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Information on EC 2.5.1.85 - all-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate synthase [geranylgeranyl-diphosphate specific]
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2.5.1.85 all-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate synthase [geranylgeranyl-diphosphate specific]IUBMB Comments
Geranylgeranyl diphosphate is preferred over farnesyl diphosphate as allylic substrate . The plant Arabidopsis thaliana has two different enzymes that catalyse this reaction. SPS1 contributes to the biosynthesis of the ubiquinone side-chain while SPS2 supplies the precursor of the plastoquinone side-chains .
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Word Map
- 2.5.1.85
- synthases
-
farnesyl
- isoprene
-
plastid
-
trypanosoma
-
isoprenoid
- ubiquinone-9
- plastoquinone-9
- plastochromanol-8
-
reoxidation
- lycopersicum
-
allylic
- cruzi
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Eukaryota, Bacteria
Reaction Schemes
Synonyms
slsps, atsps2, tbspps, tcspps, at-sps1, at-sps2, atsps1, long-chain prenyl diphosphate synthase, long-chain solanesyl diphosphate synthase, 
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SYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
AtSPS1
AtSPS2
EC 2.5.1.11
-
-
formerly, part transferred
-
solanesyl diphosphate synthase
solanesyl-diphosphate synthase
solanesyl-diphosphate synthase 1
SPPS
SPS1
Sps2
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
geranylgeranyl diphosphate + 5 isopentenyl diphosphate = 5 diphosphate + all-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate
-
-
-
-
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PATHWAY SOURCE
PATHWAYS
BRENDA
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
geranylgeranyl-diphosphate:isopentenyl-diphosphate transtransferase (adding 5 isopentenyl units)
Geranylgeranyl diphosphate is preferred over farnesyl diphosphate as allylic substrate [1]. The plant Arabidopsis thaliana has two different enzymes that catalyse this reaction. SPS1 contributes to the biosynthesis of the ubiquinone side-chain while SPS2 supplies the precursor of the plastoquinone side-chains [2].
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
83745-07-7
-
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + 6 isopentenyl diphosphate
6 diphosphate + all-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + 6 isopentenyl diphosphate
6 diphosphate + nonaprenyl diphosphate
-
17% of the activity with geranylgeranyl diphosphate
-
-
?
dimethylallyl diphosphate + 8 isopentenyl diphosphate
8 diphosphate + all-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate
geranyl diphosphate + 7 isopentenyl diphosphate
7 diphosphate + all-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate
geranylgeranyl diphosphate + 5 isopentenyl diphosphate
5 diphosphate + all-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + 6 isopentenyl diphosphate
6 diphosphate + all-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate
At-SPS2 prefers geranylgeranyl diphosphate to farnesyl diphosphate as the allylic substrate
the main product is nonaprenyl diphosphate, considerable amounts of intermediates, such as geranylgeranyl diphosphate are formed
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + 6 isopentenyl diphosphate
6 diphosphate + all-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate
geranylgeranyl diphosphate is preferred over farnesyl diphosphate as allylic substrate
the main product is nonaprenyl diphosphate, considerable amounts of geranylgeranyl diphosphate are formed
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + 6 isopentenyl diphosphate
6 diphosphate + all-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate
-
-
-
?
dimethylallyl diphosphate + 8 isopentenyl diphosphate
8 diphosphate + all-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate
-
-
-
?
dimethylallyl diphosphate + 8 isopentenyl diphosphate
8 diphosphate + all-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate
low activity
-
-
?
geranyl diphosphate + 7 isopentenyl diphosphate
7 diphosphate + all-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate
-
39% of the activity with geranylgeranyl diphosphate
-
-
?
geranyl diphosphate + 7 isopentenyl diphosphate
7 diphosphate + all-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate
-
-
-
?
geranylgeranyl diphosphate + 5 isopentenyl diphosphate
5 diphosphate + all-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate
-
-
-
?
geranylgeranyl diphosphate + 5 isopentenyl diphosphate
5 diphosphate + all-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate
-
-
-
?
geranylgeranyl diphosphate + 5 isopentenyl diphosphate
5 diphosphate + all-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate
-
-
-
?
geranylgeranyl diphosphate + 5 isopentenyl diphosphate
5 diphosphate + all-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate
-
-
-
?
geranylgeranyl diphosphate + 5 isopentenyl diphosphate
5 diphosphate + all-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate
At-SPS1 contributes to the biosynthesis of the plastoquinone side-chain in Arabidopsis thaliana
-
-
?
geranylgeranyl diphosphate + 5 isopentenyl diphosphate
5 diphosphate + all-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate
At-SPS1 contributes to the biosynthesis of the ubiquinone side-chain in Arabidopsis thaliana
-
-
?
geranylgeranyl diphosphate + 5 isopentenyl diphosphate
5 diphosphate + all-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate
At-SPS1 contributes to the biosynthesis of the ubiquinone side-chain in Arabidopsis thaliana
-
-
?
geranylgeranyl diphosphate + 5 isopentenyl diphosphate
5 diphosphate + all-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate
At-SPS2 supplies the precursor of the plastoquinone side-chain in Arabidopsis thaliana
-
-
?
geranylgeranyl diphosphate + 5 isopentenyl diphosphate
5 diphosphate + all-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate
At-SPS2 prefers geranylgeranyl diphosphate to farnesyl diphosphate as the allylic substrate
a large amount of nonaprenyl diphosphate is formed
-
?
geranylgeranyl diphosphate + 5 isopentenyl diphosphate
5 diphosphate + all-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate
geranylgeranyl diphosphate is preferred over farnesyl diphosphate as allylic substrate
nonaprenyl diphosphate is almost exclusively formed
-
?
geranylgeranyl diphosphate + 5 isopentenyl diphosphate
5 diphosphate + all-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate
-
geranylgeranyl diphosphate is the preferred allylic substrate
-
-
?
geranylgeranyl diphosphate + 5 isopentenyl diphosphate
5 diphosphate + all-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate
-
enzyme SlSPS extends the prenyl chain length of the endogenous ubiquinone to nine isoprene units
-
-
?
geranylgeranyl diphosphate + 5 isopentenyl diphosphate
5 diphosphate + all-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate
geranylgeranyl diphosphate is the preferred allylic substrate
-
-
?
geranylgeranyl diphosphate + 5 isopentenyl diphosphate
5 diphosphate + all-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate
the enzyme is involved in synthesis of ubiquinone-9
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
no activity with dimethylallyl diphosphate and geranyl diphosphate, recombinant His6-tagged At-SPS2 fusion protein and truncated from of At-SPS2 (At-SPS2DELTA, in which the 30 N-terminal residues of the putative signal-peptide are removed and, instead the His6 tag is attached to the N-terminus)
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
no activity with dimethylallyl diphosphate and geranyl diphosphate, recombinant His6-tagged At-SPS2 fusion protein and truncated from of At-SPS2 (At-SPS2DELTA, in which the 30 N-terminal residues of the putative signal-peptide are removed and, instead the His6 tag is attached to the N-terminus)
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no activity with dimethylallyl diphosphate and geranyl diphosphate, recombinant His6-tagged At-SPS2 fusion protein and truncated from of At-SPS2 (At-SPS2DELTA, in which the 30 N-terminal residues of the putative signal-peptide are removed and, instead the His6 tag is attached to the N-terminus)
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
no activity with farnesyl diphosphate and dimethylallyl diphosphate
-
-
?
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NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
dimethylallyl diphosphate + 8 isopentenyl diphosphate
8 diphosphate + all-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate
-
-
-
?
geranylgeranyl diphosphate + 5 isopentenyl diphosphate
5 diphosphate + all-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate
geranylgeranyl diphosphate + 5 isopentenyl diphosphate
5 diphosphate + all-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate
-
-
-
?
geranylgeranyl diphosphate + 5 isopentenyl diphosphate
5 diphosphate + all-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate
-
-
-
?
geranylgeranyl diphosphate + 5 isopentenyl diphosphate
5 diphosphate + all-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate
-
-
-
?
geranylgeranyl diphosphate + 5 isopentenyl diphosphate
5 diphosphate + all-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate
-
-
-
?
geranylgeranyl diphosphate + 5 isopentenyl diphosphate
5 diphosphate + all-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate
At-SPS1 contributes to the biosynthesis of the plastoquinone side-chain in Arabidopsis thaliana
-
-
?
geranylgeranyl diphosphate + 5 isopentenyl diphosphate
5 diphosphate + all-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate
At-SPS1 contributes to the biosynthesis of the ubiquinone side-chain in Arabidopsis thaliana
-
-
?
geranylgeranyl diphosphate + 5 isopentenyl diphosphate
5 diphosphate + all-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate
At-SPS1 contributes to the biosynthesis of the ubiquinone side-chain in Arabidopsis thaliana
-
-
?
geranylgeranyl diphosphate + 5 isopentenyl diphosphate
5 diphosphate + all-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate
At-SPS2 supplies the precursor of the plastoquinone side-chain in Arabidopsis thaliana
-
-
?
geranylgeranyl diphosphate + 5 isopentenyl diphosphate
5 diphosphate + all-trans-nonaprenyl diphosphate
the enzyme is involved in synthesis of ubiquinone-9
-
-
?
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METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
Mg2+
optimal level of activity obtained at 0.5-1 mM. No activation by Mn2+
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INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
1-[(n-oct-1-ylamino)ethyl] 1,1-bisphosphonic acid
strong enzyme inhibitor
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ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
fibrillin 5B
FBN5-B, fibrillin 5B specifically interacts with solanesyl diphosphate synthase 1, which biosynthesize the solanesyl moiety of plastoquinone-9. Plants containing defective FBN5-B accumulate less plastoquinone-9 and its cyclized product, plastochromanol-8, but the levels of tocopherols are not affected. Homozygous mutations in FBN5 are seedling-lethal. FBN5-B is required for PQ-9 biosynthesis through its interaction with enzyme SPS. FBN5 binding to the hydrophobic solanesyl moiety, which is generated by SPS1, in FBN5 B/SPS homodimeric complexes stimulates the enzyme activity of SPS1
-
fibrillin 5B
FBN5-B, fibrillin 5B specifically interacts with solanesyl diphosphate synthase 2, which biosynthesize the solanesyl moiety of plastoquinone-9. Plants containing defective FBN5-B accumulate less plastoquinone-9 and its cyclized product, plastochromanol-8, but the levels of tocopherols are not affected. Homozygous mutations in FBN5 are seedling-lethal. FBN5-B is required for PQ-9 biosynthesis through its interaction with enzyme SPS. FBN5 binding to the hydrophobic solanesyl moiety, which is generated by SPS2, in FBN5 B/SPS homodimeric complexes stimulates the enzyme activity of SPS2
-
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KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.00689
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate
pH 8.0, 30°C, truncated from of At-SPS2 (At-SPS2DELTA, in which the 30 N-terminal residues of the putative signal-peptide are removed and, instead the His6 tag is attached to the N-terminus)
0.00512
farnesyl diphosphate
pH 8.0, 30°C, His6-tagged At-SPS2 fusion protein
0.000565
geranylgeranyl diphosphate
pH 8.0, 30°C, His6-tagged At-SPS2 fusion protein
0.000843
geranylgeranyl diphosphate
pH 8.0, 30°C, truncated from of At-SPS2 (At-SPS2DELTA, in which the 30 N-terminal residues of the putative signal-peptide are removed and, instead the His6 tag is attached to the N-terminus), truncated from of At-SPS2 (At-SPS2DELTA, in which the 30 N-terminal residues of the putative signal-peptide are removed and, instead the His6 tag is attached to the N-terminus)
0.0192
isopentenyl diphosphate
pH 7.4, 37°C, cosubstrate: geranyl diphosphate
0.0243
isopentenyl diphosphate
pH 7.4, 37°C, cosubstrate: geranylgeranyl diphosphate
0.0289
isopentenyl diphosphate
pH 8.0, 30°C, cosubstrate: geranylgeranyl diphosphate, truncated from of At-SPS2 (At-SPS2DELTA, in which the 30 N-terminal residues of the putative signal-peptide are removed and, instead the His6 tag is attached to the N-terminus)
0.0307
isopentenyl diphosphate
pH 7.4, 37°C, cosubstrate: farnesyl diphosphate
0.0377
isopentenyl diphosphate
pH 8.0, 30°C, cosubstrate: geranylgeranyl diphosphate, His6-tagged At-SPS2 fusion protein
0.182
isopentenyl diphosphate
pH 8.0, 30°C, cosubstrate: farnesyl diphosphate, truncated from of At-SPS2 (At-SPS2DELTA, in which the 30 N-terminal residues of the putative signal-peptide are removed and, instead the His6 tag is attached to the N-terminus)
0.248
isopentenyl diphosphate
pH 8.0, 30°C, cosubstrate: farnesyl diphosphate, His6-tagged At-SPS2 fusion protein
20
isopentenyl diphosphate
pH 8.0, 30°C, cosubstrate: geranylgeranyl diphosphate
151
isopentenyl diphosphate
pH 8.0, 30°C, cosubstrate: farnesyl diphosphate
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TURNOVER NUMBER [1/s]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
3.77
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate
pH 8.0, 30°C, truncated from of At-SPS2 (At-SPS2DELTA, in which the 30 N-terminal residues of the putative signal-peptide are removed and, instead the His6 tag is attached to the N-terminus)
2.33
geranylgeranyl diphosphate
pH 8.0, 30°C, truncated from of At-SPS2 (At-SPS2DELTA, in which the 30 N-terminal residues of the putative signal-peptide are removed and, instead the His6 tag is attached to the N-terminus), truncated from of At-SPS2 (At-SPS2DELTA, in which the 30 N-terminal residues of the putative signal-peptide are removed and, instead the His6 tag is attached to the N-terminus)
0.043
isopentenyl diphosphate
pH 7.4, 37°C, cosubstrate: farnesyl diphosphate
0.131
isopentenyl diphosphate
pH 7.4, 37°C, cosubstrate: geranyl diphosphate
0.217
isopentenyl diphosphate
pH 7.4, 37°C, cosubstrate: geranylgeranyl diphosphate
1.72
isopentenyl diphosphate
pH 8.0, 30°C, cosubstrate: geranylgeranyl diphosphate, truncated from of At-SPS2 (At-SPS2DELTA, in which the 30 N-terminal residues of the putative signal-peptide are removed and, instead the His6 tag is attached to the N-terminus)
2.83
isopentenyl diphosphate
pH 8.0, 30°C, cosubstrate: farnesyl diphosphate, truncated from of At-SPS2 (At-SPS2DELTA, in which the 30 N-terminal residues of the putative signal-peptide are removed and, instead the His6 tag is attached to the N-terminus)
14.7
isopentenyl diphosphate
pH 8.0, 30°C, cosubstrate: farnesyl diphosphate
15
isopentenyl diphosphate
pH 8.0, 30°C, cosubstrate: geranylgeranyl diphosphate
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kcat/KM VALUE [1/mMs-1]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
547
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate
pH 8.0, 30°C, truncated from of At-SPS2 (At-SPS2DELTA, in which the 30 N-terminal residues of the putative signal-peptide are removed and, instead the His6 tag is attached to the N-terminus)
2770
geranylgeranyl diphosphate
pH 8.0, 30°C, truncated from of At-SPS2 (At-SPS2DELTA, in which the 30 N-terminal residues of the putative signal-peptide are removed and, instead the His6 tag is attached to the N-terminus), truncated from of At-SPS2 (At-SPS2DELTA, in which the 30 N-terminal residues of the putative signal-peptide are removed and, instead the His6 tag is attached to the N-terminus)
0.0014
isopentenyl diphosphate
pH 7.4, 37°C, cosubstrate: farnesyl diphosphate
0.00685
isopentenyl diphosphate
pH 7.4, 37°C, cosubstrate: geranyl diphosphate
0.00893
isopentenyl diphosphate
pH 7.4, 37°C, cosubstrate: geranylgeranyl diphosphate
0.0968
isopentenyl diphosphate
pH 8.0, 30°C, cosubstrate: farnesyl diphosphate
0.752
isopentenyl diphosphate
pH 8.0, 30°C, cosubstrate: geranylgeranyl diphosphate
15.5
isopentenyl diphosphate
pH 8.0, 30°C, cosubstrate: farnesyl diphosphate, truncated from of At-SPS2 (At-SPS2DELTA, in which the 30 N-terminal residues of the putative signal-peptide are removed and, instead the His6 tag is attached to the N-terminus)
595
isopentenyl diphosphate
pH 8.0, 30°C, cosubstrate: geranylgeranyl diphosphate, truncated from of At-SPS2 (At-SPS2DELTA, in which the 30 N-terminal residues of the putative signal-peptide are removed and, instead the His6 tag is attached to the N-terminus)
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pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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pI VALUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
strains 29-13 and TREU927/4, single gene Tb09.160.4300, identical in both strains
UniProt
brenda
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SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
SOURCE
additional information
mRNA level is 11fold higher in leaf than in root
brenda
mRNA level is 5fold higher in leaf than in root
brenda
mRNA level is 11fold higher in leaf than in root
brenda
mRNA level is 5fold higher in leaf than in root
brenda
additional information
in the parental 29-13 cells, enzyme TbSPPS is abundantly transcribed
brenda
additional information
-
in the parental 29-13 cells, enzyme TbSPPS is abundantly transcribed
brenda
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LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
additional information
-
solanesyl diphosphate synthase is targeted to the plastid and both solanesol and plastoquinone are associated with thylakoid membranes
-
brenda
At-SPS2 is transported into chloroplasts
brenda
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GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
evolution
co-expression network of the Arabidopsis thaliana solanesyl-diphosphate synthase family
malfunction
metabolism
physiological function
malfunction
in contrast to other plastochromanol-8 biosynthetic mutants, neither the single atsps knock-outs nor the atsps1 atsps2 double knock-out display any defects in tocopherols accumulation or germination
malfunction
knockout of genes AtSPS1 and AtSPS2 causes a reduction in plastoquinone-9 content in leaves, and the leaves exhibit light suppression of photosynthetic system II under high-intensity light
malfunction
leaves of the atsps2 knock-out are devoid of plastochromanol-8 and display severe losses of both non-photoactive and photoactive plastoquinone-9, resulting in near complete photoinhibition at high light intensity. The photoinhibition is paralleled by significant damage to photosystem II but not to photosystem I. In contrast to other plastochromanol-8 biosynthetic mutants, neither the single atsps knock-outs nor the atsps1 atsps2 double knock-out display any defects in tocopherols accumulation or germination
malfunction
-
plants silenced for SlSPS are photobleached and accumulate phytoene
malfunction
RNAi-mediated depletion of TbSPPS leads to severe growth inhibition. Ablation of TbSPPS by RNAi will decrease the function of the glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle, which is cured by application of glycerol. The viability of the BSF cells is compromised upon RNAi induction, phenotype overview. Addition of ubiquinone to the medium alleviates the effect of RNAi-mediated depletion of TbSPPS
metabolism
FBN5-B is required for plastoquinone-9 biosynthesis through its interaction with enzyme SPS
metabolism
-
requirement for two long-chain prenyl diphosphate synthases in the tomato, i.e. SlSPS and SlDPS, a decaprenyl diphosphate synthase, EC 2.5.1.86
metabolism
the enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of solanesyl diphosphate and plastoquinone-9
metabolism
the enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of solanesyl diphosphate and plastoquinone-9. FBN5-B is required for plastoquinone-9 biosynthesis through its interaction with enzyme SPS
metabolism
the enzyme interacts with the plastid lipid binding protein fibrillin5 for synthesis of the solanesyl diphosphate tail in plastoquinone-9
metabolism
-
FBN5-B is required for plastoquinone-9 biosynthesis through its interaction with enzyme SPS
-
metabolism
-
the enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of solanesyl diphosphate and plastoquinone-9
-
metabolism
-
the enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of solanesyl diphosphate and plastoquinone-9. FBN5-B is required for plastoquinone-9 biosynthesis through its interaction with enzyme SPS
-
physiological function
Arabidopsis thaliana SPS1-overexpressing lines are much more resistant to photooxidative stress than the wild-type, showing marked decreases in leaf bleaching, lipid peroxidation and PSII photoinhibition under excess light. Comparison of the SPS1 overexpressors with other prenyl quinone mutants indicates that the enhanced phototolerance of the former plants is directly related to their increased capacities for plastoquinone-9 biosynthesis, phenotype, overview
physiological function
-
enzyme SlSPS is necessary for normal chloroplast structure and function
physiological function
plastid isoforms of solanesyl-diphosphate synthase catalyze the elongation of the prenyl side chain involved in the plastoquinone-9 and plastochromanol-8 biosynthesis, plastochromanol-8 originates from a subfraction of the non-photoactive pool of plastoquinone-9
physiological function
solanesyl diphosphate synthase is an enzyme of the ubiquinone synthetic pathway required throughout the life cycle of Trypanosoma brucei
physiological function
-
solanesyl diphosphate synthase, Sps, is a key enzyme in the metabolic pathways of solanesol and plastoquinone biosynthesis
physiological function
solanesyl diphosphate synthase, Sps, is a key enzyme in the metabolic pathways of solanesol and plastoquinone biosynthesis
physiological function
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Arabidopsis thaliana SPS1-overexpressing lines are much more resistant to photooxidative stress than the wild-type, showing marked decreases in leaf bleaching, lipid peroxidation and PSII photoinhibition under excess light. Comparison of the SPS1 overexpressors with other prenyl quinone mutants indicates that the enhanced phototolerance of the former plants is directly related to their increased capacities for plastoquinone-9 biosynthesis, phenotype, overview
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