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Information on EC 2.5.1.91 - all-trans-decaprenyl-diphosphate synthase
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EC Tree
2.5.1.91 all-trans-decaprenyl-diphosphate synthaseIUBMB Comments
This enzyme catalyses the condensation reactions resulting in the formation of all-trans-decaprenyl diphosphate, the isoprenoid side chain of ubiquinone-10 and menaquinone-10. The enzyme adds seven isopentenyl diphosphate molecules sequentially to farnesyl diphosphate with trans stereochemistry.
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Word Map
- 2.5.1.91
-
decaprenylation
- synthesis
-
octaprenyl
-
isoprenoid
-
rhodobacter
-
cosmetic
-
solanesyl
- suboxydans
-
sphingomonas
-
geranyl
-
fed-batch
- mevalonate
- synthases
-
gluconobacter
-
schizosaccharomyces
- pombe
- sphaeroides
-
heteromer
- tumefaciens
-
allyl
-
agrobacterium
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Bacteria, Eukaryota
Reaction Schemes
Synonyms
rsdds, decaprenyl diphosphate synthase gene, ddsa protein, d-less polyprenyl diphosphate synthase, decaprenyl-pp synthase, 
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SYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
ddsa
decaprenyl diphosphate synthase
decaprenyl diphosphate synthase gene
Dps
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + 7 isopentenyl diphosphate = 7 diphosphate + all-trans-decaprenyl diphosphate
-
-
-
-
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
(2E,6E)-farnesyl-diphosphate:isopentenyl-diphosphate farnesyltranstransferase (adding 7 isopentenyl units)
This enzyme catalyses the condensation reactions resulting in the formation of all-trans-decaprenyl diphosphate, the isoprenoid side chain of ubiquinone-10 and menaquinone-10. The enzyme adds seven isopentenyl diphosphate molecules sequentially to farnesyl diphosphate with trans stereochemistry.
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + 7 isopentenyl diphosphate
7 diphosphate + all-trans-decaprenyl diphosphate
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + 7 isopentenyl diphosphate
7 diphosphate + decaprenyl diphosphate
(2E,6E,10E)-geranylgeranyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
diphosphate + octaprenyl diphosphate
-
-
plus, in decreasing order, nonaprenyl diphosphate, decaprenyl diphosphate, and heptaprenyl diphosphate
-
?
(2E,6Z)-farnesyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
diphosphate + decaprenyl diphosphate
-
highest catalytic efficiency
plus smaller amounts of intermediiates with shorter chain length
-
?
all-E-geranylgeranyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
diphosphate + all-trans-decaprenyl diphosphate
-
74% of the activity with (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate
plus minor amounts of undecaprenyl diphosphate
-
?
dimethyl allyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
diphosphate + ?
-
-
-
?
geranyl diphosphate + 6 isopentenyl diphosphate
diphosphate + all-trans-decaprenyl diphosphate
-
95% of the activity with E,E-farnesyl diphosphate
the relative amount of C50 and C55 products, i.e. decaprenyl diphosphate and undecaprenyl diphosphate, changes depending on the concentration of Mg2+. The ratio of the C50 and C55 product formed at 1 mM Mg2+ is 23:1
-
?
geranyl diphosphate + 8 isopentenyl diphosphate
8 diphosphate + all-trans-decaprenyl diphosphate
geranyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
diphosphate + all-trans-decaprenyl diphosphate
-
-
-
-
?
geranyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
diphosphate + decaprenyl diphosphate
-
-
plus some farnesyl diphosphate
-
?
geranylgeranyl diphosphate + 6 isopentenyl diphosphate
6 diphosphate + all-trans-decaprenyl diphosphate
neryl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
diphosphate + nonaprenyl diphosphate
-
-
plus some farnesyl diphosphate
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + 7 isopentenyl diphosphate
7 diphosphate + all-trans-decaprenyl diphosphate
-
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + 7 isopentenyl diphosphate
7 diphosphate + all-trans-decaprenyl diphosphate
a major intermediate product (GGPP) is produced during the consecutive condensation reaction starting from FPP and IPP, leading to the formation of the final product (DPP) by adding six more IPPs. The two-major step catalytic mechanism might be a biochemical feature of insect DPPSs
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + 7 isopentenyl diphosphate
7 diphosphate + all-trans-decaprenyl diphosphate
best substrate
high product specificity for decaprenyl synthesis
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + 7 isopentenyl diphosphate
7 diphosphate + all-trans-decaprenyl diphosphate
compared with other priming substrates examined (geranyl diphosphate, geranylgeranyl diphosphate), farnesyl diphosphate results in the highest values for the reaction rate and kcat/KM. Dimethylallyl diphosphate is not a suitable substrate
decaprenyl diphosphate is the major product, other prenyl diphosphates comprise only minor components
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + 7 isopentenyl diphosphate
7 diphosphate + all-trans-decaprenyl diphosphate
-
high product specificity for decaprenyl synthesis
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + 7 isopentenyl diphosphate
7 diphosphate + all-trans-decaprenyl diphosphate
key enzyme in synthesis of the decaprenyl tail in coenzyme Q10
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + 7 isopentenyl diphosphate
7 diphosphate + all-trans-decaprenyl diphosphate
the enzyme catalyzes the consecutive condensation of isopentenyl diphosphate with allylic diphosphates to produce decaprenyl diphosphate, which is used for the side chain of ubiquinone Q10
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + 7 isopentenyl diphosphate
7 diphosphate + all-trans-decaprenyl diphosphate
-
-
plus minor amounts of undecaprenyl diphosphate
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + 7 isopentenyl diphosphate
7 diphosphate + all-trans-decaprenyl diphosphate
-
-
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + 7 isopentenyl diphosphate
7 diphosphate + decaprenyl diphosphate
-
-
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + 7 isopentenyl diphosphate
7 diphosphate + decaprenyl diphosphate
-
-
plus solanesyl diphosphate
-
?
(2E,6E,10E)-geranylgeranyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
diphosphate + ?
-
-
-
?
(2E,6E,10E)-geranylgeranyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
diphosphate + ?
-
-
-
?
(2E,6E,10E)-geranylgeranyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
diphosphate + ?
-
-
main products are decaprenyl diphosphate and solanesyl diphosphate
-
?
geranyl diphosphate + 8 isopentenyl diphosphate
8 diphosphate + all-trans-decaprenyl diphosphate
-
decaprenyl diphosphate is the major product, other prenyl diphosphates comprise only minor components
-
?
geranyl diphosphate + 8 isopentenyl diphosphate
8 diphosphate + all-trans-decaprenyl diphosphate
-
-
-
?
geranyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
diphosphate + ?
-
-
-
?
geranyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
diphosphate + ?
-
-
-
?
geranyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
diphosphate + ?
-
-
main products are decaprenyl diphosphate and solanesyl diphosphate
-
?
geranylgeranyl diphosphate + 6 isopentenyl diphosphate
6 diphosphate + all-trans-decaprenyl diphosphate
-
decaprenyl diphosphate is the major product, other prenyl diphosphates comprise only minor components
-
?
geranylgeranyl diphosphate + 6 isopentenyl diphosphate
6 diphosphate + all-trans-decaprenyl diphosphate
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
no activity with dimethylallyl diphosphate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
no activity with dimethylallyl diphosphate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
catalyzes the addition of isopentenyl diphosphate to dimethyl allyl diphosphate, geranyl diphosphate, (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate, and (2E,6E,10E)-geranylgeranyl diphosphate as priming substrates
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
catalyzes the addition of isopentenyl diphosphate to dimethyl allyl diphosphate, geranyl diphosphate, (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate, and (2E,6E,10E)-geranylgeranyl diphosphate as priming substrates
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no substrate: dimethylallyl diphosphate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no substrate: geranyl diphosphate, dimethylallyl diphosphate
-
-
?
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NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + 7 isopentenyl diphosphate
7 diphosphate + all-trans-decaprenyl diphosphate
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + 7 isopentenyl diphosphate
7 diphosphate + all-trans-decaprenyl diphosphate
-
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + 7 isopentenyl diphosphate
7 diphosphate + all-trans-decaprenyl diphosphate
key enzyme in synthesis of the decaprenyl tail in coenzyme Q10
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + 7 isopentenyl diphosphate
7 diphosphate + all-trans-decaprenyl diphosphate
the enzyme catalyzes the consecutive condensation of isopentenyl diphosphate with allylic diphosphates to produce decaprenyl diphosphate, which is used for the side chain of ubiquinone Q10
-
-
?
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METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
Ca2+
K+
KCl
removal of KCl from the reaction mixture results in a decrease of activity
Mg2+
MgCl2
essential for activity, highest enzyme activity with 5 mM MgCl2
Mn2+
Zn2+
additional information
Ca2+
-
in presence, structural changes are observed in the CD spectra within a conserved peptide of residues A113 to D125
Mg2+
-
in presence, structural changes are observed in the CD spectra within a conserved peptide of residues A113 to D125
Mg2+
absolutely required for activity, maximum activity at 5 mM
Mg2+
-
required. The relative amount of C50 and C55 products, i.e. decaprenyl diphosphate and undecaprenyl diphosphate, changes depending on the concentration of Mg2+. The ratio of the C50 and C55 product formed at 1 mM Mg2+ is 23 : 1
Mn2+
-
maximum activity at 0.1 mM, about 35% of the activity with Mg2+
Zn2+
-
in presence, structural changes are observed in the CD spectra within a conserved peptide of residues A113 to D125
additional information
not stimulated by monovalent cations such as NH4+, Na+ and K+
additional information
-
not stimulated by monovalent cations such as NH4+, Na+ and K+
additional information
-
absolute requirement for divalent kations
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ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
Triton X-100
the addition of Triton X-100, even at the lowest tested concentration of 0.05%, results in a significant increase in enzyme activity. Triton X-100 at 0.3% provides the maximumactivity
Triton X-100
0.05% significantly activates, detergent is required
Triton X-100
hardly any activity in absence of detergent. 0.05% required for full activity
Tween 20
hardly any activity in absence of detergent. 0.2% required for full activity
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KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.00014
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate
pH 7.5, 37°C, mutant enzyme A197V
0.00016
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate
pH 7.5, 37°C, mutant enzyme G63F
0.00033
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate
pH 7.5, 37°C, mutant enzyme F190W
0.00038
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate
pH 7.5, 37°C, mutant enzyme F190A
0.0005
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate
pH 7.5, 37°C, wild-type enzyme
0.00063
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate
pH 7.5, 37°C, mutant enzyme G63A
0.0007
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate
pH 7.5, 37°C, mutant enzyme A70V
0.0015
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate
pH 7.5, 37°C, mutant enzyme A70G
0.00275
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate
pH 7.5, 37°C, mutant enzyme N193A
0.00007
(2E,6E,10E)-geranylgeranyl diphosphate
mutant A197V, pH 7.5, 37°C
0.00009
(2E,6E,10E)-geranylgeranyl diphosphate
mutant A70V, pH 7.5, 37°C
0.00013
(2E,6E,10E)-geranylgeranyl diphosphate
mutant C63F, pH 7.5, 37°C
0.00024
(2E,6E,10E)-geranylgeranyl diphosphate
mutant F190W, pH 7.5, 37°C
0.00032
(2E,6E,10E)-geranylgeranyl diphosphate
wild-type, pH 7.5, 37°C
0.00036
(2E,6E,10E)-geranylgeranyl diphosphate
mutant F190A, pH 7.5, 37°C
0.00072
(2E,6E,10E)-geranylgeranyl diphosphate
mutant C63A, pH 7.5, 37°C
0.0024
(2E,6E,10E)-geranylgeranyl diphosphate
mutant A70G, pH 7.5, 37°C
0.00375
(2E,6E,10E)-geranylgeranyl diphosphate
mutant N193A, pH 7.5, 37°C
0.00007
geranylgeranyl diphosphate
pH 7.5, 37°C, mutant enzyme A197V
0.00009
geranylgeranyl diphosphate
pH 7.5, 37°C, mutant enzyme A70V
0.00013
geranylgeranyl diphosphate
pH 7.5, 37°C, mutant enzyme G63F
0.00024
geranylgeranyl diphosphate
pH 7.5, 37°C, mutant enzyme F190W
0.00036
geranylgeranyl diphosphate
pH 7.5, 37°C, mutant enzyme F190A
0.00072
geranylgeranyl diphosphate
pH 7.5, 37°C, mutant enzyme G63A
0.0024
geranylgeranyl diphosphate
pH 7.5, 37°C, mutant enzyme A70G
0.00375
geranylgeranyl diphosphate
pH 7.5, 37°C, mutant enzyme N193A
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TURNOVER NUMBER [1/s]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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kcat/KM VALUE [1/mMs-1]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
37
40 - 45
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pI VALUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
Q5T2R2: subunit 1 (DPS1) and Q86YH6: subunit 2 (DLP1/PDSS2)
SwissProt
brenda
O43091: subunit 1 (DSP1), O13851: subunit 2 (DLP1)
SwissProt
brenda
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SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
SOURCE
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LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE