Any feedback?
Information on EC 2.5.1.29 - geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase
for references in articles please use BRENDA:EC2.5.1.29Please wait a moment until all data is loaded. This message will disappear when all data is loaded.
EC Tree
2.5.1.29 geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthaseIUBMB Comments
Some forms of this enzyme will also use geranyl diphosphate and dimethylallyl diphosphate as donors; it will not use larger prenyl diphosphates as efficient donors.
Specify your search results
Word Map
- 2.5.1.29
-
geranylgeranylation
-
isoprenoids
-
carotenoid
- bisphosphonates
-
prenylation
- mevalonate
-
dimethylallyl
- phytoene
- prenyltransferases
-
diterpene
-
allyl
-
diterpenoids
-
isoprenylation
- lycopene
- taxus
- uredovora
-
aspartate-rich
- synthesis
-
kaurene
- drug development
- diagnostics
- fujikuroi
- taxadiene
- medicine
- agriculture
- pharmacology
- nutrition
-
20-carbon
-
dmapp
-
carotenogenesis
-
carotenogenic
- biotechnology
-
copalyl
- food industry
The enzyme appears in viruses and cellular organisms
Reaction Schemes
Synonyms
geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase, ggpp synthase, ggdps, ggps1, ggpps1, cotb1, tgfpps, geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase 1, geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthetase, ggppase, 
more
topPlease wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
SYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
bifunctional farnesyl/geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase
BTS1
CotB1
CrtE
DR1395
EgcrtE
farnesyl diphosphate/geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase
farnesyltransferase
-
-
-
-
FPPS/GGPPS
geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase
geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase 1
geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase 11
geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase
geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthetase
geranylgeranyl-PP synthetase
-
-
-
-
GGDP synthase
GGDPS
GGPP synthase
GGPP-S
GGPPS
GGPPS1
GGPPS11
GGPS
Ggps1
PfFPPS
PfGGPPS
Saci_0092
synthetase, geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate
-
-
-
-
additional information
bifunctional farnesyl/geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase
-
farnesyl diphosphate/geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase
bifunctional enzyme EC2.5.1.29/EC2.5.1.10
geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase
-
-
-
-
geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase
-
-
-
-
geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthetase
-
-
-
-
additional information
the enzyme belongs to a group of short-chain prenyltransferases
additional information
the enzyme belongs to a group of short-chain prenyltransferases
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate = diphosphate + geranylgeranyl diphosphate
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate = diphosphate + geranylgeranyl diphosphate
ordered-sequential bi bi mechanism
-
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate = diphosphate + geranylgeranyl diphosphate
reaction mechanism and residues involved in substrate specificity and product chain lengt determination, overview
-
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate = diphosphate + geranylgeranyl diphosphate
the condensation of isopentenyl diphosphate to (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate by GGPPS is a bi-substrate/biproduct (bi-bi) reaction, where the two products are geranylgeranyl diphosphate and diphosphate, which is cleaved from (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate. The inhibitory pattern observed by geranylgeranyl diphosphate indicates a compulsory ordered mechanism for isopentenyl diphosphate and (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate binding the enzyme from Choristoneura fumiferana
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate = diphosphate + geranylgeranyl diphosphate
ordered-sequential bi bi mechanism
-
-
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate = diphosphate + geranylgeranyl diphosphate
-
-
-
-
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
alkenyl group transfer
-
-
-
-
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
PATHWAY SOURCE
PATHWAYS
BRENDA
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
(2E,6E)-farnesyl-diphosphate:isopentenyl-diphosphate farnesyltranstransferase
Some forms of this enzyme will also use geranyl diphosphate and dimethylallyl diphosphate as donors; it will not use larger prenyl diphosphates as efficient donors.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
9032-58-0
-
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
(2E)-3,7-dimethyl-2-octenyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
?
-
62% of activity with geranyl diphosphate
-
-
?
(2E)-3-methyl-2,6-heptadienyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
?
-
24% of activity with geranyl diphosphate
-
-
?
(2E)-3-methyl-2-butenyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
?
-
21.5% of activity with geranyl diphosphate
-
-
?
(2E)-3-methyl-2-hexenyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
?
-
95% of activity with geranyl diphosphate
-
-
?
(2E)-3-methyl-2-pentenyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
?
-
63% of activity with geranyl diphosphate
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
diphosphate + geranylgeranyl diphosphate
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
geranylgeranyl diphosphate + diphosphate
(E)-3-methyl-2-dodecenyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
(2E,5E)-3,6-dimethylpentadeca-2,5-dien-1-yl diphosphate + diphosphate
(E,E)-farnesyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
diphosphate + geranylgeranyl diphosphate
(E,E)-farnesyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
geranylgeranyl diphosphate + diphosphate
3,8-dimethyl-2-nonenyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
?
-
59% of activity with dimethylallyl diphosphate
-
-
?
3-methyl-2-alkenyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
?
-
a number of 3-methyl-2-alkenyl diphosphates ranging in carbon number from 6 to 13 act as substrates
-
-
?
6,7-dihydrogeranyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
?
-
87% of activity with dimethylallyl diphosphate
-
-
?
8,8'-bisnorgeranyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
?
-
107% of activity with dimethylallyl diphosphate
-
-
?
dimethylallyl diphosphate + 2 isopentenyl diphosphate
2 diphosphate + (2Z,6Z)-farnesyl diphosphate
dimethylallyl diphosphate + 3 isopentenyl diphosphate
diphosphate + geranylgeranyl diphosphate
-
geranyl diphosphate activity of enzyme leads to additional production of geranyl diphosphate. The ratio of geranyl diphosphate to geranylgeranyl diphosphate produced averages approximately 9:1. No synthesis of farnesyl diphosphate
-
?
dimethylallyl diphosphate + 3 isopentenyl diphosphate
geranylgeranyl diphosphate + 3 diphosphate
dimethylallyl diphosphate + 3 isopentenyl diphosphate
geranylgeranyl diphosphate + diphosphate
dimethylallyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
? + diphosphate
bifunctional enzyme EC2.5.1.29/EC2.5.1.10, the FPP/GGPP product ratio increases with the rise of the reaction temperature
-
-
?
dimethylallyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
geranyl diphosphate + farnesyl diphosphate + geranylgeranyl diphosphate + diphosphate
large subunit alone
-
-
?
E-3-methyl-2-undecenyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
?
-
53% of the activity with farnesyl diphosphate
-
-
?
geranyl diphosphate + 2 isopentenyl diphosphate
geranylgeranyl diphosphate + 2 diphosphate
geranyl diphosphate + 3-desmethylisopentenyl diphosphate
diphosphate + 3-desmethylfarnesyl diphosphate
i.e. but-3-enyl diphosphate
-
-
?
geranyl diphosphate + 3-ethylbut-3-enyl diphosphate
diphosphate + 3-ethylfarnesyl diphosphate
-
-
-
?
geranyl diphosphate + 3-propylbut-3-enyl diphosphate
diphosphate + 3-propylfarnesyl diphosphate
-
-
-
?
geranyl diphosphate + dimethylallyl diphosphate
diphosphate + geranylgeranyl diphosphate
-
-
-
-
?
geranyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
?
the enzyme also performs the synthesis of farnesyl diphosphate from geranyl diphosphate and isopentenyl diphosphate, reaction of EC 2.5.1.10. The enzyme prefers farnesyl diphosphate over other allylic substrates for coupling with IPP, it behaves like a type-III geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase. Ligand binding strutcure, overview
-
-
?
geranyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
diphosphate + trans,trans-farnesyl diphosphate
geranyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
farnesyl diphosphate + diphosphate
-
-
-
-
?
trans,trans-farnesyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
diphosphate + geranylgeranyl diphosphate
trans-3-methyl-2-octenyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
?
-
similar activity as with dimethylallyl diphosphate
-
-
?
trans-3-methyl-2-pentenyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
?
-
33% of activity with dimethylallyl diphosphate
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
diphosphate + geranylgeranyl diphosphate
-
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
diphosphate + geranylgeranyl diphosphate
the enzyme catalyze the sequential head-to-tail addition of three C5 molecules of isopentenyl diphosphate to dimethylallyl diphosphate with the concomitant release of pyrophosphate
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
diphosphate + geranylgeranyl diphosphate
-
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
diphosphate + geranylgeranyl diphosphate
-
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
diphosphate + geranylgeranyl diphosphate
preferred reaction
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
diphosphate + geranylgeranyl diphosphate
-
-
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
diphosphate + geranylgeranyl diphosphate
-
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
diphosphate + geranylgeranyl diphosphate
Deinococcus radiodurans R1 / ATCC 13939 / DSM 20539
-
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
diphosphate + geranylgeranyl diphosphate
-
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
diphosphate + geranylgeranyl diphosphate
highest specific activity is observed using geranyl diphosphate as an allylic substrate. For all allylic substrates tested, EuFPS2 shows higher chain elongation activity than does EuFSP1. Depending on the pH, the metal ion cofactor, and the cofactor concentration, EuFPS2 accumulates geranyl diphosphate as an intermediate product at a constant rate, whereas EuFPS1 synthesizes little geranyl diphosphate
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
diphosphate + geranylgeranyl diphosphate
-
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
diphosphate + geranylgeranyl diphosphate
the enzyme produces geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate as a major product and of farnesyl pyrophosphate in smaller amounts
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
diphosphate + geranylgeranyl diphosphate
the enzyme catalyze the sequential head-to-tail addition of three C5 molecules of isopentenyl diphosphate to dimethylallyl diphosphate with the concomitant release of pyrophosphate. Under environmental stresses, Haematococcus pluvialis accumulates large amounts of carotenoids. Scale of carotenoid biosynthesis depends on availability of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate precursor, which is supplied by GGPP synthase through sequential 1'-4 condensation of three isopentenyl pyrophosphates into dimethylallyl pyrophosphate
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
diphosphate + geranylgeranyl diphosphate
the enzyme catalyze the sequential head-to-tail addition of three C5 molecules of isopentenyl diphosphate to dimethylallyl diphosphate with the concomitant release of pyrophosphate
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
diphosphate + geranylgeranyl diphosphate
-
-
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
diphosphate + geranylgeranyl diphosphate
-
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
diphosphate + geranylgeranyl diphosphate
-
-
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
diphosphate + geranylgeranyl diphosphate
the enzyme is involved in the astaxanthin biosynthesis pathway
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
diphosphate + geranylgeranyl diphosphate
Phaffia rhodozyma CGMCC As2.1557
the enzyme is involved in the astaxanthin biosynthesis pathway
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
diphosphate + geranylgeranyl diphosphate
-
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
diphosphate + geranylgeranyl diphosphate
bifunctional farnesyl/geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
diphosphate + geranylgeranyl diphosphate
-
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
diphosphate + geranylgeranyl diphosphate
-
-
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
diphosphate + geranylgeranyl diphosphate
-
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
diphosphate + geranylgeranyl diphosphate
-
-
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
diphosphate + geranylgeranyl diphosphate
-
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
diphosphate + geranylgeranyl diphosphate
the enzyme is involved in biosynthesis of cyclooctatin
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
diphosphate + geranylgeranyl diphosphate
Streptomyces melanosporofaciens M1614-43f2
-
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
diphosphate + geranylgeranyl diphosphate
Streptomyces melanosporofaciens M1614-43f2
the enzyme is involved in biosynthesis of cyclooctatin
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
diphosphate + geranylgeranyl diphosphate
biosynthesis of geranylgeranyl diphosphate, a precursor for the ether-linked lipids
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
diphosphate + geranylgeranyl diphosphate
(2Z,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate is not a substrate. Dimethylallyl diphosphate, geranyl diphosphate, and (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate are good substrates, with maximal activity for dimethylallyl diphosphate
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
diphosphate + geranylgeranyl diphosphate
dimethylallyl diphosphate, geranyl diphosphate, and (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate are, in decreasing order of activity, acceptable as allylic substrates to produce geranylgeranyl diphosphate. When dimethylallyl diphosphate or geranyl diphosphate are the allylic substrates, a significant amount of mixture of the products is shorter than geranylgeranyl diphosphate. (2Z,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate is not a substrate
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
diphosphate + geranylgeranyl diphosphate
-
the wild-type enzyme produces mostly 87% geranylgeranyl diphosphate. The mutant enzymes F77G, F77G/H114A, F77G/H114G, H114A, and H114G give C30, C45, C50, C30 and C40 as the main long product, respectively
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
diphosphate + geranylgeranyl diphosphate
biosynthesis of geranylgeranyl diphosphate, a precursor for the ether-linked lipids
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
diphosphate + geranylgeranyl diphosphate
-
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
diphosphate + geranylgeranyl diphosphate
the enzyme is involved in Cyanobacterial terpenoid biosynthesis
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
diphosphate + geranylgeranyl diphosphate
-
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
diphosphate + geranylgeranyl diphosphate
the enzyme is involved in Cyanobacterial terpenoid biosynthesis
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
geranylgeranyl diphosphate + diphosphate
-
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
geranylgeranyl diphosphate + diphosphate
-
-
-
-
?
(E)-3-methyl-2-dodecenyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
(2E,5E)-3,6-dimethylpentadeca-2,5-dien-1-yl diphosphate + diphosphate
-
-
-
-
?
(E)-3-methyl-2-dodecenyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
(2E,5E)-3,6-dimethylpentadeca-2,5-dien-1-yl diphosphate + diphosphate
-
45% of the activity with farnesyl diphosphate
-
-
?
(E,E)-farnesyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
diphosphate + geranylgeranyl diphosphate
heterodimer of small and large subunit
-
-
?
(E,E)-farnesyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
diphosphate + geranylgeranyl diphosphate
-
in vitro, but not in vivo activity. In vivo, enzyme displays geranyl diphosphate synthase activity, EC 2.5.1.1
-
-
?
(E,E)-farnesyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
diphosphate + geranylgeranyl diphosphate
-
-
-
?
(E,E)-farnesyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
diphosphate + geranylgeranyl diphosphate
-
isoforms TC5826 and TC11329, i.e. GGPPS2 and GGPPS1, respectively
-
-
?
(E,E)-farnesyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
diphosphate + geranylgeranyl diphosphate
-
-
-
-
?
(E,E)-farnesyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
diphosphate + geranylgeranyl diphosphate
-
-
-
?
(E,E)-farnesyl diphosphate + isopentenyl diphosphate
diphosphate + geranylgeranyl diphosphate
the expression level of the active GGPS is at least regulated through the splicing of intron 4b of its gene
-
-