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Information on EC 2.5.1.32 - 15-cis-phytoene synthase and Organism(s) Arabidopsis thaliana and UniProt Accession P37271

for references in articles please use BRENDA:EC2.5.1.32
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EC Tree
IUBMB Comments
Requires Mn2+ for activity. The enzyme condenses two molecules of geranylgeranyl diphosphate to give prephytoene diphosphate, followed by rearrangement of the cyclopropylcarbinyl intermediate to 15-cis-phytoene.
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This record set is specific for:
Arabidopsis thaliana
UNIPROT: P37271
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Word Map
The taxonomic range for the selected organisms is: Arabidopsis thaliana
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Bacteria, Eukaryota, Archaea
Reaction Schemes
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Synonyms
psy, phytoene synthase, crtyb, phytoene synthase 1, psy protein, phytoene synthetase, zmpsy1, phytoene synthase/lycopene cyclase, egcrtb, tapsy3, more
SYNONYM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
geranylgeranyl-diphosphate geranylgeranyltransferase
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phytoene synthase
phytoene synthetase
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phytoene-synthetase
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prephytoene-diphosphate synthase
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Psase
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synthetase, phytoene
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
alkenyl group tranfer
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
geranylgeranyl-diphosphate:geranylgeranyl-diphosphate geranylgeranyltransferase (15-cis-phytoene forming)
Requires Mn2+ for activity. The enzyme condenses two molecules of geranylgeranyl diphosphate to give prephytoene diphosphate, followed by rearrangement of the cyclopropylcarbinyl intermediate to 15-cis-phytoene.
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY hide
50936-61-3
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57219-66-6
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT                       
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
2 geranylgeranyl diphosphate
15-cis-phytoene + 2 diphosphate
show the reaction diagram
NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
2 geranylgeranyl diphosphate
15-cis-phytoene + 2 diphosphate
show the reaction diagram
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?
pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
ORGANISM
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
SOURCE
additional information
LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
metabolism
physiological function
phytoene synthase catalyzes a rate-limiting step in carotenoid biosynthesis
metabolism
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catalyzation of the first two steps of the carotenoid biosynthesis
UNIPROT
ENTRY NAME
ORGANISM
NO. OF AA
NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]
SOURCE
SEQUENCE
LOCALIZATION PREDICTION?
PSY_ARATH
422
0
47487
Swiss-Prot
Chloroplast (Reliability: 1)
PURIFICATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
the purification protocol presents detailed instructions how to purify several milligrams of active enzyme from bacterial lysates, which includes initial recombinant enzyme enrichment through inclusion body purification, chaotropic unfolding, refolding in presence of detergents and purification through immobilized metal affinity chromatography
CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
after transformation psy is not only expressed in leaves but also in roots and seed derived calli, leading to coloured roots
expression in Escherichia coli
EXPRESSION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
the phytochrome-interacting factor (PIF) family represses PSY expression in etiolated seedlings and mature leaves, but does not influence PSY expression in roots
the PSY gene is induced by light in photosynthetic tissues, while a root-specific upregulation of PSY expression is iduced by salt stress and abscisic acid. Light-sensitive phytochrome-interacting factors are not required to regulate phytoene synthase gene expression in the root
mRNA level increases when dark-grown seedlings come from dark to light, which leads to a deetiolation and the forming of chloroplasts, similar results can be observed with seedlings growing in the dark when treated with paclobutrazol, an inhibitor of the regulatory hormone gibberellin
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REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Rodriguez-Villalon, A.; Gas, E.; Rodriguez-Concepcion, M.
Phytoene synthase activity controls the biosynthesis of carotenoids and the supply of their metabolic precursors in dark-grown Arabidopsis seedlings
Plant J.
60
424-435
2009
Arabidopsis thaliana
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Maass, D.; Arango, J.; Wuest, F.; Beyer, P.; Welsch, R.
Carotenoid crystal formation in Arabidopsis and carrot roots caused by increased phytoene synthase protein levels
PLoS ONE
4
e6373
2009
Daucus carota subsp. carota, Arabidopsis thaliana (P37271), Daucus carota subsp. sativus (Q2VEY0), Daucus carota subsp. sativus (Q2VEY1)
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Ruiz-Sola, M.; Rodriguez-Villalon, A.; Rodriguez-Concepcion, M.
Light-sensitive phytochrome-interacting factors (PIFs) are not required to regulate phytoene synthase gene expression in the root
Plant Signal. Behav.
9
e29248
2014
Arabidopsis thaliana (P37271), Arabidopsis thaliana
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Camagna, M.; Welsch, R.
Expression, Purification, and enzyme activity assay of phytoene synthase in vitro
Methods Mol. Biol.
2083
39-52
2020
Arabidopsis thaliana (P37271)
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Alvarez, D.; Voss, B.; Maass, D.; Wuest, F.; Schaub, P.; Beyer, P.; Welsch, R.
Carotenogenesis is regulated by 5'UTR-mediated translation of phytoene synthase splice variants
Plant Physiol.
172
2314-2326
2016
Arabidopsis thaliana (P37271)
Manually annotated by BRENDA team