Information on EC 2.5.1.41 - phosphoglycerol geranylgeranyltransferase

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The enzyme appears in viruses and cellular organisms

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EC NUMBER
COMMENTARY hide
2.5.1.41
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RECOMMENDED NAME
GeneOntology No.
phosphoglycerol geranylgeranyltransferase
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY hide
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
geranylgeranyl diphosphate + sn-glycerol 1-phosphate = diphosphate + 3-(O-geranylgeranyl)-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate
show the reaction diagram
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
alkenyl group transfer
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-
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PATHWAY
BRENDA Link
KEGG Link
MetaCyc Link
CDP-archaeol biosynthesis
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lipid metabolism
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Glycerophospholipid metabolism
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
geranylgeranyl diphosphate:sn-glyceryl phosphate geranylgeranyltransferase
This cytosolic enzyme catalyses the first pathway-specific step in the biosynthesis of the core membrane diether lipids in archaebacteria [2]. Requires Mg2+ for maximal activity [2]. It catalyses the alkylation of the primary hydroxy group in sn-glycerol 1-phosphate by geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) in a prenyltransfer reaction where a hydroxy group is the nucleophile in the acceptor substrate [2]. The other enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of polar lipids in Archaea are EC 1.1.1.261 (sn-glycerol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase), EC 2.5.1.42 (geranylgeranylglycerol-phosphate geranylgeranyltransferase) and EC 2.7.7.67 (CDP-archaeol synthase), which lead to the formation of CDP-unsaturated archaeol. The final step in the pathway involves the addition of L-serine, with concomitant removal of CMP, leading to the production of unsaturated archaetidylserine [5].
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY hide
124650-69-7
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GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
evolution
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diversity of thaumarchaeotal GGGP synthases in the marine water column, phylogenetic analysis and tree and correlation to the classification of shallow and deep water clusters, overview. Differences in isoprenoid glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers distributions from subsurface to deep waters that may be explained by differences in the GGGP synthase, suggesting a genetic control on isoprenoid glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers distribution. Diversity of archaeal GGGP synthases, overview
metabolism
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key enzyme of the thaumarchaeotal lipid biosynthetic pathway
physiological function
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the key enzyme catalyses the formation of an ether bond between isoprenyl diphosphate and glycerol-1-phosphate to form 3-(O-geranylgeranyl)-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate, and is the first committed step towards ether membrane lipid synthesis
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT                       
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
geranylgeranyl diphosphate + sn-glycerol 1-phosphate
?
show the reaction diagram
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-
-
-
?
geranylgeranyl diphosphate + sn-glycerol 1-phosphate
diphosphate + 3-(O-geranylgeranyl)-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate
show the reaction diagram
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-
-
-
?
geranylgeranyl diphosphate + sn-glycerol 1-phosphate
diphosphate + 3-O-(geranylgeranyl)glyceryl 1-phosphate
show the reaction diagram
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?
geranylgeranyl diphosphate + sn-glyceryl phosphate
diphosphate + sn-3-O-(geranylgeranyl)glyceryl 1-phosphate
show the reaction diagram
additional information
?
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NATURAL SUBSTRATES
NATURAL PRODUCTS
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
geranylgeranyl diphosphate + sn-glycerol 1-phosphate
diphosphate + 3-(O-geranylgeranyl)-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate
show the reaction diagram
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-
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-
?
additional information
?
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METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
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INHIBITORS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
Triton X-100
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required for enzymatic activity, optimal concentration: 0.01%
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KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.000075 - 0.0041
geranylgeranyl diphosphate
0.0212 - 0.041
sn-glycerol 1-phosphate
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pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
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pH RANGE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
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TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
55
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assay at and optimal temperature
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TEMPERATURE RANGE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
50 - 65
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maximal activity
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SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
SOURCE
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LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
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PDB
SCOP
CATH
UNIPROT
ORGANISM
Archaeoglobus fulgidus (strain ATCC 49558 / VC-16 / DSM 4304 / JCM 9628 / NBRC 100126);
O26652
Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus (strain ATCC 29096 / DSM 1053 / JCM 10044 / NBRC 100330 / Delta H);
Q9HJH3
Thermoplasma acidophilum (strain ATCC 25905 / DSM 1728 / JCM 9062 / NBRC 15155 / AMRC-C165);
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MOLECULAR WEIGHT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
27000
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SDS-PAGE
50000
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gel filtration
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SUBUNITS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
dimer
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x-ray crystallography
homodimer
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gel filtration, 2 * 27000
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Crystallization/COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
hanging drop vapour diffusion method using 100 mM citrate, pH 6.0, 10 mM MgCl2, 4-10% polyethylene glycol 4000
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Purification/COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
Superdex 200 gel filtration and nickel column chromatography
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using ammonium sulfate precipitation, four chromatographic steps (DE52, Q-Sepharose, phenyl-Superose, and Protein Pak)
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using DEAE-cellulose column chromatography, NH4SO4 precipitation, Phenyl-650S and Resourse Q columns, Mini Q column and Superdex 200 HR 10/30 column
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Cloned/COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
diversity of thaumarchaeotal GGGP synthases in the marine water column, phylogenetic analysis and tree and correlation to the classification of shallow and deep water clusters, overview
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expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) cells
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recombinantly expressed in Escherichia coli
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Show AA Sequence (1062 entries)
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LINKS TO OTHER DATABASES (specific for EC-Number 2.5.1.41)
ExplorEnz
ExPASy
KEGG
MetaCyc
SABIO-RK
NCBI: PubMed, Protein, Nucleotide, Structure, Genome, OMIM
IUBMB Enzyme Nomenclature
PROSITE Database of protein families and domains
InterPro (database of protein families, domains and functional sites)