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Information on EC 2.4.1.92 - (N-acetylneuraminyl)-galactosylglucosylceramide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase
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EC Tree
2.4.1.92 (N-acetylneuraminyl)-galactosylglucosylceramide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferaseIUBMB Comments
This enzyme catalyses the formation of the gangliosides (i.e. sialic-acid-containing glycosphingolipids) GM2, GD2 and SM2 from GM3, GD3 and SM3, respectively. Asialo-GM3 and lactosylceramide are also substrates, but glycoproteins and oligosaccharides are not substrates.
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Word Map
- 2.4.1.92
- glycosphingolipids
- gd3
-
sialic
- lactosylceramide
- glycosyltransferases
-
sialyltransferase
-
laccer
- udp-galnac
-
a-series
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hst3gal
-
anti-gm3
-
infantile-onset
- synthesis
- medicine
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Eukaryota, Bacteria
Reaction Schemes
+
=
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+
Synonyms
gm3 synthase, gm2 synthase, gm2/gd2 synthase, gd2 synthase, gd2/gm2 synthase, beta1,4-n-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase, beta4galnacta, n-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase i, galgt1, st3gal v, 
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SYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
acetylgalactosaminyltransferase
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acetylgalactosaminyltransferase, uridine diphosphoacetylgalactosamine-ganglioside GM3
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beta-(1-4)-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase
beta1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase
beta4GalNAc-T1
CgtA
GalNAcT
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ganglioside GM2 synthase
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ganglioside GM3 acetylgalactosaminyltransferase
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GD2 synthase
GD2/GM2 synthase
GM2 synthase
GM2/GD2 synthase
GM2/GD2-synthase
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GM3 synthase
UDP acetylgalactosamine-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosylceramide
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UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-galactose:(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine acetamidodeoxygalactosyl-transferase
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UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine GM3 N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase
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UDP-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase I
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uridine diphosphoacetylgalactosamine-acetylneuraminylgalactosylglucosylceramide
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uridine diphosphoacetylgalactosamine-ganglioside GM3 acetylgalactosaminyltransferase
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uridine diphosphoacetylgalactosamine-hematoside acetylgalactosaminyltransferase
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GM2 synthase
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine + O-(N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminyl)-(2->3)-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1<->1)-ceramide = UDP + O-2-(acetylamino)-2-deoxy-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-O-[N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminyl-(2->3)]-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1<->1)-ceramide
UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine + O-(N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminyl)-(2->3)-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1<->1)-ceramide = UDP + O-2-(acetylamino)-2-deoxy-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-O-[N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminyl-(2->3)]-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1<->1)-ceramide
mechanism
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UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine + O-(N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminyl)-(2->3)-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1<->1)-ceramide = UDP + O-2-(acetylamino)-2-deoxy-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-O-[N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminyl-(2->3)]-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1<->1)-ceramide
residue 285 determines the donor substrate specificity of the enzyme, catalytic binding pocket structure, overview
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UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine + O-(N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminyl)-(2->3)-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1<->1)-ceramide = UDP + O-2-(acetylamino)-2-deoxy-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-O-[N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminyl-(2->3)]-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1<->1)-ceramide
residue 285 determines the donor substrate specificity of the enzyme, catalytic binding pocket structure, overview
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UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine + O-(N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminyl)-(2->3)-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1<->1)-ceramide = UDP + O-2-(acetylamino)-2-deoxy-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-O-[N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminyl-(2->3)]-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1<->1)-ceramide
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
hexosyl group transfer
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine:1-O-[O-(N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminosyl)-(2->3)-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-ceramide 4-beta-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyltransferase
This enzyme catalyses the formation of the gangliosides (i.e. sialic-acid-containing glycosphingolipids) GM2, GD2 and SM2 from GM3, GD3 and SM3, respectively. Asialo-GM3 [3] and lactosylceramide [2] are also substrates, but glycoproteins and oligosaccharides are not substrates.
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
67338-98-1
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
GM3(O-acetyl-(N-glycolyl)neuraminic acid) + UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine
UDP + N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-GM3(O-acetyl-(N-glycolyl)neuraminic acid)
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less effective substrate
-
-
?
human glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit + ?
glycosylated human glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit + ?
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + p-nitrophenyl-GlcNAc
UDP + Gal-beta(1-4)GlcNAc-p-nitrophenyl
50% of activity with UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine
-
-
?
UDP-GalNAc + 12-azidododecyl 5-(acetylamino)-3,5-dideoxy-beta-L-altro-non-2-ulopyranonosyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucopyranoside
UDP + 12-azidododecyl 2-(acetylamino)-2-deoxy-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-[5-(acetylamino)-3,5-dideoxy-beta-L-altro-non-2-ulopyranonosyl-(2->3)]-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucopyranoside
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-GalNAc + GlcNAcbeta1,3Fuc
UDP + GalNAcbeta1,4GlcNAcbeta1,3Fuc
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DNS-labeled acceptor substrate
-
-
?
UDP-GalNAc + n-octyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside
UDP + GalNAcbeta(1-4)-glc-n-octyl
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-GalNAc + undec-10-enyl (5-acetamido-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-alpha-D-galacto-non-2-ulopyranosylonic acid)-(2->3)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucopyranoside
UDP + undec-10-enyl (5-acetamido-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-alpha-D-galacto-non-2-ulopyranosylonic acid)-(2->3)-[2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)]-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucopyranoside
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-GalNAc + undec-10-yn-1-yl 5-(acetylamino)-3,5-dideoxy-beta-L-altro-non-2-ulopyranonosyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucopyranoside
UDP + undec-10-yn-1-yl 2-(acetylamino)-2-deoxy-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-[5-(acetylamino)-3,5-dideoxy-beta-L-altro-non-2-ulopyranonosyl-(2->3)]-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucopyranoside
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine + ganglioside GD3
UDP + ganglioside GD2
ganglioside GD3 i.e. 1-O-[O-(N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminyl)-(2->8)-O-(N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminyl)-(2->3)-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-ceramide
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine + ganglioside GM3 amide
UDP + ganglioside GM2 amide
10% of the activity with ganglioside GM3
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine + ganglioside GM3 methyl ester
UDP + ganglioside GM2 methyl ester
13% of the activity with ganglioside GM3
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine + ganglioside GM3 methylamide
UDP + ganglioside GM2 methylamide
1% of the activity with ganglioside GM3
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine + ganglioside lyso-GM3
UDP + ganglioside lyso-GM2
28% of the activity with ganglioside GM3
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine + ganglioside N-acetyl-lyso-GM3
UDP + ganglioside N-acetyl-lyso-GM2
160% of the activity with ganglioside GM3
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine + ganglioside N-octanoyl-lyso-GM3
UDP + ganglioside N-octanoyl-lyso-GM2
122% of the activity with ganglioside GM3
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine + ganglioside N1-pyrenyl-dodecanoyl-lyso-GM3
UDP + ganglioside N1-pyrenyl-dodecanoyl-lyso-GM2
102% of the activity with ganglioside GM3
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine + GD3(N-acetylneuraminic acid)-ganglioside
UDP + GD2(N-acetylneuraminic acid)-ganglioside
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine + GD3(N-glycolylneuraminic acid)-ganglioside
UDP + GD2(N-glycolylneuraminic acid)-ganglioside
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine + lactosylceramide
UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine + ganglioside GA2
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + (N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosylceramide
UDP + N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosylceramide
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + 1-O-[O-(N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminosyl)-(2-3)-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-ceramide
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + 1-O-[O-(N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminosyl)-(2-3)-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-ceramide
UDP + 1-O-[O-2-(acetylamino)-2-deoxy-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-4)-O-[N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminosyl-(2-3)]-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-ceramide
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + 1-O-[O-2-(acetylamino)-2-deoxy-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-4)-O-[N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminosyl-(2-3)]-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-ceramide
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + GM3(N-acetylneuraminic acid)-ganglioside
UDP + GM2(N-acetylneuraminic acid)-ganglioside
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + GM3(N-glycolylneuraminic acid)-ganglioside
UDP + GM2(N-glycolylneuraminic acid)-ganglioside
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + lactosylceramide
UDP + GA2-ganglioside
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + N-acetylneuraminelactose
UDP + N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-N-acetylneuraminelactose
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i.e. sialyllactose
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-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + SM3-ganglioside
UDP + SM2-ganglioside
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best substrate, no substrates are SM4-ganglioside, Gb3- and Gb4-ceramide
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine + GlcNAcbeta(1-3)GalNAcalpha-p-nitrophenol (core 3-p-nitrophenol)
UDP + GalNAcbeta(1-4)GlcNAcbeta(1-3)GalNAcalpha-p-nitrophenol
20% of activity compared with N-acetylglucosamine-beta-benzyl
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine + GlcNAcbeta(1-6)(Galbeta1-3)GalNAcalpha-p-nitrophenol (core 2-p-nitrophenol)
UDP + GalNAcbeta(1-4)GlcNAcbeta(1-6)(Galbeta1-3)GalNAcalpha-p-nitrophenol
15.2% of activity compared with N-acetylglucosamine-beta-benzyl
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine + GlcNAcbeta(1-6)GalNAcalpha-p-nitrophenol (core 6-p-nitrophenol)
UDP + GalNAcbeta(1-4)GlcNAcbeta(1-6)GalNAcalpha-p-nitrophenol
190.7% of activity compared with N-acetylglucosamine-beta-benzyl
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine + N-acetylglucosamine-beta-benzyl
N,N'-diacetyllactosediamine + benzol
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formation of beta-1,4-linkage
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?
UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine + p-nitrophenyl-GlcNAc
UDP + GalNac-beta(1-4)GlcNAc-p-nitrophenyl
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetylglucosamine + p-nitrophenyl-GlcNAc
UDP + GlcNAc-beta(1-4)GlcNAc-p-nitrophenyl
50% of activity with UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine + ganglioside GM3
UDP + ganglioside GM2
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine + ganglioside GM3
UDP + ganglioside GM2
ganglioside GM3 i.e. 1-O-[O-(N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminyl)-(2->3)-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-ceramide
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine + ganglioside GM3
UDP + ganglioside GM2
ganglioside GM3 i.e. 1-O-[O-(N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminyl)-(2->3)-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-ceramideganglioside
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + (N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosylceramide
UDP + N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosylceramide
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + (N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosylceramide
UDP + N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosylceramide
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + (N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosylceramide
UDP + N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosylceramide
-
from human spleen or rat liver
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-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + (N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosylceramide
UDP + N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosylceramide
i.e. GM3(N-acetylneuraminic acid), best substrate
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + (N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosylceramide
UDP + N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosylceramide
relative glycosyltransferase levels involved in determining the ganglioside composition of cells
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + (N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosylceramide
UDP + N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosylceramide
-
73%-78% as effective as GM3(N-glycolylneuraminic acid)
i.e. GM2(N-acetylneuraminic acid)-ganglioside
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + (N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosylceramide
UDP + N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosylceramide
-
-
i.e. GM2(N-acetylneuraminic acid)-ganglioside
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + (N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosylceramide
UDP + N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosylceramide
-
-
i.e. GM2(N-acetylneuraminic acid)-ganglioside
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + (N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosylceramide
UDP + N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosylceramide
-
-
i.e. GM2(N-acetylneuraminic acid)-ganglioside
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + (N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosylceramide
UDP + N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosylceramide
-
-
i.e. GM2(N-acetylneuraminic acid)-ganglioside
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + (N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosylceramide
UDP + N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosylceramide
-
73%-78% as effective as GM3(N-glycolylneuraminic acid)
i.e. GM2(N-acetylneuraminic acid)-ganglioside
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + (N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosylceramide
UDP + N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosylceramide
-
from human spleen or rat liver
i.e. GM2(N-acetylneuraminic acid)-ganglioside
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + (N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosylceramide
UDP + N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosylceramide
-
less effective: GM3(O-acetyl-(N-glycolyl)neuraminic acid)
i.e. GM2(N-acetylneuraminic acid)-ganglioside
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + (N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosylceramide
UDP + N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosylceramide
-
i.e. GM3(N-acetylneuraminic acid), best substrate
i.e. GM2(N-acetylneuraminic acid)-ganglioside
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + (N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosylceramide
UDP + N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosylceramide
-
model for ganglioside biosynthesis
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + (N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosylceramide
UDP + N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosylceramide
-
involved in biosynthesis of gangliosides in brain
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + 1-O-[O-(N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminosyl)-(2-3)-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-ceramide
?
-
ganglioside GM3
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + 1-O-[O-(N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminosyl)-(2-3)-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-ceramide
?
-
ganglioside GM3
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + 1-O-[O-(N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminosyl)-(2-3)-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-ceramide
UDP + 1-O-[O-2-(acetylamino)-2-deoxy-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-4)-O-[N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminosyl-(2-3)]-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-ceramide
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + 1-O-[O-(N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminosyl)-(2-3)-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-ceramide
UDP + 1-O-[O-2-(acetylamino)-2-deoxy-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-4)-O-[N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminosyl-(2-3)]-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-ceramide
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + 1-O-[O-2-(acetylamino)-2-deoxy-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-4)-O-[N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminosyl-(2-3)]-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-ceramide
?
-
ganglioside GM2
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + 1-O-[O-2-(acetylamino)-2-deoxy-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-4)-O-[N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminosyl-(2-3)]-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-ceramide
?
-
ganglioside GM2
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + GD3-ganglioside
UDP + GD2-ganglioside
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + GD3-ganglioside
UDP + GD2-ganglioside
-
GD3(N-glycolylneuraminic acid): 66% as effective as GM3(N-glycolylneuraminic acid), GD3(N-acetylneuraminic acid): 76% as effective as GM3(N-glycolylneuraminic acid)
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + GD3-ganglioside
UDP + GD2-ganglioside
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + GM3(N-acetylneuraminic acid)-ganglioside
UDP + GM2(N-acetylneuraminic acid)-ganglioside
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + GM3(N-acetylneuraminic acid)-ganglioside
UDP + GM2(N-acetylneuraminic acid)-ganglioside
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + GM3(N-glycolylneuraminic acid)-ganglioside
UDP + GM2(N-glycolylneuraminic acid)-ganglioside
-
best substrate
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + GM3(N-glycolylneuraminic acid)-ganglioside
UDP + GM2(N-glycolylneuraminic acid)-ganglioside
-
best substrate
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + GM3(N-glycolylneuraminic acid)-ganglioside
UDP + GM2(N-glycolylneuraminic acid)-ganglioside
-
not as effective as GM3(N-acetylneuraminic acid)
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
stable expression of enzyme in CHO-Lec8 cells, production of complex-type N-glycans quantitatively bearing LacdiNAc-structures on their antennae and containing repeating LacdiNAc-structures
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
carbohydrate-protein conjugate enzyme activity with truncated ceramides, analogues of GM3 and GM2 gangliosides, compound sythesis, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
carbohydrate-protein conjugate enzyme activity with truncated ceramides, analogues of GM3 and GM2 gangliosides, compound sythesis, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
during evolution, beta4Gal-T1 appears as a result of the single amino acid substitution of Tyr or Phe for Leu or Ile in the invertebrate beta4GalNAc-T1, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme synthesizes the LacdiNAc structures, with GalNAcbeta1,4GlcNAc, on several glycoproteins and glycosphingolipids, including N-glycans, O-glycans, and the arthro-series GSLs, GalNAcbeta1,4Glc-NAcbeta1,3Manbeta1,4Glcbeta1Cer, and neutral GSLs, in vitro and in vivo, the GalNAcbeta1,4GlcNAc, i.e. LacdiNAc or LDN, structure is a more common structural feature in invertebrate glycoconjugates when compared with the Galbeta1,4GlcNAc, i.e. LacNAc or LN, structure
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no activity with donor UDP-galactose, the enzyme synthesizes the LacdiNAc structures, with GalNAcbeta1,4GlcNAc, on several glycoproteins and glycosphingolipids, including N-glycans, O-glycans, and the arthro-series GSLs, such as GalNAcbeta1,4Glc-NAcbeta1,3Manbeta1,4Glcbeta1Cer, and neutral GSLs, in vitro and in vivo
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the wild-type Drosophila beta4GalNAc-T1 enzyme binds to the mammary gland-specific protein alpha-lactalbumin
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
enzyme shows similar specificities for O-and N-glykans. Efficiency of transfer decreases as the number of antennas increases
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
during evolution, beta4Gal-T1 appears as a result of the single amino acid substitution of Tyr or Phe for Leu or Ile in the invertebrate beta4GalNAc-T1, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no substrate: lactosylceramide, sialylparagloboside, GM1b(N-glycolylneuraminic acid), GD1a(N-acetylneuraminic acid), GT1b(N-acetylneuraminic acid), GQ1b(N-acetylneuraminic acid), GM1a(N-acetylneuraminic acid), GD1b(N-acetylneuraminic acid), globoside
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
poor substrate: GM2-, GM1-, GD1b- and GT1-gangliosides and various ceramides
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no substrates are SM4-ganglioside, Gb3- and Gb4-ceramide
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no substrate: blood type H glycoprotein, deglucosylated bovine submaxillary mucin, various ceramides
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
no in vitro transfer of substrates other than UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine to synthetic N-glycans
-
-
?
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NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine + ganglioside GM3
UDP + ganglioside GM2
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + (N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosylceramide
UDP + N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosylceramide
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + 1-O-[O-(N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminosyl)-(2-3)-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-ceramide
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + 1-O-[O-(N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminosyl)-(2-3)-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-ceramide
UDP + 1-O-[O-2-(acetylamino)-2-deoxy-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-4)-O-[N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminosyl-(2-3)]-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-ceramide
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + 1-O-[O-2-(acetylamino)-2-deoxy-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-4)-O-[N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminosyl-(2-3)]-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-ceramide
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + (N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosylceramide
UDP + N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosylceramide
relative glycosyltransferase levels involved in determining the ganglioside composition of cells
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + (N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosylceramide
UDP + N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosylceramide
-
model for ganglioside biosynthesis
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + (N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosylceramide
UDP + N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosylceramide
-
involved in biosynthesis of gangliosides in brain
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + 1-O-[O-(N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminosyl)-(2-3)-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-ceramide
?
-
ganglioside GM3
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + 1-O-[O-(N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminosyl)-(2-3)-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-ceramide
?
-
ganglioside GM3
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + 1-O-[O-(N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminosyl)-(2-3)-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-ceramide
UDP + 1-O-[O-2-(acetylamino)-2-deoxy-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-4)-O-[N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminosyl-(2-3)]-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-ceramide
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + 1-O-[O-(N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminosyl)-(2-3)-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-ceramide
UDP + 1-O-[O-2-(acetylamino)-2-deoxy-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-4)-O-[N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminosyl-(2-3)]-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-ceramide
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + 1-O-[O-2-(acetylamino)-2-deoxy-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-4)-O-[N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminosyl-(2-3)]-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-ceramide
?
-
ganglioside GM2
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + 1-O-[O-2-(acetylamino)-2-deoxy-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-4)-O-[N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminosyl-(2-3)]-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-ceramide
?
-
ganglioside GM2
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
during evolution, beta4Gal-T1 appears as a result of the single amino acid substitution of Tyr or Phe for Leu or Ile in the invertebrate beta4GalNAc-T1, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme synthesizes the LacdiNAc structures, with GalNAcbeta1,4GlcNAc, on several glycoproteins and glycosphingolipids, including N-glycans, O-glycans, and the arthro-series GSLs, GalNAcbeta1,4Glc-NAcbeta1,3Manbeta1,4Glcbeta1Cer, and neutral GSLs, in vitro and in vivo, the GalNAcbeta1,4GlcNAc, i.e. LacdiNAc or LDN, structure is a more common structural feature in invertebrate glycoconjugates when compared with the Galbeta1,4GlcNAc, i.e. LacNAc or LN, structure
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
during evolution, beta4Gal-T1 appears as a result of the single amino acid substitution of Tyr or Phe for Leu or Ile in the invertebrate beta4GalNAc-T1, overview
-
-
?
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
Ca2+
Co2+
Fe2+
Mg2+
Mn2+
Ni2+
additional information
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INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
additional information
-
promoter DNA methylation plays a crucial role in the regulation of the Sda beta4GalNAcT-II gene and Sda antigen expression
-
Detergents
-
requirement, solubilized enzyme, e.g. Triton X-100
phosphatidylglycerol
stimulates the activity of GM2 synthase without disrupting the vesicular intactness
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KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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Ki VALUE [mM]
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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