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EC Tree
IUBMB Comments A group of enzymes of broad specificity. R may be an aliphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic group; X may be a sulfate, nitrile or halide group. Also catalyses the addition of aliphatic epoxides and arene oxides to glutathione, the reduction of polyol nitrate by glutathione to polyol and nitrile, certain isomerization reactions and disulfide interchange.
The taxonomic range for the selected organisms is: Zea mays The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Bacteria, Eukaryota, Archaea
Synonyms
gst, glutathione s-transferase, gstm1, gstp1, gstt1, glutathione-s-transferase, glutathione transferase, gsta1, gst pi, gstm3,
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glutathione S-alkyl transferase
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glutathione S-aralkyltransferase
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glutathione S-aryltransferase
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glutathione S-transferase
glutathione S-transferase I
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glutathione S-transferase X
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GSH S-transferase
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S-(hydroxyalkyl)glutathione lyase
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glutathione S-transferase
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glutathione S-transferase
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RX + glutathione = HX + R-S-glutathione
the enzyme uses a rapid equilibrium random sequential bi-bi mechanism with intrasubunit modulation between GSH binding site, the G-site, and electrophile binding site, the H-site, Trp12, Phe35 and Ile118 are involved in substrate binding, Phe35 is important for catalytic activity
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aryl group transfer
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RX:glutathione R-transferase
A group of enzymes of broad specificity. R may be an aliphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic group; X may be a sulfate, nitrile or halide group. Also catalyses the addition of aliphatic epoxides and arene oxides to glutathione, the reduction of polyol nitrate by glutathione to polyol and nitrile, certain isomerization reactions and disulfide interchange.
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glutathione + 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene
S-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)glutathione + HCl
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-
?
1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene + glutathione
S-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)glutathione + HCl
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?
ethacrynic acid + glutathione
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?
glutathione + 1-chloro-2,3-dinitrobenzoate
?
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?
glutathione + 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene
chloride + 2,4-dinitrophenyl-glutathione
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?
glutathione + 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene
S-2,4-dinitrophenylglutathione + HCl
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?
glutathione + butachlor
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?
glutathione + fluorodifen
4-nitrophenol + 2-nitro-4-trifluoromethylphenol-glutathione
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?
glutathione + terbuthylazine
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?
RX + glutathione
HX + R-S-glutathione
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RX: R: aliphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic, X: sulfate, nitrite or halide, enzyme also catalyzes: the addition of aliphatic epoxides and arene oxides to glutathione, the reduction of polyol nitrate by glutathione to polyol and nitrite, certain isomerization reactions and disulfide interchange
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glutathione + alachlor
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i.e. 2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-N-(methoxymethyl)acetamide
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glutathione + alachlor
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isozyme GSTI
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glutathione + alachlor
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i.e. 2-chloro-N-[2,6-diethylphenyl]-N-[methoxymethyl]acetamide, isozyme GSTI
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glutathione + alachlor
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isozyme GSTI
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?
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K+
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no enzyme activity with potassium phosphate concentrations below 20 mM, optimal concentration 50 mM
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additional information
bulky compounds with two aromatic rings, e.g. phenylurea-based insecticides, behave as strong inhibitors showing inhibition between 75% and 94%
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additional information
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bulky compounds with two aromatic rings, e.g. phenylurea-based insecticides, behave as strong inhibitors showing inhibition between 75% and 94%
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benoxacor
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herbicide safener, activates the enzyme in shoots
cloquintocet-mexyl
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herbicide safener, activates the enzyme in shoots
fenchlorazole-ethyl
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herbicide safener, activates the enzyme in shoots
fenclorim
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herbicide safener, activates the enzyme in shoots
fluxofenim
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herbicide safener, activates the enzyme in shoots
additional information
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no enzyme activation by oxabetrinil, a herbicide safener
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0.21 - 20.7
1-chloro-2,3-dinitrobenzoate
1.07 - 3
1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene
0.00006 - 0.0019
Ethacrynic acid
additional information
additional information
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thermodynamics and kinetics of recombinant wild-type and mutant enzymes, the rate-limiting step of the reaction is viscosity-dependent product release
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0.21
1-chloro-2,3-dinitrobenzoate
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mutant enzyme I118F
1.6
1-chloro-2,3-dinitrobenzoate
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wild-type enzyme GST I
3.5
1-chloro-2,3-dinitrobenzoate
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mutant enzyme T12P
6.9
1-chloro-2,3-dinitrobenzoate
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mutant enzyme T12I
20.7
1-chloro-2,3-dinitrobenzoate
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mutant enzyme F35L
1.07
1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene
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pH 6.5, 35°C, in presence of fluxofenim
1.081
1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene
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pH 6.5, 35°C, in presence of cloquintocet-mexyl
1.342
1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene
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pH 6.5, 35°C, in presence of benoxacor
1.372
1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene
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pH 6.5, 35°C, in presence of fenchlorazole-ethyl
1.442
1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene
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pH 6.5, 35°C, in presence of fenclorim
1.626
1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene
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pH 6.5, 35°C, in presence of oxabetrinil
1.79
1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene
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pH 6.5, 35°C
2.8
1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene
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GST II
3
1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene
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GST I
0.042
alachlor
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pH 6.5, 30°C, recombinant mutant I118F
0.18
alachlor
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pH 6.5, 30°C, recombinant wild-type enzyme
0.6
alachlor
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i.e. 2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-N-(methoxymethyl)acetamide
0.82
alachlor
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pH 6.5, 30°C, recombinant mutant W12I
7.23
alachlor
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pH 6.5, 30°C, recombinant mutant F35L
0.00006
Ethacrynic acid
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mutant enzyme I118F
0.0005
Ethacrynic acid
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wild-type enzyme GST I
0.0008
Ethacrynic acid
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mutant enzyme T12P
0.00094
Ethacrynic acid
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mutant enzyme T12I
0.0019
Ethacrynic acid
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mutant enzyme F35L
0.73
glutathione
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pH 6.5, 30°C, recombinant mutant W12I
0.76
glutathione
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pH 6.5, 30°C, recombinant mutant I118F
0.83
glutathione
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pH 6.5, 30°C, recombinant wild-type enzyme
3.92
glutathione
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pH 6.5, 30°C, recombinant mutant F35L
0.0125
GSH
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mutant enzyme T12P, reaction with ethacrynic acid
0.0406
GSH
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mutant enzyme F35L, reaction with ethacrynic acid
0.0608
GSH
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mutant enzyme T12I, reaction with ethacrynic acid
0.0726
GSH
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mutant enzyme I118F, reaction with ethacrynic acid
0.0755
GSH
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wild-type enzyme GST I, reaction with ethacrynic acid
0.1
GSH
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mutant enzyme T12P, reaction with 1-chloro-2,3-dinitrobenzoate
0.8
GSH
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mutant enzyme T12I, reaction with 1-chloro-2,3-dinitrobenzoate
0.9
GSH
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mutant enzyme I118F, reaction with 1-chloro-2,3-dinitrobenzoate
1.1
GSH
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wild-type enzyme GST I, reaction with 1-chloro-2,3-dinitrobenzoate
3.5
GSH
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mutant enzyme F35L, reaction with 1-chloro-2,3-dinitrobenzoate
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0.00011 - 0.00048
alachlor
additional information
additional information
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0.00011
alachlor
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pH 6.5, 30°C, recombinant mutant W12I
0.00019
alachlor
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pH 6.5, 30°C, recombinant mutant F35L
0.00046
alachlor
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pH 6.5, 30°C, recombinant mutant I118F
0.00048
alachlor
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pH 6.5, 30°C, recombinant wild-type enzyme
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0.0297 - 0.0861
malathion
additional information
additional information
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0.0297
malathion
pH 6.5, 37°C, versus 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene
0.0861
malathion
pH 6.5, 37°C, versus glutathione
additional information
additional information
inhibition kinetics of wild-type and mutant enzymes, overview
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additional information
additional information
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inhibition kinetics of wild-type and mutant enzymes, overview
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0.00087
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substrate terbuthylazine
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isozyme GST I
Uniprot
brenda
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etiolated
brenda
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brenda
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brenda
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brenda
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GSTF1_MAIZE
214
0
23822
Swiss-Prot
other Location (Reliability: 5 )
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29000
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2 * 29000, enzyme GST II, SDS-PAGE
29000
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2 * 29000, enzyme GST I, SDS-PAGE
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dimer
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dimer
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2 * 29000, enzyme GST II, SDS-PAGE
dimer
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2 * 29000, enzyme GST I, SDS-PAGE
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Q53A
site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant of isozyme GST I exhibits 9.2fold higher inhibition potency for the insecticide malathion compared to the wild-type enzyme, mutant immobilization by crosslinking with glutaraldehyde for formation of a malathion biosensor, overview
W12P
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turnover number with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzoate is 7.6% of the wild-type value, the ratio of turnover number to KM-value is 3.7% of the wild-type value, turnover number with ethacrynic acid is 9.5% of the wild-type value
F35L
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turnover number with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzoate is 83.9% of the wild-type value, the ratio of turnover number to KM-value is 5.6% of the wild-type value, turnover number with ethacrynic acid is 65% of the wild-type value
F35L
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site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant shows highly reduced activity with alachlor compared to the wild-type enzyme
I118F
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turnover number with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzoate is 55% of the wild-type value, the ratio of turnover number to KM-value is 419% of the wild-type value, turnover number with ethacrynic acid is 54% of the wild-type value
I118F
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site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant shows increased activity with alachlor compared to the wild-type enzyme
W12I
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turnover number with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzoate is 47.7% of the wild-type value, the ratio of turnover number to KM-value is 11.1% of the wild-type value, turnover number with ethacrynic acid is 35% of the wild-type value
W12I
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site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant shows reduced activity with alachlor compared to the wild-type enzyme
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the presence of GSH or glycerol at 20% v/v exhibits significant stabilizing effects on the purified enzyme mutant Q53A
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4°C, purified mutant Q53A, 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7.5, almost complete inactivation within 16 days, half-life of mutant inactivation is 12 days in the absence of stabilizers, or 18 days and 16 days in the presence of GSH and glycerol, respectively
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native enzyme partially from shoots by ammonium sulfate fractionation and desalting
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analysis
immobilized GST mutant Gln53Ala is used to assemble a biosensor for malathion
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Edwards, R.
Characterization of glutathione transferases and glutathione peroxidases in pea (Pisum sativum)
Physiol. Plant.
98
594-604
1996
Medicago sativa, Phaseolus coccineus, Phaseolus vulgaris, Pisum sativum, Trifolium repens, Triticum aestivum, Zea mays
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brenda
Jakoby, W.B.; Keen, J.H.
A triple-threat in detoxification: the glutathione S-transferases
Trends Biochem. Sci.
2
229-231
1977
Homo sapiens, Pisum sativum, Rattus norvegicus, Zea mays
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brenda
Mozer, T.J.; Tiemeier, D.C.; Jaworski, E.G.
Purification and characterization of corn glutathione S-transferase
Biochemistry
22
1068-1072
1983
Zea mays
brenda
Labrou, N.E.; Kotzia, G.A.; Clonis, Y.D.
Engineering the xenobiotic substrate specificity of maize glutathione S-transferase I
Protein Eng. Des. Sel.
17
741-748
2004
Zea mays
brenda
Scarponi, L.; Quagliarini, E.; Del Buono, D.
Induction of wheat and maize glutathione S-transferase by some herbicide safeners and their effect on enzyme activity against butachlor and terbuthylazine
Pest Manag. Sci.
62
927-932
2006
Triticum aestivum, Zea mays
brenda
Labrou, N.E.; Karavangeli, M.; Tsaftaris, A.; Clonis, Y.D.
Kinetic analysis of maize glutathione S-transferase I catalysing the detoxification from chloroacetanilide herbicides
Planta
222
91-97
2005
Zea mays
brenda
Kapoli, P.; Axarli, I.A.; Platis, D.; Fragoulaki, M.; Paine, M.; Hemingway, J.; Vontas, J.; Labrou, N.E.
Engineering sensitive glutathione transferase for the detection of xenobiotics
Biosens. Bioelectron.
24
498-503
2008
Zea mays (P12653), Zea mays
brenda
Transporter Classification Database (TCDB):
1.A.12.2.1