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Information on EC 2.4.2.24 - 1,4-beta-D-xylan synthase and Organism(s) Arabidopsis thaliana and UniProt Accession Q9ZQC6
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EC Tree
2.4.2.24 1,4-beta-D-xylan synthaseSpecify your search results
Word Map
- 2.4.2.24
- xylans
- polysaccharide
- glycosyltransferases
- glucuronoxylan
- arabinoxylans
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glucuronyltransferase
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hemicellulosic
- rhamnogalacturonan
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synthase-like
- arabinan
- mucilage
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xylooligomers
- biotechnology
The taxonomic range for the selected organisms is: Arabidopsis thaliana
The enzyme appears in selected viruses and cellular organisms
The enzyme appears in selected viruses and cellular organisms
Synonyms
irx14, irx10, xylan synthase, irx10l, atcsld5, xylan synthetase, ptrgt43b, ptrgt43c, irregular xylem9, beta-1,4-xylan synthase, 
more
topSYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
1,4-beta-xylan synthase
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Arabidopsis thaliana cellulose synthase-like gene D family gene 5
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IRX10
synthase, 1,4-beta-xylan
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xylan synthase
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xylan synthetase
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xylosyltransferase, uridine diphosphoxylose-1,4-beta-xylan
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
pentosyl group transfer
pentosyl group transfer
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
UDP-D-xylose:(1->4)-beta-D-xylan 4-beta-D-xylosyltransferase
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
37277-73-9
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
UDP-D-xylose + (1,4-beta-D-xylan)n
UDP + (1,4-beta-D-xylan)n+1
microsomes isolated from transgenic BY2 cells are tested for XylT activity using xylotetraose (Xyl4) as an acceptor and UDP-xylose as a donor. Up to five xylosyl residues with beta-(1,4)-linkages are able to be incorporated by IRX9/IRX14-expressing microsomes
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?
UDP-D-galacturonic acid + (1,4-beta-D-galacturonic acid)n
UDP + (1,4-beta-D-galacturonic acid)n+1
homogalacturonan synthase activity (substrate: galacturonic acid, GalA) decreased in absence of ATCSLD5 (ATCSLD5-1 mutant line)
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?
UDP-D-xylose + ((1,4-beta-D-xylooligosaccharide)n)-anthranilic acid
UDP + ((1,4-beta-D-xylooligosaccharide)n+1)-anthranilic acid
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0.1 mM UDP-xylose + 0.5 mM anthranilic acid (AA) labelled xylooligosaccharides (Xyl(2) to Xyl(6)) as acceptor, 200 microgram microsomes, 21°C, pH 6.8, in presence of 5 mM MnCl2, 1 mM dithiothreitol, 0.5% Triton X-100
xylooligosaccharides (up to Xyl(12)) purified by HPLC and analysed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry
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?
UDP-D-xylose + (1,4-beta-D-xylooligosaccharide)n
UDP + (1,4-beta-D-xylooligosaccharide)n+1
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0.1 mM radiolabelled UDP-D-xylose + 0.2 microgram/microlitre (1,4-beta-D-xylopyranose)6, 100 microgram microsomes, 21°C, pH 6.8, in presence of 5 mM MnCl2, 1 mM dithiothreitol, 0.5% Triton X-100, reaction dependent on time and protein concentration
reduction in XylT activity in microsomal fraction of stems from irx9 mutant plants compared to wild-type plants in presence of exogenous substrates can be abolished by complementation with wild-type IRX9 gene, product quantification by scintillation counting
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?
UDP-D-xylose + (1,4-beta-D-xylopyranose)6
UDP + (1,4-beta-D-xylopyranose)7
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?
UDP-D-xylose + beta-1,4-xylotriose
UDP + ?
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the reaction leads to extension of the beta-1,4-xylotriose by up to five xylose residues, beta-1,4-xylotetraose, beta-1,4-xylopentose, and beta-1,4-xylohexose
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?
UDP-D-xylose + [(1->4)-beta-D-xylan]n
UDP + [(1->4)-beta-D-xylan]n+1
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?
UDP-D-xylose + (1,4-beta-D-xylan)n
UDP + (1,4-beta-D-xylan)n+1
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precipitation of product by 70% ethanol (final concentration) in presence of wheat arabinoxylan, followed by washing and scintillation counting, control for incorporation into (1,4-beta-D-xylan) by digestion with endo-xylanase
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?
UDP-D-xylose + (1,4-beta-D-xylan)n
UDP + (1,4-beta-D-xylan)n+1
beta-(1,4)-xylan synthase activity, biosynthesis of xylan (major component of dicot wood)
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?
UDP-D-xylose + (1,4-beta-D-xylan)n
UDP + (1,4-beta-D-xylan)n+1
microsomes isolated from transgenic BY2 cells are tested for XylT activity using xylotetraose (Xyl4) as an acceptor and UDP-xylose as a donor. Up to five xylosyl residues with beta-(1,4)-linkages are able to be incorporated by IRX9/IRX14-expressing microsomes
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?
additional information
?
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xylosyltransferase (XylT) activity, biosynthesis of xylan, a major component of dicot wood
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?
additional information
?
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synthesis of xylooligosaccharides from Xyl(6)-anthranilic acid by XylT activity in microsomal fractions of stems from irx9 mutant plants: after up to 5 h mixture of Xyl(7) to Xyl(9) only, Xyl(7) predominates
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?
additional information
?
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synthesis of xylooligosaccharides from Xyl(6)-anthranilic acid by XylT activity in microsomal fractions of stems from wild-type plants: after 2 h Xyl(7) to Xyl(9) predominate, after 5 h increased proportion of Xyl(10) to Xyl(12)
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?
additional information
?
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Xyl(1)-anthranilic acid is not acceptor for XylT activity in microsomal fractions of stems from wild-type plants
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?
additional information
?
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Xyl(2)-anthranilic acid is a weak acceptor for XylT activity in microsomal fractions of stems from wild-type plants
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?
additional information
?
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Xyl(3)-anthranilic acid to Xyl(6)-anthranilic acid are readily accepted by XylT activity in microsomal fractions of stems from wild-type plants
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?
additional information
?
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Xyl(4)-anthranilic acid is acceptor for synthesis of xylooligosaccharides of sizes from Xyl(5) to Xyl(11) by XylT activity in microsomal fractions of stems from wild-type plants within 2 h, prolonged incubation time (5-8 h) leads to increased proportion of Xyl(9) to Xyl(11) but not to synthesis of longer xylooligosaccharides
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?
additional information
?
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no activity with UDP-glucose, UDP-arabinopyranose, or UDP-arabinofuranose
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NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
UDP-D-xylose + (1,4-beta-D-xylan)n
UDP + (1,4-beta-D-xylan)n+1
beta-(1,4)-xylan synthase activity, biosynthesis of xylan (major component of dicot wood)
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?
UDP-D-xylose + [(1->4)-beta-D-xylan]n
UDP + [(1->4)-beta-D-xylan]n+1
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?
additional information
?
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xylosyltransferase (XylT) activity, biosynthesis of xylan, a major component of dicot wood
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?
ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
UDP-D-glucuronic acid
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30% increased XylT activity in microsomal fractions of stems from wild-type plants possibly due to increased solubility of xylooligomers
KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
10.6
(1,4-beta-D-xylopyranose)6
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microsomal fractions of stems from wild-type plants
SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
0.0000218
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with respect to (1,4-beta-D-xylopyranose)6, microsomal fractions of stems from wild-type plants
additional information
additional information
microsomal homogalacturonan synthase activity reduced in absence of ATCSLD5 (ATCSLD5-1 mutant line)
additional information
microsomal xylan synthase activity reduced in absence of ATCSLD5 (ATCSLD5-1 mutant line)
additional information
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substantial decrease in XylT activity and deficiency in elongation of xylooligosaccharides in microsomal fractions of stems from irx9 mutant plants
pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
TEMPERATURE RANGE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
SOURCE
cell layer of middle stem between second xylem interfasicular region and cortex corresponding to vascular cambium, ATCSLD5 promoter driven beta-glucuronidase (GUS) expression
vasicular tissue, ATCSLD5 promoter driven beta-glucuronidase (GUS) expression
vasicular tissue, ATCSLD5 promoter driven beta-glucuronidase (GUS) expression
weak expression in cortical and pith cells, ATCSLD5 promoter driven beta-glucuronidase (GUS) expression
weak expression, ATCSLD5 promoter driven beta-glucuronidase (GUS) expression, possibly false positive due to loading of GUS reaction products via symplastic connections
shorter in absence of ATCSLD5 (ATCSLD5-1 mutant line) compared to wild-type plants, severe reduction in root length in presence of cellulose synthase inhibitor isoxaben abolished by complementation with wild-type ATCSLD5
vasicular tissue, ATCSLD5 promoter driven beta-glucuronidase (GUS) expression
additional information
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beta-1,4-D-xylan synthase is reduced by about 40% in qua1-1 stems relative to wild type
ATCSLD5-1 mutant line: reaction product 1,4-beta-D-xylan reduction most pronounced in top portion (independent of stem hight), absent from interfasicular tissue as revealed by immunocytochemistry
reaction product 1,4-beta-D-xylan detectable in top, middle and base portion, present in xylem and interfasicular tissue as revealed by immunocytochemistry, ATCSLD5 most abundant during stem elongation between day 21 and 25 (in silico analysis)
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XylT activity in microsomal fraction only in presence of exogenous Xyl(6), wild-type plant
additional information
absent from flowers and siliques, ATCSLD5 promoter driven beta-glucuronidase (GUS) expression
additional information
complete loss of ATCSLD5 expression in mutant line atcsld5-1 with T-DNA homozygote insertion in first exon of ATCSLD5 gene, revealed by RT-PCR from 6-week old plants
LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
N-terminal YFP tag (YFP-ATCSLD5), expression in Nicotiana benthamiana, confocal laser scanning, co-localisation with Golgi-marker STtmd-GFP, no co-localisation with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) marker HDEL-GFP, C-terminal fluorescent protein tag leads to mistargeting of ATCSLD5-YFP to ER
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activity in microsomal fractions enriched with Golgi marker enzyme inosin diphosphatase
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GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
metabolism
IRX9 and IRX14 are xylosyltransferases that operate cooperatively in the elongation of the xylan backbone
physiological function
microsomes isolated from cells with co-expression of IRX9 and IRX14 exhibit a high level of XylT activity toward xylooligomer acceptors, whereas those from cells with expression of IRX9 or IRX14 alone do not
metabolism
physiological function
microsomes isolated from cells with co-expression of IRX9 and IRX14 exhibit a high level of XylT activity toward xylooligomer acceptors, whereas those from cells with expression of IRX9 or IRX14 alone do not
metabolism
IRX9 and IRX14 are xylosyltransferases that operate cooperatively in the elongation of the xylan backbone
metabolism
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the enzyme catalyzes the production of the backbone of 1,4-beta-D-xylans
UNIPROT
ENTRY NAME
ORGANISM
NO. OF AA
NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]
SOURCE
SEQUENCE
LOCALIZATION PREDICTION
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable).
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable). IRX9_ARATH
351
1
40059
Swiss-Prot
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 4)
PURIFICATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
activity in microsomal fractions from stems, roots, leaves and seedlings, homogenized with mortar and pestle in 50 mM HEPES pH7.3, 0.4 M sucrose followed by differential centrifugation, storage at -80°C
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microsomal extraction by differential centrifugation using 50 mM HEPES-NaOH pH7.3, 400 microM sucrose, 4 mM dithiothreitol, EDTA for beta-(1,4)-xylan synthase activity measurements
CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
genomic DNA from BAC clone T2I1 in (i) pGEMTeasy for expression in Escherichia coli XL1Blue and sequencing, (ii) pCAMBIA2300 for transformation in Agrobacterium tumefaciens GV3101 and floral-flip plant transformation, (iii) pCAMBIA230035SuYFP (C-terminal yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) tag) and (iv) pCAMBIA330035SYFPu (N-terminal YFP tag) for expression and subcellular localization in Nicotiana benthamiana
REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Orfila, C.; S?rensen, S.O.; Harholt, J.; Geshi, N.; Crombie, H.; Truong, H.N.; Reid, J.S.; Knox, J.P.; Scheller, H.V.
QUASIMODO1 is expressed in vascular tissue of Arabidopsis thaliana inflorescence stems, and affects homogalacturonan and xylan biosynthesis
Planta
222
613-622
2005
Arabidopsis thaliana
Lee, C.; ONeill, M.A.; Tsumuraya, Y.; Darvill, A.G.; Ye, Z.
The irregular xylem9 mutant is deficient in xylan xylosyltransferase activity
Plant Cell Physiol.
48
1624-1634
2007
Arabidopsis thaliana
Bernal, A.J.; Jensen, J.K.; Harholt, J.; S?rensen, S.; Moller, I.; Blaukopf, C.; Johansen, B.; de Lotto, R.; Pauly, M.; Scheller, H.V.; Willats, W.G.
Disruption of ATCSLD5 results in reduced growth, reduced xylan and homogalacturonan synthase activity and altered xylan occurrence in Arabidopsis
Plant J.
52
791-802
2007
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9SRW9)
Lee, C.; Zhong, R.; Ye, Z.H.
Arabidopsis family GT43 members are xylan xylosyltransferases required for the elongation of the xylan backbone
Plant Cell Physiol.
53
135-143
2012
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q8L707), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9ZQC6), Arabidopsis thaliana
Jensen, J.K.; Johnson, N.R.; Wilkerson, C.G.
Arabidopsis thaliana IRX10 and two related proteins from psyllium and Physcomitrella patens are xylan xylosyltransferases
Plant J.
80
207-215
2014
Arabidopsis thaliana, Physcomitrium patens, Plantago ovata
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