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Information on EC 2.5.1.62 - chlorophyll synthase and Organism(s) Arabidopsis thaliana and UniProt Accession Q38833

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IUBMB Comments
Requires Mg2+. The enzyme is modified by binding of the first substrate, phytyl diphosphate, before reaction of the modified enzyme with the second substrate, chlorophyllide a, can occur. The reaction also occurs when phytyl diphosphate is replaced by geranylgeranyl diphosphate.
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Arabidopsis thaliana
UNIPROT: Q38833
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The taxonomic range for the selected organisms is: Arabidopsis thaliana
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Bacteria, Eukaryota, Archaea
Synonyms
chlorophyll synthase, chlorophyll synthetase, chl synthase, chl synthetase, chlorophyll a synthase, more
SYNONYM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
chlorophyll a synthase
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chlorophyll synthase
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chlorophyll synthetase
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synthase, chlorophyll
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
polyprenyl-group transfer
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
chlorophyllide-a:phytyl-diphosphate phytyltransferase
Requires Mg2+. The enzyme is modified by binding of the first substrate, phytyl diphosphate, before reaction of the modified enzyme with the second substrate, chlorophyllide a, can occur. The reaction also occurs when phytyl diphosphate is replaced by geranylgeranyl diphosphate.
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY hide
9077-08-1
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT                       
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
chlorophyllide a + phytyl diphosphate
chlorophyll a + diphosphate
show the reaction diagram
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?
NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
chlorophyllide a + phytyl diphosphate
chlorophyll a + diphosphate
show the reaction diagram
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-
-
-
?
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
additional information
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hairpin structure in plasmid is tran-activated by the yeast transcription factor that is active in veins of leaves and petiols leads to post-transcriptional silencing of the enzyme by RNA interference
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ORGANISM
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
SOURCE
LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
malfunction
mutant dlt4-1 is pale green and heat sensitive due to the reduced Chl content. Besides Chl synthase, Lhcb1, a light-harvesting Chl a/b-binding protein, is reduced to about 60% of the wild-type level in chlg-1. The chlG missense mutation is responsible for a light-dependent, heat-induced cotyledon bleaching phenotype. Following heat treatment, mutant chlg-1 but not wild-type seedlings accumulate a substantial level of chlorophyllide a, which results in a surge of phototoxic singlet oxygen. The mutation destabilized the chlorophyll synthase proteins and causes a conditional blockage of esterification of chlorophyllide a after heat stress. Accumulation of chlorophyllide a after heat treatment occurs during recovery in the dark in the light-grown but not the etiolated seedlings, suggesting that the accumulated chlorophyllides were not derived from de novo biosynthesis but from de-esterification of the existing chlorophylls. The triple mutant harboring the ChlG mutant allele and null mutations of chlorophyllase 1 (CLH1) and CLH2 indicates that the known chlorophyllases are not responsible for the accumulation of chlorophyllide a in chlg-1
physiological function
chlorophyll synthase is involved in reutilization of chlorophyllide during chlorophyll turnover
malfunction
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gene silencing in vein cells and neighboring cells reduces chlorophyll accumulation around veins by 60-90%, CO2 fixation by minor veins from the xylem stream and the amount of specific metabolites such as soluble sugars associated with carbohydrate metabolism and the shikimate pathway are reduced, the abundance of transcripts encoding components of phosphoenolpyruvate generating pathways are altered, leaf senescence, growth rate, and seed size are reduced
UNIPROT
ENTRY NAME
ORGANISM
NO. OF AA
NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]
SOURCE
SEQUENCE
LOCALIZATION PREDICTION?
CHLG_ARATH
387
5
41881
Swiss-Prot
Chloroplast (Reliability: 2)
SUBUNIT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
additional information
the interaction between ChlG and Ycf39 is disrupted by high light stress
PROTEIN VARIANTS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
additional information
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a hair-pin construct is activated in the chlorophyll synthase gene in veins and cells neighboring veins, photosynthesis is reduced in these cells, growth and fitness of the plants are compromised
CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
expression in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803
hairpin structure is cloned into Binary plasmid, plants are transformed via Agrobacterium tumefaciens
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APPLICATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
synthesis
expression of functional Arabidopsis thaliana chlorophyll synthase in cyanobacterial host Synechocystis sp. Synthesis of the plant chlorophyll synthase allows deletion of the otherwise essential native cyanobacterial gene. The interaction with membrane insertase YidC is maintained for the eukaryotic enzyme, HliD or Ycf39 do not copurify with ChlG
REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Janacek, S.H.; Trenkamp, S.; Palmer, B.; Brown, N.J.; Parsley, K.; Stanley, S.; Astley, H.M.; Rolfe, S.A.; Paul Quick, W.; Fernie, A.R.; Hibberd, J.M.
Photosynthesis in cells around veins of the C(3) plant Arabidopsis thaliana is important for both the shikimate pathway and leaf senescence as well as contributing to plant fitness
Plant J.
59
329-343
2009
Arabidopsis thaliana
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Lin, Y.P.; Lee, T.Y.; Tanaka, A.; Charng, Y.Y.
Analysis of an Arabidopsis heat-sensitive mutant reveals that chlorophyll synthase is involved in reutilization of chlorophyllide during chlorophyll turnover
Plant J.
80
14-26
2014
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q38833)
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Proctor, M.S.; Chidgey, J.W.; Shukla, M.K.; Jackson, P.J.; Sobotka, R.; Hunter, C.N.; Hitchcock, A.
Plant and algal chlorophyll synthases function in Synechocystis and interact with the YidC/Alb3 membrane insertase
FEBS Lett.
592
3062-3073
2018
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (A8JFJ1), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q38833)
Manually annotated by BRENDA team