kinase delta binds zinc at multiple sites, driving the organization of the enzyme into large sheets of polymers. A mutant enzyme containing a sterile alpha motif domain refractory to zinc binding diminishes the formation of cytoplasmic puncta, shows partially impaired regulation of transport to the plasma membrane, and lacks the ability to inhibit the formation of CopII coated vesicles
Zn2+
-
enzyme requires a free divalent metal cation: Mg2+, Mn2+, Co2+, Cd2+ or Zn2+
Zn2+
zinc can play a non-catalytic role in DGK regulation. Pre-incubation of DGK-theta with 0.1 mM zinc ions inhibits the enzyme at pH 6.0-7.5
Zn2+
-
when Mg2+ is excluded from the assay, Zn2+ supports activity to lesser extent
additional information
-
effects of liposome composition on substrate specificity and catalytic activity level of the isozymes
additional information
-
neither Ca2+, Mn2+, nor Zn2+ is able to effectively replace Mg2+, although Ca2+ and Mn2+ support a few percent activity
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INHIBITORS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
1,2-diarachidonoyl phosphatidic acid
-
about 55% relative activity in the presence of 1.5 mol%
1-arachidoyl-2-arachidonoyl phosphatidic acid
-
about 70% relative activity in the presence of 1.5 mol%
1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl phosphatidic acid
-
about 50% relative activity in the presence of 1.5 mol%
1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl phosphatidic acid
-
about 48% relative activity in the presence of 1.5 mol%
1-stearoyl-2-oleoyl phosphatidic acid
-
about 70% relative activity in the presence of 1.5 mol%
2,3-dioleoylglycerol
-
uncompetitive inhibition of isoforms diacylglycerol kinase alpha and zeta, no inhibition of isoform epsilon. Binds to a site on the alpha and zeta isoforms that is exposed as a consequence of the substrate binding to the active site, the chiral specificity of the isoforms thus mimicks the substrate specificity
2-arachidonoyl glycerol
inhibitor for both of the epsilon or the zeta isoforms of diacylglycerol kinase; inhibitor for both of the epsilon or the zeta isoforms of diacylglycerol kinase
2-oleoyl glycerol
inhibits diacylglycerol kinase epsilon less than does 2-arachidonoyl glycerol; shows similar inhibitory potency for diacylglycerol kinase zeta as 2-arachidonoyl glycerol
alpha-thrombin
-
apparent binding parameters of diacylglycerol kinase theta increase following alpha-thrombin stimulation
-
antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody
-
selective activation of diacylglycerol kinase
-
phorbol ester
-
activation of protein kinase C which inhibits diacylglycerol kinase epsilon binding to retinoblastoma protein. Mimicking of protein kinase C phosphorylation of serine residues by S/D mutations but not S/N mutations within the MARCKS phosphorylation site domain also prevents binding to retinoblastoma protein
phorbol myristate acetate
-
induces the interaction of diacylglycerol kinase gamma with beta2-chimaerin. Simultaneous addition of H2O2 and phorbol myristate acetate synergistically enhances the interaction with concomitant translocation of beta2-chimaerin from cytoplasm to the plasma membrane
phosphatidylinositol
-
2.5 mol% results in 50% inhibition of the phosphatidylcholine-dependent kinase activity
phosphatidylinositol-(4,5)-bisphosphate
potent inhibitor; potent inhibitor
RhoA
-
V14-RhoA, strong binding to the C-terminal catalytic domain, negative regulation
thrombin
-
stimulation results in an increase in the apparent KM of DGKtheta at low concentrations of substrate dioleoylglycerol. Increasing the bulk concentration of dioleoylglycerol returns the apparent KM to the basal value
-
H2O2
-
induces the interaction of diacylglycerol kinase gamma with beta2-chimaerin. Simultaneous addition of H2O2 and phorbol myristate acetate synergistically enhances the interaction with concomitant translocation of beta2-chimaerin from cytoplasm to the plasma membrane
H2O2
-
endogenous nuclear diacylglycerol kinase zeta rapidly translocates to the cytoplasm following H2O2 treatment
R59022
-
inhibits DGK-II and to a lesser extent DGK-III, but little affects DGK-I
R59022
-
specifc inhibitor of diacylglycerol kinase. Treatment significantly increases glucose transport, p38 and MKK3/6 activation in myotubes. The R59022-induced glucose transport is blocked by SB203580, a specific p38 inhibitor. R59022 fails to stimulate both possible known mechanisms to enhance glucose transport, an IRS1-PI3K-Akt pathway, muscle contraction signaling or GLUT1 and GLUT4 expression
R59022
is an effective inhibitor of purified DGK-theta in vitro and in vivo
R59022
-
inhibition of diacylglycerol kinase decreases H2O2-induced RIE-1 cell apoptosis
R59022
-
decrease in total diacylglycerol kinase activity and increases in diacylglycerol levels upon incubation of skeletal muscle, with parallel increase in protein kinase C activity and isoform-specific phosphorylation of protein kinase Cdelta. Diacylglycerol kinase inhibition also reduces insulin-stimulated glucose transport
R59949
-
specific inhibition of diacylglycerol kinase alpha. Inhibition impairs impairs hepatocyte growth factor- and v-Src-induced cell scatter and migration, without affecting the loss of intercellular adhesions, impairs hepatocyre growth factor-induced cell spreading, lamellipodia formation, membrane ruffling, and focal adhesions remodeling and impairs hepatocyte growth factor-induced Rac activation and membrane targeting
R59949
-
pre-treatment increases both carbamoylcholine-induced and phytohemagglutinin-induced apoptosis due to an increase in the release of exosomes bearing non-processed pro-apoptotic protein FasL
R59949
is an effective inhibitor of purified DGK-theta in vitro and in vivo
R59949
-
decrease in total diacylglycerol kinase activity and increases in diacylglycerol levels upon incubation of skeletal muscle, with parallel increase in protein kinase C activity and isoform-specific phosphorylation of protein kinase Cdelta. Diacylglycerol kinase inhibition also reduces insulin-stimulated glucose transport
R59949
-
inhibition of diacylglycerol kinase activity accompanied by increased protein kinase Calpha activity, reduced glucose-induced insulin receptor activation, and GLUT4 translocation. Inhibition of decrease in the intracellular levels of diacylglycerol upon exposure of L6 cells to glucose
Triton X-100
-
extremely inhibitory to the 80000 Da enzyme and the 150000 Da enzyme form
additional information
isozyme DGK2 activity is affected by salts and detergents, no inhibition by Ca2+
-
additional information
-
no inhibition of activity of isozyme DAGKepsilon with 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoylglycerol by R59022, a type I DAGK inhibitor
-
additional information
-
addition of cholesterol and/or phosphatidylethanolamine reduce the substrate specificity
-
additional information
no inhibition by ATP, ADP, sodium pyrophosphate, and beta-glycerophosphate
-
additional information
-
no inhibition by R59022, a type I DAGK inhibitor
-
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ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
(S)-2-amino-2-((S)-6-octyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl)propan-1-ol
-
analogue of FTY720, 0.01 mM increase phosphorylation of 1-O-hexadecyl-sn-2-acetyl glycerol by isoform diacylglycerol kinase alpha about 3.5fold.
4beta-phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate
enhances voltage-dependent opening of wild-type and cAMP/H+-uncoupled hyperpolarization activated, cyclic nucleotide-regulated channels. 4beta-Phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate exerts its effects on channel gating via sequential activation ofprotein kinase C and diacylglycerol kinase coupled with upregulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and phospholipase A2
benzothiadiazole
-
activation of the expression of diacylglycerol kinase OsDAGK1
D-glucose
-
exposure of L6 cell myotubes overexpressing human insulin receptors to 25 mM glucose for 5 min decreases the intracellular levels of diacylglycerol, paralleled by transient activation of diacylglycerol kinase and of insulin receptor signaling. Following 30-min exposure, both diacylglycerol levels and diacylglycerol kinase activity return close to basal levels. Glucose exposure redistributes diacylglycerol kinase isoforms alpha and delta, from the prevalent cytosolic localization to the plasma membrane fraction
diacylglycerol 3-phosphate
-
the enzyme apoprotein is attributed to a novel feedback activation involving diacylglycerol 3-phosphate
endothelin-1
-
activates diacylglycerol kinase in caveolae/rafts and noncaveolae/rafts of mesenteric arteries. Activation does not depend on phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. In response to norepinephrin, but not to epithelin-1, protein kinase PKB translocates to caveolae/rafts
FTY720
-
in presence of 0.01 mM FTY720, phosphorylation of 1-O-hexadecyl-sn-2-acetyl glycerol by isoforms diacylglycerol kinase alpha, beta or gamma is 3fold increased
H2O2
-
endogenous nuclear diacylglycerol kinase zeta rapidly translocates to the cytoplasm following H2O2 treatment
hepatocyte growth factor
-
induces diaclyglycerol kinase activity, which is required for cell invasiveness
-
Lipid
-
purified enzyme is completely inactive unless a lipid is added to the assay buffer containing Triton X-100
lysophosphatidylcholine
-
activation of phospholipids in the order of decreasing efficiency: phosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, sphingomyelin
norepinephrine
-
stimulates an increase in diacylglycerol kinase activity in caveolae/rafts of mesenteric arteries. Activation depends on phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. In response to norepinephrin, but not to epithelin-1, protein kinase PKB translocates to caveolae/rafts
phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate
diacylglycerol kinase zeta activity at the T cell receptor is enhanced by phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate cotreatment
sphingomyelin
-
activation of phospholipids in the order of decreasing efficiency: phosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, sphingomyelin
cholesterol
-
DGKalpha can be activated in vitro in a Ca2+-independent manner by lipids such cholesterol
cholesterol
DGKalpha can be activated in vitro in a Ca2+-independent manner by lipids such cholesterol
deoxycholate
-
purified enzyme is completely devoid of activity without addition of phospholipid or deoxycholate
deoxycholate
-
the enzyme shows optimal activity in presence of phosphatidylserine or deoxycholate. Lower activity in presence of phosphatidylcholine. Diacylglycerol analogs containing an unsaturated fatty acid at the sn-2 position give optimal enzyme activity irrespective of the presence of deoxycholate
deoxycholate
-
enhances activity of enzyme form DGK-II and DGK-III, enzyme form DGK-I is not much affected
phosphatidic acid
-
more effective activator than phosphatidylserine. Phosphatidic acid decreases the apparent surface KM of DGKtheta for dioleoylglycerol and promotes binding to vesicles in a dose-dependent manner; phosphatidic acid is more effective than phosphatidiylserine. Both decreases the apparent surface KM value for dioleoylglycerol and promote binding to vesicles, but through different mechanisms
phosphatidic acid
-
production of oxidative burst and hypersensitive cell death. Activation of the epxression of diacylglycerol kinase and transcritional factor gene OsBIERF3. Neomycin partially inhibits the poduction of oxidatve burst, hypersensitive cell death, and expression of both genes
phosphatidylcholine
-
the enzyme shows optimal activity in presence of phosphatidylserine or deoxycholate. Lower activity in presence of phosphatidylcholine
phosphatidylcholine
-
moderate enhancement of DGK IV, no effect on DGK I activity
phosphatidylcholine
-
enzyme type II has a preference for phosphatidylcholine as cofactor, enzyme type I can utilize both phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylinositol, but has a lower preference for phosphatidylcholine
phosphatidylcholine
-
activation of phospholipids in the order of decreasing efficiency: phosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, sphingomyelin
phosphatidylethanolamine
-
DGKalpha can be activated in vitro in a Ca2+-independent manner by lipids such as phosphatidylethanolamine
phosphatidylethanolamine
DGKalpha can be activated in vitro in a Ca2+-independent manner by lipids such as phosphatidylethanolamine
phosphatidylethanolamine
-
activation of phospholipids in the order of decreasing efficiency: phosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, sphingomyelin
phosphatidylinositol
-
enzyme type II has a preference for phosphatidylcholine as cofactor, enzyme type I can utilize both phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylinositol, but has a lower preference for phosphatidylcholine
phosphatidylserine
-
the enzyme shows optimal activity in presence of phosphatidylserine or deoxycholate. Lower activity in presence of phosphatidylcholine
phosphatidylserine
-
less effective activator than phosphatidic acid. Phosphatidylserine decreases the apparent surface KM of DGKtheta for dioleoylglycerol; phosphatidic acid is more effective than phosphatidiylserine. Both decreases the apparent surface KM value for dioleoylglycerol and promote binding to vesicles, but through different mechanisms
phosphatidylserine
broadens the pH-dependent activity when the enzyme is assayed in cytosolic extracts. Phosphatidylserineconcentrates Mg2+ ions at the interface
phosphatidylserine
-
enzyme type II has a preference for phosphatidylcholine as cofactor, enzyme type I can utilize both phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylinositol, but has a lower preference for phosphatidylcholine
phosphatidylserine
-
activation of phospholipids in the order of decreasing efficiency: phosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, sphingomyelin
phosphatidylserine
-
10-20 mol% result in 7.5-7.8fold activation of the recombinant wild-type enzyme, 3.8fold of the recombinant mutant DELTA196, and 6.5fold of the recombinant mutant DELTA332
Phospholipid
-
purified enzyme is completely devoid of activity without addition of phospholipid or deoxycholate
Phospholipid
-
a combination of diacylglycerol and phospholipid exclusively leads to full activation
Phospholipid
-
activation by phospholipid is not stereospecific and is mimicked partially by fatty acids
Phospholipid
-
enhances activity. Activation of phospholipids in the order of decreasing efficiency: phosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, sphingomyelin
sphingosine
-
in presence of 0.01 mM sphingosine, phosphorylation of 1-O-hexadecyl-sn-2-acetyl glycerol by isoforms diacylglycerol kinase alpha, beta or gamma is 7-9fold increased
additional information
the isozyme DGK2 is induced by exposure to low temperatures, e.g. 4°C
-
additional information
-
DGKzeta interacts with and is regulated by the retinoblastoma protein
-
additional information
isozyme DGK-teta is dependent on an activating accessory protein containing a poly-basic region, the broadening of the pH profile of DGK-theta is also dependent on a PBR-containing activator
-
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KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.125
ATP
-
pH 7.4, 30°C, in presence of 1,2-dioleoylglycerol, enzyme form DGK I
0.25
ATP
-
pH 7.4, 30°C, in presence of 1,2-dioleoylglycerol, enzyme form DGK IV
additional information
additional information
-
Km for dioleoylglycerol is 0.92 mol%
-
additional information
additional information
-
in presence of Triton X-100, used for purification, a biphasic dependency upon diacylglycerol is observed and the apparent Michaelis constant values for diacylglycerol decreases with decreasing Triton concentration
-
additional information
additional information
-
Km-values are 0.92 mol% for dioleoylglycerol and 3.6 mol% for dioctanoylglycerol
-
additional information
additional information
-
kinetics, recombinant wild-type and mutant enzymes
-
additional information
additional information
-
Km values of isozymes DGKzeta, DGKepsilon, and DGKalpha with different substrates in mol%
-
additional information
additional information
-
kinetics, follow a Michaelis-Menten mechanism in case of medium-chain diacylglycerols, and are strongly dependent on detergent concentration and sort used in the micelles in the assay in case of longer-chain substrates showing sigmoidal kinetics, overview
-
additional information
additional information
-
turnover numbers of full-length DGKepsilon with a C-terminal His tag, full-length FLAG-DGKepsilon and truncated FLAG-DGKepsilon
-
additional information
additional information
-
KMapp for substrate 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycerol is 0.9 mol% in presence of 1% phosphatidic acid, 0.6 mol% in presence of 9% phosphatidylserine, and 8.0 mol% without additive
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additional information
additional information
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Km-value in mol% for wild-type 9.2, mutant C46A/C113A 4.9, mutant C46A/C113A/E28C 5.7, mutant C46A/C113A/A29C 7.4, mutant C46A/C113AA30C 27.2, mutant C46A/C113A/F31C 17.2, mutant C46A/C113A/R32C 12.9, mutant C46A/C113A/Q33C 12.1, mutant C46A/C113A/E34C 13.7
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additional information
additional information
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Km value in mol% for substrate 1,2-dioleoylglycerol is 0.8 for isoform alpha, 0.52 for isoform zeta, pH 7.2, 30°C
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additional information
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Km value for wild-type is 0.59 mol%, for mutant P32A 0.13 mol%, using substrate 1-stearoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycerol
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Km value of wild-type, 2.35, mutant Y451, 2.07, mutant R457Q, 1.71 mol% 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol, respectively, pH 7.2, 22°C
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TURNOVER NUMBER [1/s]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.032
1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycerol
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wild-type protein with C-terminal His-tag, pH 7.2, 25°C
2.43
1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycerol
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N-terminally trucated protein, FLAG-tag, pH 7.2, 25°C
0.162
1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol
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wild-type protein with C-terminal His-tag, pH 7.2, 25°C
1.7
1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol
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wild-type protein, FLAG-tag, pH 7.2, 25°C
5.7
1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol
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N-terminally trucated protein, FLAG-tag, pH 7.2, 25°C
0.087
1-stearoyl-2-linoleoyl-sn-glycerol
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wild-type protein with C-terminal His-tag, pH 7.2, 25°C
1.23
1-stearoyl-2-linoleoyl-sn-glycerol
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wild-type protein, FLAG-tag, pH 7.2, 25°C
2.8
1-stearoyl-2-linoleoyl-sn-glycerol
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N-terminally trucated protein, FLAG-tag, pH 7.2, 25°C
additional information
additional information
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turnover numbers of full-length DGKepsilon with a C-terminal His tag, full-length FLAG-DGKepsilon and truncated FLAG-DGKepsilon
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Ki VALUE [mM]
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
additional information
additional information
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Ki-value for adenosine 5'-tetraphosphoryl-3-O-(1,2-dihexanoyl)-sn-glycerol is 0.036 mol%
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additional information
additional information
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Ki value in mol% for inhibitor 2,3-dioleoylglycerol is 1.7 for isoform alpha, 1.07 for isoform zeta, pH 7.2, 30°C
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SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
0.00001
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recombinant MBP-fusion enzyme in recombinant insect cell extract, substrate 1-oleoyl-rac-glycerol
0.0002 - 0.018
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substrate specificity and catalytic activity level of the isozymes at different liposome compositions
0.0004
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mutant enzyme D271A, specific activity is less than 0.0004 micromol/min/mg, in 50 mM HEPES, pH 7.4, 150 mM LiCl, 10 mM MgCl2, 5 mM ATP, and lipid vesicles; mutant enzyme D68A, specific activity is less than 0.0004 micromol/min/mg, in 50 mM HEPES, pH 7.4, 150 mM LiCl, 10 mM MgCl2, 5 mM ATP, and lipid vesicles; mutant enzyme E273A, specific activity is less than 0.0004 micromol/min/mg, in 50 mM HEPES, pH 7.4, 150 mM LiCl, 10 mM MgCl2, 5 mM ATP, and lipid vesicles