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Information on EC 2.5.1.43 - nicotianamine synthase and Organism(s) Oryza sativa and UniProt Accession Q10MI9
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2.5.1.43 nicotianamine synthaseSpecify your search results
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The taxonomic range for the selected organisms is: Oryza sativa
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Eukaryota, Bacteria, Archaea
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Eukaryota, Bacteria, Archaea
Synonyms
nas, nicotianamine synthase, osnas2, osnas1, osnas3, chloronerva, atnas4, hvnas1, na synthase, atnas1, 
more
topSYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
AtNAS1
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-
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AtNAS2
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AtNAS3
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chloronerva
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HvNAS1
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HvNAS2
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HvNAS3
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-
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HvNAS4
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HvNAS6
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HvNAS7
-
-
-
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NA synthase
NAS
nicotianamine synthase
OsNAS1
OsNAS2
OsNAS3
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:S-adenosyl-L-methionine:S-adenosyl-methionine 3-amino-3-carboxypropyltransferase
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-
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synthase, nicotianamine
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NA synthase
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NAS
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nicotianamine synthase
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OsNAS1
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OsNAS2
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OsNAS3
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
alkenyl group transfer
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-
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:S-adenosyl-L-methionine:S-adenosyl-Lmethionine 3-amino-3-carboxypropyltransferase
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
161515-44-2
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
3 S-adenosyl-L-methionine
3 S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + nicotianamine
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-
-
?
3 S-adenosyl-L-methionine
3 S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + nicotianamine
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-
-
?
3 S-adenosyl-L-methionine
3 S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + nicotianamine
important role in production of nicotianamine under Fe-deficient conditions
-
-
?
3 S-adenosyl-L-methionine
3 S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + nicotianamine
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-
-
?
3 S-adenosyl-L-methionine
3 S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + nicotianamine
-
-
-
?
3 S-adenosyl-L-methionine
3 S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + nicotianamine
important role in production of nicotianamine under Fe-deficient conditions
-
-
?
3 S-adenosyl-L-methionine
3 S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + nicotianamine
rice synthesizes nicotianamine with OsNAS3 under Fe excess in roots and shoots. Nicotianamine and deoxymugineic acid synthesized by OsNAS3 under excess Fe conditions contribute to Fe detoxification in rice
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-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine
5'-S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + nicotianamine
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-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine
5'-S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + nicotianamine
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nicotinamine synthase and nicotinamine play an important role in long-distance transport of Fe in rice plants, in addition to their roles in phytosiderophore secretion from roots
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-
?
NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
S-adenosyl-L-methionine
5'-S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + nicotianamine
-
nicotinamine synthase and nicotinamine play an important role in long-distance transport of Fe in rice plants, in addition to their roles in phytosiderophore secretion from roots
-
-
?
3 S-adenosyl-L-methionine
3 S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + nicotianamine
-
-
-
?
3 S-adenosyl-L-methionine
3 S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + nicotianamine
important role in production of nicotianamine under Fe-deficient conditions
-
-
?
3 S-adenosyl-L-methionine
3 S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + nicotianamine
important role in production of nicotianamine under Fe-deficient conditions
-
-
?
3 S-adenosyl-L-methionine
3 S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + nicotianamine
rice synthesizes nicotianamine with OsNAS3 under Fe excess in roots and shoots. Nicotianamine and deoxymugineic acid synthesized by OsNAS3 under excess Fe conditions contribute to Fe detoxification in rice
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-
?
COFACTOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
SOURCE
OsNAS3 is widely expressed in roots, especially in vascular bundle, epidermis, exodermis, stem, and old leaf tissues under Fe excess compared to control plants
OsNAS3 is widely expressed in roots, especially in vascular bundle, epidermis, exodermis, stem, and old leaf tissues under Fe excess compared to control plants
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expression of Fe homeostasis-related genes in wild-type and transgenic overexpressing seedlings, overview
OsNAS3 is widely expressed in roots, especially in vascular bundle, epidermis, exodermis, stem, and old leaf tissues under Fe excess compared to control plants
OsNAS3 is widely expressed in roots, especially in vascular bundle, epidermis, exodermis, stem, and old leaf tissues under Fe excess compared to control plants
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OsNAS1 and OsNAS2 transcripts are not detected in Fe-sufficient roots, OsNAS3 transcript is present, expression is suppressed in response to Fe deficiency. In Fe-deficient plants, OsNAS1 and OsNAS2 are expressed in the vascular bundles of green leafes showing severe chlorosis. OsNAS3 expression is restricted to companion cells of leaves irrespective of Fe status
OsNAS3 is widely expressed in roots, especially in vascular bundle, epidermis, exodermis, stem, and old leaf tissues under Fe excess compared to control plants
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OsNAS1 and OsNAS2 transcripts are detected in Fe-sufficient roots, very low in roots of Fe-sufficient plants. OsNAS3 transcript is very low in roots of Fe-sufficients plants. OsNAS3 expression is induced in response to Fe deficiency. OsNAS1 and OsNAs2 are expressed in Fe-sufficient roots in companion cells and pericycle cells adjacent to the protoxylem. With Fe deficiency, OsNAS1 and OsNAS2 expression extends to all root cells along with an increase in phytosiderophore secretion. OsNAS3 expression is restricted to the pericycle and companion cells of the roots, irrespective of Fe status
expressed in Fe-deficient roots and shoots and also in Fe-sufficient shoots
OsNAS3 is widely expressed in roots, especially in vascular bundle, epidermis, exodermis, stem, and old leaf tissues under Fe excess compared to control plants
expressed in Fe-deficient roots and shoots and also in Fe-sufficient shoots
LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
malfunction
mutation of the N-terminal tyrosine motif or di-leucine motif of isozyme OsNAS2, involved in cellular transport, causes a disruption in vesicular movement and vesicular localization, respectively. Fe homeostasis is disturbed in the GFP-tagged OsNAS2 plants, and these plants receive Fe-deficiency signals even under Fe-sufficient conditions, this is probably due to to the overproduction of deocxymugineic acid and nicotinamine, which increases the chelating capacity of Fe and disrupts an unknown Fe-sensing mechanism. OsNAS2-sGFP plants grow more slowly than the wild-type and the mutant m6-sGFP and m7-sGFP plants
metabolism
important role in production of nicotianamine under Fe-deficient conditions
physiological function
malfunction
OsNAS3 knockout plants are sensitive to excess Fe, exhibiting inferior growth, reduced dry weight, severer leaf bronzing, and greater Fe accumulation in their leaves than non-transformants with excess Fe
metabolism
physiological function
-
overexpression of nicotianamine synthase genes (direct targets of transcription factor OsNAC6) promoted the accumulation of the metal chelator nicotianamine and, consequently, drought tolerance
additional information
physiological function
graminaceous plants release mugineic acid family phytosiderophores (MAs) to acquire iron from the soil. Deoxymugineic acid secretion from rice roots fluctuates throughout the day, and vesicles accumulate in roots before mugineic acid family phytosiderophores secretion. These vesicles are involved in nicotinamine and 2'-deoxymugineic acid biosynthesis. A tyrosine motif and a di-leucine motif, which have been reported to be involved in cellular transport, are conserved in NAS proteins in plants. The localization of enzyme NAS to vesicles and the transport of these vesicles are crucial steps in nicotinamine synthesis, leading to deoxymugineic acid synthesis and secretion in rice. The tyrosine motif is involved in vesicle movement, whereas the di-leucine motif appears to be involved in vesicle localization and OsNAS2 activity, which are crucial for the proper function of OsNAS2
physiological function
graminaceous plants utilize a chelation strategy to acquire Fe from soil that involves the secretion of mugineic acid family phytosiderophores (MAs), which chelate and solubilize Fe(III) in the rhizosphere from their roots through transporter of mugineic acids 1 (TOM1). The resultant Fe(III)-MAs complexes are absorbed by root cells through a transporter protein YSL. Rice produces and secretes 2'-deoxymugineic acid (DMA). DMA is synthesized from S-adenosylmethionine through a nicotianamine (NA) intermediate8 by 3 enzymes: NA synthase (NAS), NA aminotransferase (NAAT), and DMA synthase. Nicotinamine is a structural analog of mugineic acid, and is responsible for metal homeostasis through metal translocation in plants. Particular vesicles, originating from the rough endoplasmic reticulum, are involved in deoxymugineic acid and nicotianamine biosynthesis and in deoxymugineic acid secretion from Oryza sativa roots. Modeling of the intracellular transport of mugineic acid-vesicles in rice roots
metabolism
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biosynthesis of nicotianamine, nicotianamine synthase catalyses the trimerization of S-adenosylmethionine and azetidine ring formation
metabolism
important role in production of nicotianamine under Fe-deficient conditions
metabolism
rice synthesizes nicotianamine with OsNAS3 under Fe excess in roots and shoots. Nicotianamine and deoxymugineic acid synthesized by OsNAS3 under excess Fe conditions contribute to Fe detoxification in rice
additional information
the enzyme's tyrosine motif is involved in vesicle movement, whereas the di-leucine motif is involved in vesicle localization and OsNAS2 activity, which are crucial for the proper function of OsNAS2
additional information
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the enzyme's tyrosine motif is involved in vesicle movement, whereas the di-leucine motif is involved in vesicle localization and OsNAS2 activity, which are crucial for the proper function of OsNAS2
additional information
tyrosine motif and a di-leucine motif mutants phenotype under both Fe-sufficient and -deficient conditions, overview. Mutant m6-sGFP converts S-adenosyl methionine into nicotinamine in vitro, whereas mutant m7sGFP does not show NAS enzyme activity
additional information
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tyrosine motif and a di-leucine motif mutants phenotype under both Fe-sufficient and -deficient conditions, overview. Mutant m6-sGFP converts S-adenosyl methionine into nicotinamine in vitro, whereas mutant m7sGFP does not show NAS enzyme activity
additional information
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activation of iron deficiency-inducible OsNAS2 results in a 3.0fold rise in Fe content in mature seeds. OsNAS2 ectopic expression also increases the iron content. Enhanced expression leads to higher tolerance of Fe deficiency and better growth under elevated pH. Mice fed with OsNAS2-D1 seeds recover more rapidly from anemia, indicating that bioavailable Fe contents are improved by this increase in OsNAS2 expression, phenotypes, overview
additional information
-
higher amount of nicotianamide in OsNAS2 overexpressing plants lead to greater exudation of phytosiderophores from the roots, as well as stimulated Zn uptake, translocation and seed-loading
POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
additional information
additional information
modeling of posttranscriptional mRNA degradation and/or posttranslational protein degradation of isozyme OsNAS2
additional information
-
modeling of posttranscriptional mRNA degradation and/or posttranslational protein degradation of isozyme OsNAS2
PROTEIN VARIANTS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
L115A/L116A
isozyme OsNAS2 mutated in the LL motif resulting in mutant m7-sGFP, which does not localize to the vesicles. Mutant m7sGFP does not show NAS enzyme activity
Y105A
isozyme OsNAS2 mutated in the YXXphi motif resulting in mutant m6-sGFP, which is localized to the vesicles. These vesicles stuck together and are immobile. Mutant m6-sGFP converts S-adenosyl methionine into nicotinamine in vitro
additional information
additional information
isozyme OsNAS2 mutated in the YXXphi motif, mutant m6-sGFP, is localized to the vesicles. These vesicles stuck together and are immobile. OsNAS2 mutated in the LL motif, mutant m7-sGFP, does not localize to these vesicles
additional information
-
isozyme OsNAS2 mutated in the YXXphi motif, mutant m6-sGFP, is localized to the vesicles. These vesicles stuck together and are immobile. OsNAS2 mutated in the LL motif, mutant m7-sGFP, does not localize to these vesicles
additional information
mutant enzyme phenotype under both Fe-sufficient and -deficient conditions, overview
additional information
-
mutant enzyme phenotype under both Fe-sufficient and -deficient conditions, overview
additional information
-
Oryza sativa OSNAS3 knockout plants and mutant lines are created in which expression of OsNAS3 gene is increased by introducing 35S enhancer elements. Shoots and roots of the OsNAS3 activation-tagged plants (OsNAS3-D1) accumulated more Fe and Zn, seeds contained elevated amounts of Fe (2.9-fold), Zn (2.2-fold), and Cu (1.7-fold).
additional information
-
enhanced expression of OsNAS2 gene results in elevated nicotianamide levels, greater Zn accumulations, and improved plant tolerance to a Zn deficiency, the expression of Zn-uptake genes and those for the biosynthesis of phytosiderophores are increased in transgenic plants, phenotypes overview. In the endosperm, the OsNAS2 activation-tagged line contain up to 20fold more nicotianamide and 2.7fold more zinc
additional information
-
generation of transgenic Oryza sativa plants by expression of iron-inducible nicotianamine synthase for increasing the content of bioavailable iron in seeds. Enhanced expression leads to higher tolerance of Fe deficiency and better growth under elevated pH, the iron content is increased 3fold by activating the recombinant NAS, phenotypes, overview
CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
gene OsNAS2, recombinant expression of GFP-tagged isozyme NAS2 in transgenic Oryza sativa plants under the control of its own promoter. The recombinant GFP-tagged enzyme moves moving dynamically within root cells, phhenotype, ooverview
recombinant expression of GFP-tagged isozyme OsNAS2 in Oryza sativa roots. OsNAS2-sGFP vesicles move dynamically in the cells. Fe homeostasis is disturbed in the GFP-tagged OsNAS2 plants, and these plants receive Fe-deficiency signals even under Fe-sufficient conditions, this is probably due to to the overproduction of deocxymugineic acid and nicotinamine, which increases the chelating capacity of Fe and disrupts an unknown Fe-sensing mechanism
expressed in Nicotiana tabacum, expression is highly induced by Fe-deficiency in roots and in leaves
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expression of nicotianamine synthase in Oryza sativa seeds under the control of the maize ubiquitin promoter
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three cDNA clones osnas1, asnas2 and osnas3 from Fe-deficient rotts and a genomic fragment containing both OsNAS1 and OsNAS2
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EXPRESSION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
OsNAS2 is iron deficiency-inducible, while Zn-, Cu-, and Mn-deficiencies have no effect on the gene expression
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strongly induced with excess Fe in most rice tissues, particularly old leaves, suggesting that it may play a vital role under excess Fe conditions
APPLICATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
agriculture
overexpression of the nicotianamine synthase gene enhances nicotianamine levels in several crops, including crops in which endogenous nicotianamine is already high, such as soybean and sweet potato. Additionally, nicotianamine synthase overexpression enhances the Fe and Zn concentrations and confers tolerance to Fe deficiency in calcareous soil
agriculture
overexpression of the nicotianamine synthase gene enhances nicotianamine levels in several crops, including crops in which endogenous nicotianamine is already high, such as soybean and sweet potato. Additionally, nicotianamine synthase overexpression enhances the Fe and Zn concentrations and confers tolerance to Fe deficiency in calcareous soil
REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Higuchi, K.; Kanazawa, K.; Nishizawa, N.K.; Mori, S.
The role of nicotianamine synthase in response to Fe nutrition status in Gramineae
Plant Soil
178
171-177
1996
Hordeum vulgare, Oryza sativa, Zea mays
-
Higuchi, K.; Watanabe, S.; Takahashi, M.; Kawasaki, S.; Nakanishi, H.; Nishizawa, N.K.; Mori, S.
Nicotianamine synthase gene expression differs in barley and rice under Fe-deficient conditions
Plant J.
25
159-167
2001
Hordeum vulgare, Oryza sativa
Inoue, H.; Higuchi, K.; Takahashi, M.; Nakanishi, H.; Mori, S.; Nishizawa, N.K.
Three rice nicotianamine synthase genes, OsNAS1, OsNAS2, and OsNAS3 are expressed in cells involved in long-distance transport of iron and differentially regulated by iron
Plant J.
36
366-381
2003
Oryza sativa
Usuda, K.; Wada, Y.; Ishimaru, Y.; Kobayashi, T.; Takahashi, M.; Nakanishi, H.; Nagato, Y.; Mori, S.; Nishizawa, N.K.
Genetically engineered rice containing larger amounts of nicotianamine to enhance the antihypertensive effect
Plant Biotechnol. J.
7
87-95
2009
Hordeum vulgare, Oryza sativa
Lee, S.; Jeon, U.S.; Lee, S.J.; Kim, Y.K.; Persson, D.P.; Husted, S.; Schj?rring, J.K.; Kakei, Y.; Masuda, H.; Nishizawa, N.K.; An, G.
Iron fortification of rice seeds through activation of the nicotianamine synthase gene
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
106
22014-22019
2009
Oryza sativa
Ito, S.; Inoue, H.; Kobayashi, T.; Yoshiba, M.; Mori, S.; Nishizawa, N.; Higuchi, K.
Comparison of the functions of the barley nicotianamine synthase gene HvNAS1 and rice nicotianamine synthase gene OsNAS1 promoters in response to iron deficiency in transgenic tobacco
Soil Sci. Plant Nutr.
55
277-282
2009
Hordeum vulgare, Oryza sativa
-
Lee, S.; Kim, Y.S.; Jeon, U.S.; Kim, Y.K.; Schjoerring, J.K.; An, G.
Activation of Rice nicotianamine synthase 2 (OsNAS2) enhances iron availability for biofortification
Mol. Cells
33
269-275
2012
Oryza sativa
Lee, S.; Persson, D.P.; Hansen, T.H.; Husted, S.; Schjoerring, J.K.; Kim, Y.S.; Jeon, U.S.; Kim, Y.K.; Kakei, Y.; Masuda, H.; Nishizawa, N.K.; An, G.
Bio-available zinc in rice seeds is increased by activation tagging of nicotianamine synthase
Plant Biotechnol. J.
9
865-873
2011
Oryza sativa
Nozoye, T.; Nagasaka, S.; Bashir, K.; Takahashi, M.; Kobayashi, T.; Nakanishi, H.; Nishizawa, N.K.
Nicotianamine synthase 2 localizes to the vesicles of iron-deficient rice roots, and its mutation in the YXXphi or LL motif causes the disruption of vesicle formation or movement in rice
Plant J.
77
246-260
2014
Oryza sativa (Q10MI9), Oryza sativa
Nozoye, T.; Tsunoda, K.; Nagasaka, S.; Bashir, K.; Takahashi, M.; Kobayashi, T.; Nakanishi, H.; Nishizawa, N.K.
Rice nicotianamine synthase localizes to particular vesicles for proper function
Plant Signal. Behav.
9
e28660
2014
Zea mays (A0A1D6GLB9), Zea mays (A0A1D6IP14), Zea mays (A0A1D6K0A7), Zea mays (A0A1D6K0A8), Zea mays (B4FAC0), Zea mays (K7VIY6), Zea mays (K7WE51), Zea mays (Q8LT22), Zea mays (Q8S9C5), Oryza sativa (Q10MI9), Oryza sativa
Aung, M.S.; Masuda, H.; Nozoye, T.; Kobayashi, T.; Jeon, J.S.; An, G.; Nishizawa, N.K.
Nicotianamine synthesis by OsNAS3 is important for mitigating iron excess stress in rice
Front. Plant Sci.
10
660
2019
Oryza sativa (Q0D3F2), Oryza sativa
Nozoye, T.
The nicotianamine synthase gene is a useful candidate for improving the nutritional qualities and Fe-deficiency tolerance of various crops
Front. Plant Sci.
9
340
2018
Oryza sativa (Q0D3F2), Oryza sativa (Q0DSH9), Oryza sativa (Q10MI9), Oryza sativa, Hordeum vulgare (Q9ZQV7), Hordeum vulgare (Q9ZQV8), Hordeum vulgare (Q9ZQV9)
Lee, D.K.; Chung, P.J.; Jeong, J.S.; Jang, G.; Bang, S.W.; Jung, H.; Kim, Y.S.; Ha, S.H.; Choi, Y.D.; Kim, J.K.
The rice OsNAC6 transcription factor orchestrates multiple molecular mechanisms involving root structural adaptions and nicotianamine biosynthesis for drought tolerance
Plant Biotechnol. J.
15
754-764
2017
Oryza sativa
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