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Information on EC 2.5.1.116 - homogentisate geranylgeranyltransferase and Organism(s) Hordeum vulgare and UniProt Accession Q7XB14

for references in articles please use BRENDA:EC2.5.1.116
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EC Tree
IUBMB Comments
Requires Mg2+ for activity. Involved in the biosynthesis of the vitamin E, tocotrienols. While the enzyme from the bacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803 has higher activity with phytyl diphosphate (EC 2.5.1.115, homogentisate phytyltransferase), the enzymes from barley, rice and wheat have only a low activity with that substrate .
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This record set is specific for:
Hordeum vulgare
UNIPROT: Q7XB14
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The taxonomic range for the selected organisms is: Hordeum vulgare
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Bacteria, Eukaryota
Synonyms
homogentisate geranylgeranyltransferase, homogentisic acid geranylgeranyl transferase, more
SYNONYM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
homogentisic acid geranylgeranyl transferase
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slr1736
-
-
SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
geranylgeranyl diphosphate:homogentisate geranylgeranyltransferase
Requires Mg2+ for activity. Involved in the biosynthesis of the vitamin E, tocotrienols. While the enzyme from the bacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803 has higher activity with phytyl diphosphate (EC 2.5.1.115, homogentisate phytyltransferase), the enzymes from barley, rice and wheat have only a low activity with that substrate [2].
SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT                       
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
geranylgeranyl diphosphate + homogentisate
diphosphate + 6-geranylgeranyl-2-methylbenzene-1,4-diol + CO2
show the reaction diagram
NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
geranylgeranyl diphosphate + homogentisate
diphosphate + 6-geranylgeranyl-2-methylbenzene-1,4-diol + CO2
show the reaction diagram
-
the enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of the vitamin E, tocotrienols. It uses primarily geranylgeranyl diphosphate as a substrate, but is capable of generating the 2-methyl-6-phytylbenzoquinol precursor of tocopherols, particularly in the presence of elevated ratios of phytyl diphosphate:geranylgeranyl diphosphate
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-
?
METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
Mg2+
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required
KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.00014
geranylgeranyl diphosphate
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pH and temperature not specified in the publication
ORGANISM
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
cv.Barsoy
UniProt
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
SOURCE
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expressed primarily in seed endosperm
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
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expressed primarily in seed endosperm
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
-
in seeds
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
physiological function
transgenic expression of the barley homogentisic acid geranylgeranyl transferase in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves results in accumulation of tocotrienols, which are absent from leaves of nontransformed plants, and a 10- to 15fold increase in total tocotrienols plus tocopherols. Overexpression of the barley enzyme in corn seeds results in an increase in tocotrienol and tocopherol content of as much as 6fold
physiological function
-
the enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of the vitamin E, tocotrienols
UNIPROT
ENTRY NAME
ORGANISM
NO. OF AA
NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]
SOURCE
SEQUENCE
LOCALIZATION PREDICTION?
HGGT_HORVU
408
6
45092
Swiss-Prot
Chloroplast (Reliability: 4)
CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
expressed under the control of the polyhedron promoter in Sf-9 cells using baculovirus-mediated transfection
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REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Yang, W.; Cahoon, R.E.; Hunter, S.C.; Zhang, C.; Han, J.; Borgschulte, T.; Cahoon, E.B.
Vitamin E biosynthesis: functional characterization of the monocot homogentisate geranylgeranyl transferase
Plant J.
65
206-217
2011
Hordeum vulgare, Hordeum vulgare cv. Morex
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Cahoon, E.B.; Hall, S.E.; Ripp, K.G.; Ganzke, T.S.; Hitz, W.D.; Coughlan, S.J.
Metabolic redesign of vitamin E biosynthesis in plants for tocotrienol production and increased antioxidant content
Nat. Biotechnol.
21
1082-1087
2003
Hordeum vulgare (Q7XB14), Hordeum vulgare
Manually annotated by BRENDA team