Please wait a moment until all data is loaded. This message will disappear when all data is loaded.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
1-alpha-D-galactosyl-myo-inositol + D-ononitol
myo-inositol + alpha-D-galactosyl-D-ononitol
Substrates: D-ononitol is 1-D-4-O-methyl-myo-inositol
Products: -
r
1-alpha-D-galactosyl-myo-inositol + D-pinitol
myo-inositol + galactopinitol A
Substrates: D-pinitol is 1-D-3-O-methyl-chiro-inositol
Products: i.e. O-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1,2)-4-O-methyl-D-chiro-inositol
r
1-alpha-D-galactosyl-myo-inositol + H2O
myo-inositol + D-galactose
1-alpha-D-galactosyl-myo-inositol + sucrose
myo-inositol + raffinose
4-nitrophenol-alpha-D-galactopyranoside + sucrose
4-nitrophenol + raffinose
alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-1D-myo-inositol + sucrose
myo-inositol + raffinose
alpha-D-galactosyl-D-ononitol + sucrose
D-ononitol + raffinose
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
galactinol + sucrose
myo-inositol + raffinose
galactinol + sucrose
raffinose + ?
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
galactinol + sucrose
raffinose + myo-inositol
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
myo-inositol + raffinose
1-alpha-D-galactosyl-1D-myo-inositol + sucrose
myo-inositol + raffinose
galactinol + sucrose
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
r
raffinose + sucrose
sucrose + raffinose
additional information
?
-
1-alpha-D-galactosyl-myo-inositol + H2O
myo-inositol + D-galactose
Substrates: hydrolysis, in the absence of acceptor substrate
Products: -
?
1-alpha-D-galactosyl-myo-inositol + H2O
myo-inositol + D-galactose
-
Substrates: hydrolysis, in the absence of acceptor substrate
Products: -
?
1-alpha-D-galactosyl-myo-inositol + sucrose
myo-inositol + raffinose
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
r
1-alpha-D-galactosyl-myo-inositol + sucrose
myo-inositol + raffinose
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
r
1-alpha-D-galactosyl-myo-inositol + sucrose
myo-inositol + raffinose
Substrates: -
Products: -
r
1-alpha-D-galactosyl-myo-inositol + sucrose
myo-inositol + raffinose
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
r
1-alpha-D-galactosyl-myo-inositol + sucrose
myo-inositol + raffinose
-
Substrates: first step in biosynthesis of raffinose sugars
Products: -
?
4-nitrophenol-alpha-D-galactopyranoside + sucrose
4-nitrophenol + raffinose
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
r
4-nitrophenol-alpha-D-galactopyranoside + sucrose
4-nitrophenol + raffinose
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
4-nitrophenol-alpha-D-galactopyranoside + sucrose
4-nitrophenol + raffinose
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-1D-myo-inositol + sucrose
myo-inositol + raffinose
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-1D-myo-inositol + sucrose
myo-inositol + raffinose
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-1D-myo-inositol + sucrose
myo-inositol + raffinose
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-1D-myo-inositol + sucrose
myo-inositol + raffinose
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-1D-myo-inositol + sucrose
myo-inositol + raffinose
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-1D-myo-inositol + sucrose
myo-inositol + raffinose
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-1D-myo-inositol + sucrose
myo-inositol + raffinose
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-1D-myo-inositol + sucrose
myo-inositol + raffinose
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
galactinol + sucrose
myo-inositol + raffinose
Substrates: -
Products: -
ir
galactinol + sucrose
myo-inositol + raffinose
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
r
myo-inositol + raffinose
1-alpha-D-galactosyl-1D-myo-inositol + sucrose
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
r
myo-inositol + raffinose
1-alpha-D-galactosyl-1D-myo-inositol + sucrose
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
r
myo-inositol + raffinose
1-alpha-D-galactosyl-1D-myo-inositol + sucrose
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
r
raffinose + sucrose
sucrose + raffinose
-
Substrates: exchange reaction
Products: -
r
raffinose + sucrose
sucrose + raffinose
-
Substrates: exchange reaction
Products: -
r
raffinose + sucrose
sucrose + raffinose
-
Substrates: exchange reaction
Products: -
r
additional information
?
-
Substrates: the multifunctional enzyme is a raffinose and high affinity stachyose synthase, EC 2.4.1.82 and EC 2.4.1.67, as well as stachyose and galactinol specific galactosylhydrolase
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: the multifunctional enzyme is a raffinose and high affinity stachyose synthase, EC 2.4.1.82 and EC 2.4.1.67, as well as stachyose and galactinol specific galactosylhydrolase
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
Substrates: the multifunctional enzyme is a raffinose and high affinity stachyose synthase, EC 2.4.1.82 and EC 2.4.1.67, as well as stachyose and galactinol specific galactosylhydrolase
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: catalysis best fits to a Ping-Pong Bi-Bi mechanism. The reaction is reversible, the forward reactions synthesizing raffinose approach equilibrium after 4 h, and the Keq is calculated to be 4.46
Products: -
-
additional information
?
-
Substrates: substrate specificity
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: substrate specificity
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
Substrates: raffinose is no acceptor substrate
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: raffinose is no acceptor substrate
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: UDP-galactose is no substrate
Products: -
?
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
1-alpha-D-galactosyl-myo-inositol + sucrose
myo-inositol + raffinose
-
Substrates: first step in biosynthesis of raffinose sugars
Products: -
?
alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-1D-myo-inositol + sucrose
myo-inositol + raffinose
additional information
?
-
alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-1D-myo-inositol + sucrose
myo-inositol + raffinose
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-1D-myo-inositol + sucrose
myo-inositol + raffinose
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-1D-myo-inositol + sucrose
myo-inositol + raffinose
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-1D-myo-inositol + sucrose
myo-inositol + raffinose
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-1D-myo-inositol + sucrose
myo-inositol + raffinose
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-1D-myo-inositol + sucrose
myo-inositol + raffinose
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-1D-myo-inositol + sucrose
myo-inositol + raffinose
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-1D-myo-inositol + sucrose
myo-inositol + raffinose
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
Substrates: the multifunctional enzyme is a raffinose and high affinity stachyose synthase, EC 2.4.1.82 and EC 2.4.1.67, as well as stachyose and galactinol specific galactosylhydrolase
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: the multifunctional enzyme is a raffinose and high affinity stachyose synthase, EC 2.4.1.82 and EC 2.4.1.67, as well as stachyose and galactinol specific galactosylhydrolase
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
Substrates: the multifunctional enzyme is a raffinose and high affinity stachyose synthase, EC 2.4.1.82 and EC 2.4.1.67, as well as stachyose and galactinol specific galactosylhydrolase
Products: -
?
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
heat shock transcription factor A2
in HsfA2 overexpressing plants transcription levels of RS2 increases 5fold
-
additional information
-
50 microM methylviologen, an enhancer of oxidative stress, increases transcription levels of RS2 5fold after 6 hours
-
additional information
50 microM methylviologen, an enhancer of oxidative stress, increases transcription levels of RS2 5fold after 6 hours
-
additional information
50 microM methylviologen, an enhancer of oxidative stress, increases transcription levels of RS2 5fold after 6 hours
-
additional information
50 microM methylviologen, an enhancer of oxidative stress, increases transcription levels of RS2 5fold after 6 hours
-
additional information
50 microM methylviologen, an enhancer of oxidative stress, increases transcription levels of RS2 5fold after 6 hours
-
additional information
50 microM methylviologen, an enhancer of oxidative stress, increases transcription levels of RS2 5fold after 6 hours
-
additional information
-
50 microM methylviologen, an enhancer of oxidative stress, increases transcription levels of RS4 3fold after 3 and 6 hours
-
additional information
50 microM methylviologen, an enhancer of oxidative stress, increases transcription levels of RS4 3fold after 3 and 6 hours
-
additional information
50 microM methylviologen, an enhancer of oxidative stress, increases transcription levels of RS4 3fold after 3 and 6 hours
-
additional information
50 microM methylviologen, an enhancer of oxidative stress, increases transcription levels of RS4 3fold after 3 and 6 hours
-
additional information
50 microM methylviologen, an enhancer of oxidative stress, increases transcription levels of RS4 3fold after 3 and 6 hours
-
additional information
50 microM methylviologen, an enhancer of oxidative stress, increases transcription levels of RS4 3fold after 3 and 6 hours
-
additional information
-
50 microM methylviologen, an enhancer of oxidative stress, increases transcription levels of RS5 twice after 6 hours
-
additional information
50 microM methylviologen, an enhancer of oxidative stress, increases transcription levels of RS5 twice after 6 hours
-
additional information
50 microM methylviologen, an enhancer of oxidative stress, increases transcription levels of RS5 twice after 6 hours
-
additional information
50 microM methylviologen, an enhancer of oxidative stress, increases transcription levels of RS5 twice after 6 hours
-
additional information
50 microM methylviologen, an enhancer of oxidative stress, increases transcription levels of RS5 twice after 6 hours
-
additional information
50 microM methylviologen, an enhancer of oxidative stress, increases transcription levels of RS5 twice after 6 hours
-
additional information
-
50 microM methylviologen, an enhancer of oxidative stress, increases transcription levels of RS6 4fold after 3 hours and 6fold after 6 hours
-
additional information
50 microM methylviologen, an enhancer of oxidative stress, increases transcription levels of RS6 4fold after 3 hours and 6fold after 6 hours
-
additional information
50 microM methylviologen, an enhancer of oxidative stress, increases transcription levels of RS6 4fold after 3 hours and 6fold after 6 hours
-
additional information
50 microM methylviologen, an enhancer of oxidative stress, increases transcription levels of RS6 4fold after 3 hours and 6fold after 6 hours
-
additional information
50 microM methylviologen, an enhancer of oxidative stress, increases transcription levels of RS6 4fold after 3 hours and 6fold after 6 hours
-
additional information
50 microM methylviologen, an enhancer of oxidative stress, increases transcription levels of RS6 4fold after 3 hours and 6fold after 6 hours
-
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
malfunction
leaves of RFS5 mutant plants fail to accumulate any raffinose under diverse abiotic stresses including water-deficit, high salinity, heat shock, and methyl viologen-induced oxidative stress. Correlated to the lack of raffinose under these abiotic stress conditions, both mutant plants lack the typical stress-induced raffinose synthase activity increase observed in the leaves of wild-type plants
malfunction
metabolite phenotype of DELTAAtRS4 mutant seeds, overview
malfunction
two independent maize (Zea mays) zmrafs mutant lines, in which raffinose is completely abolished, are more sensitive to chilling stress and their net photosynthetic product (total soluble sugars and starch) accumulation is significantly decreased compared with controls after chilling stress. In a mutant of the maize dehydration responsive element (DRE)-binding protein 1A (zmdreb1a), ZmRAFS expression and raffinose content are significantly decreased compared with the control under chilling stress. Overexpression of maize ZmDREB1A in maize leaf protoplasts increases ZmDREB1A amounts, which consequently upregulate the expression of maize ZmRAFS and the Renilla luciferase (Rluc), that is controlled by the ZmRAFS promoter. Deletion of the single dehydration-responsive element (DRE) in the ZmRAFS promoter abolishes ZmDREB1A's influence on Rluc expression, while addition of three copies of the DRE in the ZmRAFS promoter dramatically increases Rluc expression when ZmDREB1A is simultaneously overexpressed. Mutant phenotypes, overview
malfunction
-
metabolite phenotype of DELTAAtRS4 mutant seeds, overview
-
malfunction
-
two independent maize (Zea mays) zmrafs mutant lines, in which raffinose is completely abolished, are more sensitive to chilling stress and their net photosynthetic product (total soluble sugars and starch) accumulation is significantly decreased compared with controls after chilling stress. In a mutant of the maize dehydration responsive element (DRE)-binding protein 1A (zmdreb1a), ZmRAFS expression and raffinose content are significantly decreased compared with the control under chilling stress. Overexpression of maize ZmDREB1A in maize leaf protoplasts increases ZmDREB1A amounts, which consequently upregulate the expression of maize ZmRAFS and the Renilla luciferase (Rluc), that is controlled by the ZmRAFS promoter. Deletion of the single dehydration-responsive element (DRE) in the ZmRAFS promoter abolishes ZmDREB1A's influence on Rluc expression, while addition of three copies of the DRE in the ZmRAFS promoter dramatically increases Rluc expression when ZmDREB1A is simultaneously overexpressed. Mutant phenotypes, overview
-
metabolism
biosynthesis of RFOs proceeds by stepwise transfer of galactosyl units. The second step involves raffinose synthase, AtRS5, EC 2.4.1.82, which transfers the galactosyl unit from galactinol to the C6 position of the glucose unit in sucrose forming an alpha-1,6-galactosidic linkage to yield the trisaccharide raffinose. In a third step, stachyose synthase, AtRS4, EC 2.4.1.67, transfers the galactosyl moiety from galactinol to the C6 position of the galactose unit in raffinose to yield the tetrasaccharide stachyose
metabolism
the enzyme catalyzes the second step in raffinose biosynthesis
metabolism
raffinose synthase (RAFS) is the key enzyme for raffinose biosynthesis
metabolism
-
biosynthesis of RFOs proceeds by stepwise transfer of galactosyl units. The second step involves raffinose synthase, AtRS5, EC 2.4.1.82, which transfers the galactosyl unit from galactinol to the C6 position of the glucose unit in sucrose forming an alpha-1,6-galactosidic linkage to yield the trisaccharide raffinose. In a third step, stachyose synthase, AtRS4, EC 2.4.1.67, transfers the galactosyl moiety from galactinol to the C6 position of the galactose unit in raffinose to yield the tetrasaccharide stachyose
-
metabolism
-
raffinose synthase (RAFS) is the key enzyme for raffinose biosynthesis
-
physiological function
-
enzyme is involved in stress resistance
physiological function
-
enzyme is involved in stress resistance
physiological function
-
enzyme is involved in stress resistance
physiological function
raffinose synthase 2 plays a role in heat shock reaction and protection from oxidative stress
physiological function
raffinose synthase 4 plays a role in protection from oxidative stress
physiological function
raffinose synthase 5 plays a role in protection from oxidative stress
physiological function
raffinose synthase 6 plays a role in protection from oxidative stress
physiological function
raffinose synthase catalyzes the transfer of galactosyl residue from galactinol to sucrose to form raffinose
physiological function
AtRS4 is the only stachyose synthase in the genome of Arabidopsis thaliana. It represents a key regulation mechanism in the raffinose family oligosaccharide physiology of Arabidosis thaliana due to its multifunctional enzyme activity. AtRS4 is possibly the second seed-specific raffinose synthase beside AtRS5, which is responsible for raffinose accumulation under abiotic stress
physiological function
the enzyme is responsible for low temperature-induced raffinose accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves
physiological function
in seeds of the galactinol synthase GS1/GS2 and raffinose synthase RFS5 mutant the timing of desiccation tolerance acquisition is delayed as compared to wild type. Seeds from GS1/GS2 overexpressing plants with high levels of galactinol, raffinose, and stachyose, and RS5 overexpressing plants possess more raffinose and stachyose but less galactinol compared to wild type. These lines show greater germination percentage and shorter time to 50% germination after desiccation treatment at 11 and 15 days after flower. The role of raffinose family oligosaccharides is time limited and mainly affects the middle stage of seed development by enhancing seed viability and the ratio of GSH to GSSH in cells, but there is no significant difference in desiccation tolerance of mature seeds
physiological function
-
maize RAFS mutant lines, in which raffinose is completely abolished, are more sensitive to chilling stress and their net photosynthetic product (total soluble sugars and starch) accumulation is significantly decreased compared with controls after chilling stress. RAFS expression and raffinose content are significantly decreased compared with its control under chilling stress. Overexpression of maize dehydration responsive element (DRE)-binding protein DREB1A in maize leaf protoplasts increases DREB1A amounts, which upregulates the expression of maize. Deletion of the single dehydration-responsive element (DRE) in the RAFS promoter abolishes DREB1A's influence
physiological function
-
RAFS mutant maize plants completely lack raffinose, hyper-accumulate galactinol and are more sensitive to drought stress than the corresponding null-segregant plants. RAFS overexpression in Arabidopsis thaliana enhances drought stress tolerance by increasing myo-inositol levels via RAFS-mediated galactinol hydrolysis in the leaves due to sucrose insufficiency in leaf cells and also enhances raffinose synthesis in the seeds. Supplementation of sucrose to detached leaves converts RAFS from hydrolyzing galactinol to synthesizing raffinose
physiological function
-
AtRS4 is the only stachyose synthase in the genome of Arabidopsis thaliana. It represents a key regulation mechanism in the raffinose family oligosaccharide physiology of Arabidosis thaliana due to its multifunctional enzyme activity. AtRS4 is possibly the second seed-specific raffinose synthase beside AtRS5, which is responsible for raffinose accumulation under abiotic stress
-
additional information
changes in soluble carbohydrates (glucose, sucrose, raffinose family oligosaccharides, raffinose and galactinol) in 7-days-old seedling tissues during dehydration for 24 h, overview
additional information
-
changes in soluble carbohydrates (glucose, sucrose, raffinose family oligosaccharides, raffinose and galactinol) in 7-days-old seedling tissues during dehydration for 24 h, overview
additional information
-
changes in soluble carbohydrates (glucose, sucrose, raffinose family oligosaccharides, raffinose and galactinol) in 7-days-old seedling tissues during dehydration for 24 h, overview
-
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
S150F
line 165, mutation induced by mutagen ethyl-methanesulfonate, seed phenotype does not differ from wild-type
T107I
line 397, mutation induced by mutagen ethyl-methanesulfonate, seed sucrose is increased by 28%, raffinose is reduced to 37% and stachyose is reduced to approximately 24% compared to wild-type
additional information
construction of two independent loss-of-function mutants for gene RFS5, i.e. rs 5-1 and rs 5-2. Leaves of mutant plants fail to accumulate any raffinose under diverse abiotic stresses including water-deficit, high salinity, heat shock, and methyl viologen-induced oxidative stress. Correlated to the lack of raffinose under these abiotic stress conditions, both mutant plants lack the typical stress-induced raffinose synthase activity increase observed in the leaves of wild-type plants. The seeds of both mutant plants still contain raffinose Phenotypes, overview
additional information
isolation of a T-DNA insertional mutant in the AtRS4 gene, only semi-quantitative PCR from wild-type siliques shows a specific transcriptional AtRS4PCR product. Metabolite measurements in seeds of DELTAAtRS4 mutant plants reveal a total loss of stachyose in DELTAAtRS4 mutant seeds
additional information
-
isolation of a T-DNA insertional mutant in the AtRS4 gene, only semi-quantitative PCR from wild-type siliques shows a specific transcriptional AtRS4PCR product. Metabolite measurements in seeds of DELTAAtRS4 mutant plants reveal a total loss of stachyose in DELTAAtRS4 mutant seeds
additional information
-
isolation of a T-DNA insertional mutant in the AtRS4 gene, only semi-quantitative PCR from wild-type siliques shows a specific transcriptional AtRS4PCR product. Metabolite measurements in seeds of DELTAAtRS4 mutant plants reveal a total loss of stachyose in DELTAAtRS4 mutant seeds
-
additional information
generation of two independent maize (Zea mays) zmrafs mutant lines, in which raffinose is completely abolished, the mutants are more sensitive to chilling stress and their net photosynthetic product (total soluble sugars and starch) accumulation is significantly decreased compared with controls after chilling stress. Construction of a mutant of the maize dehydration responsive element (DRE)-binding protein 1A (zmdreb1a), showing significantly decreased ZmRAFS expression and raffinose content compared with the control under chilling stress. Overexpression of maize ZmDREB1A in maize leaf protoplasts increases ZmDREB1A amounts, which consequently upregulate the expression of maize ZmRAFS and the Renilla luciferase (Rluc), that is controlled by the ZmRAFS promoter. Deletion of the single dehydration-responsive element (DRE) in the ZmRAFS promoter abolishes ZmDREB1A's influence on Rluc expression, while addition of three copies of the DRE in the ZmRAFS promoter dramatically increases Rluc expression when ZmDREB1A is simultaneously overexpressed
additional information
-
generation of two independent maize (Zea mays) zmrafs mutant lines, in which raffinose is completely abolished, the mutants are more sensitive to chilling stress and their net photosynthetic product (total soluble sugars and starch) accumulation is significantly decreased compared with controls after chilling stress. Construction of a mutant of the maize dehydration responsive element (DRE)-binding protein 1A (zmdreb1a), showing significantly decreased ZmRAFS expression and raffinose content compared with the control under chilling stress. Overexpression of maize ZmDREB1A in maize leaf protoplasts increases ZmDREB1A amounts, which consequently upregulate the expression of maize ZmRAFS and the Renilla luciferase (Rluc), that is controlled by the ZmRAFS promoter. Deletion of the single dehydration-responsive element (DRE) in the ZmRAFS promoter abolishes ZmDREB1A's influence on Rluc expression, while addition of three copies of the DRE in the ZmRAFS promoter dramatically increases Rluc expression when ZmDREB1A is simultaneously overexpressed
additional information
-
generation of two independent maize (Zea mays) zmrafs mutant lines, in which raffinose is completely abolished, the mutants are more sensitive to chilling stress and their net photosynthetic product (total soluble sugars and starch) accumulation is significantly decreased compared with controls after chilling stress. Construction of a mutant of the maize dehydration responsive element (DRE)-binding protein 1A (zmdreb1a), showing significantly decreased ZmRAFS expression and raffinose content compared with the control under chilling stress. Overexpression of maize ZmDREB1A in maize leaf protoplasts increases ZmDREB1A amounts, which consequently upregulate the expression of maize ZmRAFS and the Renilla luciferase (Rluc), that is controlled by the ZmRAFS promoter. Deletion of the single dehydration-responsive element (DRE) in the ZmRAFS promoter abolishes ZmDREB1A's influence on Rluc expression, while addition of three copies of the DRE in the ZmRAFS promoter dramatically increases Rluc expression when ZmDREB1A is simultaneously overexpressed
-
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Lehle, L.; Tanner, W.
The function of myo-inositol in the biosynthesis of raffinose. Purification and characterization of galactinol:sucrose 6-galactosyltransferase from Vicia faba seeds
Eur. J. Biochem.
38
103-110
1973
Vicia faba
brenda
Castillo, E.M.; De Lumen, B.O.; Reyes, P.S.; De Lumen, H.Z.
Raffinose synthase and galactinol synthase in developing seeds and leaves of legumes
J. Agric. Food Chem.
38
351-355
1990
Glycine max, Phaseolus vulgaris
brenda
Peterbauer, T.; Mach, L.; Mucha, J.; Richter, A.
Functional expression of a cDNA encoding pea (Pisum sativum L.) raffinose synthase, partial purification of the enzyme from maturing seeds, and steady-state kinetic analysis of raffinose synthesis
Planta
215
839-846
2002
Pisum sativum (Q8VWN6), Pisum sativum
brenda
Amiard, V.; Morvan-Bertrand, A.; Billard, J.P.; Huault, C.; Keller, F.; Prud'homme, M.P.
Fructans, but not the sucrosyl-galactosides, raffinose and loliose, are affected by drought stress in perennial ryegrass
Plant Physiol.
132
2218-2229
2003
Lolium perenne
brenda
Nishizawa, A.; Yabuta, Y.; Shigeoka, S.
Galactinol and raffinose constitute a novel function to protect plants from oxidative damage
Plant Physiol.
147
1251-1263
2008
Arabidopsis thaliana, Arabidopsis thaliana (Q84VX0), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q8RX87), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q94A08), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9FND9), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9SYJ4)
brenda
Dierking, E.C.; Bilyeu, K.D.
New sources of soybean seed meal and oil composition traits identified through TILLING
BMC Plant Biol.
9
89
2009
Glycine max (B2ZF64), Glycine max
brenda
Wu, X.; Kishitani, S.; Ito, Y.; Toriyama, K.
Accumulation of raffinose in rice seedlings overexpressing OsWRKY11 in relation to desiccation tolerance
Plant Biotechnol.
26
431-434
2009
Oryza sativa (Q6ZLJ9)
brenda
Schneider, T.; Keller, F.
Raffinose in chloroplasts is synthesized in the cytosol and transported across the chloroplast envelope
Plant Cell Physiol.
50
2174-2182
2009
Ajuga reptans, Arabidopsis thaliana, Spinacia oleracea
brenda
Sui, X.L.; Meng, F.Z.; Wang, H.Y.; Wei, Y.X.; Li, R.F.; Wang, Z.Y.; Hu, L.P.; Wang, S.H.; Zhang, Z.X.
Molecular cloning, characteristics and low temperature response of raffinose synthase gene in Cucumis sativus L.
J. Plant Physiol.
169
1883-1891
2012
Cucumis sativus (B5G4T9), Cucumis sativus
brenda
Egert, A.; Keller, F.; Peters, S.
Abiotic stress-induced accumulation of raffinose in Arabidopsis leaves is mediated by a single raffinose synthase (RS5, At5g40390)
BMC Plant Biol.
13
218
2013
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9FND9)
brenda
Gangl, R.; Behmueller, R.; Tenhaken, R.
Molecular cloning of AtRS4, a seed specific multifunctional RFO synthase/galactosylhydrolase in Arabidopsis thaliana
Front. Plant Sci.
6
789
2015
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9SYJ4), Arabidopsis thaliana, Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 (Q9SYJ4)
brenda
Lahuta, L.B.; Pluskota, W.E.; Stelmaszewska, J.; Szablinska, J.
Dehydration induces expression of GALACTINOL SYNTHASE and RAFFINOSE SYNTHASE in seedlings of pea (Pisum sativum L.)
J. Plant Physiol.
171
1306-1314
2014
Pisum sativum (Q8VWN6), Pisum sativum, Pisum sativum Ramzes (Q8VWN6)
brenda
Tian, C.; Yang, J.; Zeng, Y.; Zhang, T.; Zhou, Y.; Men, Y.; You, C.; Zhu, Y.; Sun, Y.
Biosynthesis of raffinose and stachyose from sucrose via an in vitro multienzyme system
Appl. Environ. Microbiol.
85
e02306
2019
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9SYJ4)
brenda
Silva, L.; Mota, L.; Fonseca, L.; Bueno, R.; Piovesan, N.; Fontes, E.; Dal-Bianco, M.
Effect of a mutation in raffinose synthase 2 (GmRS2) on soybean quality traits
Crop Breed. Appl. Biotechnol.
19
62-69
2019
Glycine max (B2ZF64)
-
brenda
Li, T.; Dong, M.; Xie, W.; Zhang, Y.; Tao, D.; Li, S.
Kinetic properties of raffinose synthase from rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Food Biosci.
25
39-43
2018
Oryza sativa
-
brenda
Bilyeu, K.D.; Wiebold, W.J.
Environmental stability of seed carbohydrate profiles in soybeans containing different alleles of the raffinose synthase 2 (RS2) Gene
J. Agric. Food Chem.
64
1071-1078
2016
Glycine max (B2ZF64), Glycine max
brenda
Li, T.; Zhang, Y.; Liu, Y.; Li, X.; Hao, G.; Han, Q.; Dirk, L.M.A.; Downie, A.B.; Ruan, Y.L.; Wang, J.; Wang, G.; Zhao, T.
Raffinose synthase enhances drought tolerance through raffinose synthesis or galactinol hydrolysis in maize and Arabidopsis plants
J. Biol. Chem.
295
8064-8077
2020
Zea mays
brenda
Kito, K.; Yamane, K.; Yamamori, T.; Matsuhira, H.; Tanaka, Y.; Takabe, T.
Isolation, functional characterization and stress responses of raffinose synthase genes in sugar beet
J. Plant Biochem. Biotechnol.
27
36-45
2018
Beta vulgaris (A0A1S7IYY0), Beta vulgaris (A0A1S7IYZ8)
-
brenda
Jing, Y.; Lang, S.; Wang, D.; Xue, H.; Wang, X.F.
Functional characterization of galactinol synthase and raffinose synthase in desiccation tolerance acquisition in developing Arabidopsis seeds
J. Plant Physiol.
230
109-121
2018
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9FND9)
brenda
Han, Q.; Qi, J.; Hao, G.; Zhang, C.; Wang, C.; Dirk, L.M.A.; Downie, A.B.; Zhao, T.
ZmDREB1A regulates RAFFINOSE SYNTHASE controlling raffinose accumulation and plant chilling stress tolerance in maize
Plant Cell Physiol.
61
331-341
2020
Zea mays
brenda
Han, Q.; Qi, J.; Hao, G.; Zhang, C.; Wang, C.; Dirk, L.M.A.; Downie, A.B.; Zhao, T.
ZmDREB1A regulates raffinose synthase controlling raffinose accumulation and plant chilling stress tolerance in maize
Plant Cell Physiol.
6
331-341
2020
Zea mays (Q575Z8), Zea mays, Zea mays B73 (Q575Z8)
brenda