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Information on EC 2.5.1.41 - phosphoglycerol geranylgeranyltransferase for references in articles please use BRENDA:EC2.5.1.41Word Map on EC 2.5.1.41
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The enzyme appears in viruses and cellular organisms
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phosphoglycerol geranylgeranyltransferase
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geranylgeranyl diphosphate + sn-glycerol 1-phosphate = diphosphate + 3-(O-geranylgeranyl)-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate
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alkenyl group transfer
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CDP-archaeol biosynthesis
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Glycerophospholipid metabolism
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geranylgeranyl diphosphate:sn-glyceryl phosphate geranylgeranyltransferase
This cytosolic enzyme catalyses the first pathway-specific step in the biosynthesis of the core membrane diether lipids in archaebacteria [2]. Requires Mg2+ for maximal activity [2]. It catalyses the alkylation of the primary hydroxy group in sn-glycerol 1-phosphate by geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) in a prenyltransfer reaction where a hydroxy group is the nucleophile in the acceptor substrate [2]. The other enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of polar lipids in Archaea are EC 1.1.1.261 (sn-glycerol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase), EC 2.5.1.42 (geranylgeranylglycerol-phosphate geranylgeranyltransferase) and EC 2.7.7.67 (CDP-archaeol synthase), which lead to the formation of CDP-unsaturated archaeol. The final step in the pathway involves the addition of L-serine, with concomitant removal of CMP, leading to the production of unsaturated archaetidylserine [5].
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(S)-3-O-geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate synthase
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(S)-3-O-geranylgeranylglycerylphosphate
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geranylgeranyl diphosphate:sn-3-O-(geranylgeranyl)glycerol 1-phosphate geranylgeranyltransferase
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geranylgeranyl-transferase
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geranylgeranylglycerol-phosphate geranylgeranyltransferase
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geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate synthase
geranylgeranyltransferase II
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geranylgeranyltransferase, geranylgeranyloxyglycerol phosphate
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glycerol phosphate feranylgeranyltransferase
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prenyltransferase
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geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate synthase
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geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate synthase
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GGGP synthase
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evolution
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diversity of thaumarchaeotal GGGP synthases in the marine water column, phylogenetic analysis and tree and correlation to the classification of shallow and deep water clusters, overview. Differences in isoprenoid glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers distributions from subsurface to deep waters that may be explained by differences in the GGGP synthase, suggesting a genetic control on isoprenoid glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers distribution. Diversity of archaeal GGGP synthases, overview
metabolism
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key enzyme of the thaumarchaeotal lipid biosynthetic pathway
physiological function
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the key enzyme catalyses the formation of an ether bond between isoprenyl diphosphate and glycerol-1-phosphate to form 3-(O-geranylgeranyl)-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate, and is the first committed step towards ether membrane lipid synthesis
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geranylgeranyl diphosphate + sn-glycerol 1-phosphate
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geranylgeranyl diphosphate + sn-glycerol 1-phosphate
diphosphate + 3-(O-geranylgeranyl)-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate
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geranylgeranyl diphosphate + sn-glycerol 1-phosphate
diphosphate + 3-O-(geranylgeranyl)glyceryl 1-phosphate
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geranylgeranyl diphosphate + sn-glyceryl phosphate
diphosphate + sn-3-O-(geranylgeranyl)glyceryl 1-phosphate
additional information
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geranylgeranyl diphosphate + sn-glyceryl phosphate
diphosphate + sn-3-O-(geranylgeranyl)glyceryl 1-phosphate
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geranylgeranyl diphosphate + sn-glyceryl phosphate
diphosphate + sn-3-O-(geranylgeranyl)glyceryl 1-phosphate
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geranylgeranyl diphosphate + sn-glyceryl phosphate
diphosphate + sn-3-O-(geranylgeranyl)glyceryl 1-phosphate
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additional information
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probably involved in the biosynthesis of membrane lipids in archaebacteriae
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additional information
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probably involved in the biosynthesis of membrane lipids in archaebacteriae
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geranylgeranyl diphosphate + sn-glycerol 1-phosphate
diphosphate + 3-(O-geranylgeranyl)-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate
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additional information
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additional information
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probably involved in the biosynthesis of membrane lipids in archaebacteriae
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additional information
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probably involved in the biosynthesis of membrane lipids in archaebacteriae
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Mg2+
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required for optimal activity
Mg2+
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optimal concentration 5-10 mM
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Triton X-100
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required for enzymatic activity, optimal concentration: 0.01%
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0.000075 - 0.0041
geranylgeranyl diphosphate
0.0212 - 0.041
sn-glycerol 1-phosphate
0.000075
geranylgeranyl diphosphate
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0.0041
geranylgeranyl diphosphate
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Vmax: 0.004 mmol/min/mg
0.0212
sn-glycerol 1-phosphate
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0.041
sn-glycerol 1-phosphate
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assay at
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assay at and optimal pH
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assay at and optimal temperature
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50 - 65
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maximal activity
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from an early stationary phase culture
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from an early stationary phase culture
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Archaeoglobus fulgidus (strain ATCC 49558 / VC-16 / DSM 4304 / JCM 9628 / NBRC 100126)
Archaeoglobus fulgidus (strain ATCC 49558 / VC-16 / DSM 4304 / JCM 9628 / NBRC 100126)
Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus (strain ATCC 29096 / DSM 1053 / JCM 10044 / NBRC 100330 / Delta H)
Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus (strain ATCC 29096 / DSM 1053 / JCM 10044 / NBRC 100330 / Delta H)
Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus (strain ATCC 29096 / DSM 1053 / JCM 10044 / NBRC 100330 / Delta H)
Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus (strain ATCC 29096 / DSM 1053 / JCM 10044 / NBRC 100330 / Delta H)
Thermoplasma acidophilum (strain ATCC 25905 / DSM 1728 / JCM 9062 / NBRC 15155 / AMRC-C165)
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dimer
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x-ray crystallography
homodimer
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gel filtration, 2 * 27000
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hanging drop vapour diffusion method using 100 mM citrate, pH 6.0, 10 mM MgCl2, 4-10% polyethylene glycol 4000
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Superdex 200 gel filtration and nickel column chromatography
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using ammonium sulfate precipitation, four chromatographic steps (DE52, Q-Sepharose, phenyl-Superose, and Protein Pak)
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using DEAE-cellulose column chromatography, NH4SO4 precipitation, Phenyl-650S and Resourse Q columns, Mini Q column and Superdex 200 HR 10/30 column
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diversity of thaumarchaeotal GGGP synthases in the marine water column, phylogenetic analysis and tree and correlation to the classification of shallow and deep water clusters, overview
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expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) cells
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recombinantly expressed in Escherichia coli
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Zhang, D.L.; Daniels, L.; Poulter, C.D.
Biosynthesis of archaebacterial membranes. Formation of isoprene ethers by a prenyl transfer reaction
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
112
1264-1265
1990
Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus, Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus Marburg / DSM 2133
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Payandeh, J.; Fujihashi, M.; Gillon, W.; Pai, E.F.
The crystal structure of (S)-3-O-geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate synthase reveals an ancient fold for an ancient enzyme
J. Biol. Chem.
281
6070-6078
2006
Archaeoglobus fulgidus
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Nemoto, N.; Oshima, T.; Yamagishi, A.
Purification and characterization of geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate synthase from a thermoacidophilic archaeon, Thermoplasma acidophilum
J. Biochem.
133
651-657
2003
Thermoplasma acidophilum
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Chen, A.; Zhang, D.; Poulter, C.
(S)-geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate synthase. Purification and characterization of the first pathway-specific enzyme in archaebacterial membrane lipid biosynthesis
J. Biol. Chem.
268
21701-21705
1993
Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus
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Villanueva, L.; Schouten, S.; Sinninghe Damste, J.S.
Depth-related distribution of a key gene of the tetraether lipid biosynthetic pathway in marine Thaumarchaeota
Environ. Microbiol.
17
3527-3539
2015
Thaumarchaeota
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