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Information on EC 2.4.1.79 - globotriaosylceramide 3-beta-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase
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2.4.1.79 globotriaosylceramide 3-beta-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferaseIUBMB Comments
Globoside is a neutral glycosphingolipid in human erythrocytes and has blood-group-P-antigen activity . The enzyme requires a divalent cation for activity, with Mn2+ required for maximal activity . UDP-GalNAc is the only sugar donor that is used efficiently by the enzyme: UDP-Gal and UDP-GlcNAc result in very low enzyme activity . Lactosylceramide, globoside and gangliosides GM3 and GD3 are not substrates . For explanation of the superscripted '3' in the systematic name, see {iupac/misc/glylp#5.3::GL-5.3.4}.
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Word Map
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Eukaryota, Bacteria
Reaction Schemes
Synonyms
globoside synthetase, udp-n-acetylgalactosamine:globotriaosylceramide beta-3-n-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase, udp-n-acetylgalactosamine:globotriaosylceramide 3-beta-n-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase, 
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SYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
acetylgalactosaminyltransferase, uridine diphosphoacetylgalactosamine-galactosylgalactosylglucosylceramide
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-
-
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acetylgalactosaminyltransferase, uridine diphosphoacetylgalactosamine-glycosphingolipid
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-
-
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EC 2.4.1.154
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formerly
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galactosylgalactosylglucosylceramide beta-D-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase
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-
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GalNAc transferase
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-
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globoside N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase
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-
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globoside synthetase
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-
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glycosphingolipid beta-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase
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UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine:globotriaosylceramide 3-beta-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase
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UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine:globotriaosylceramide beta-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine + alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1)-ceramide = UDP + N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->3)-alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1)-ceramide
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
hexosyl group transfer
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PATHWAY SOURCE
PATHWAYS
KEGG
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine:alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1)-ceramide III3-beta-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyltransferase
Globoside is a neutral glycosphingolipid in human erythrocytes and has blood-group-P-antigen activity [4]. The enzyme requires a divalent cation for activity, with Mn2+ required for maximal activity [3]. UDP-GalNAc is the only sugar donor that is used efficiently by the enzyme: UDP-Gal and UDP-GlcNAc result in very low enzyme activity [3]. Lactosylceramide, globoside and gangliosides GM3 and GD3 are not substrates [4]. For explanation of the superscripted '3' in the systematic name, see {iupac/misc/glylp#5.3::GL-5.3.4}.
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
62213-46-1
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83215-90-1
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + D-galactosyl-1,4-D-galactosyl-1,4-D-glucosylceramide
UDP + N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-1,3-D-galactosyl-1,4-D-galactosyl-1,4-D-glucosylceramide
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + Galalpha1,3Galbeta1,4Glc
UDP + GalNAcbeta1,3-D-Galalpha1,3Galbeta1,4Glc
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-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + Galalpha1,3Galbeta1,4Glc-NHAc
UDP + GalNAcbeta1,3-D-Galalpha1,3Galbeta1,4Glc-NHAc
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-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + Galalpha1,3Galbeta1,4Glc-OBn
UDP + GalNAcbeta1,3-D-Galalpha1,3Galbeta1,4Glc-OBn
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-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + Galalpha1,3Galbeta1,4Glc-OMe
UDP + GalNAcbeta1,3-D-Galalpha1,3Galbeta1,4Glc-OMe
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + Galalpha1,3Galbeta1,4Glc-SPh
UDP + GalNAcbeta1,3-D-Galalpha1,3Galbeta1,4Glc-SPh
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-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + Galalpha1,3Galbeta1,4GlcNAc
UDP + GalNAcbeta1,3-D-Galalpha1,3Galbeta1,4GlcNAc
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-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + Galalpha1,4Galbeta1,4Glc
UDP + GalNAcbeta1,3-D-Galalpha1,4Galbeta1,4Glc
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-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + Galalpha1,4Galbeta1,4Glc-N3
UDP + GalNAcbeta1,3-D-Galalpha1,4Galbeta1,4Glc-N3
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-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + Galalpha1,4Galbeta1,4Glc-OBn
UDP + GalNAcbeta1,3-D-Galalpha1,4Galbeta1,4Glc-OBn
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-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + Galalpha1,4Galbeta1,4Glc-OMe
UDP + GalNAcbeta1,3-D-Galalpha1,4Galbeta1,4Glc-OMe
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-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + Galalpha1,4Galbeta1,4Glc-SPh
UDP + GalNAcbeta1,3-D-Galalpha1,4Galbeta1,4Glc-SPh
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-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + Galalpha1,4Galbeta1,4GlcNAc
UDP + GalNAcbeta1,3-D-Galalpha1,4Galbeta1,4GlcNAc
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-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + hematoside GM3
UDP + ?
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equine erythrocyte hematoside
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?
additional information
?
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the enzyme catalyzes the conversion of human blood group Pk antigen into P antigen
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?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + D-galactosyl-1,4-D-galactosyl-1,4-D-glucosylceramide
UDP + N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-1,3-D-galactosyl-1,4-D-galactosyl-1,4-D-glucosylceramide
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UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine is the sole sugar donor
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?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + D-galactosyl-1,4-D-galactosyl-1,4-D-glucosylceramide
UDP + N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-1,3-D-galactosyl-1,4-D-galactosyl-1,4-D-glucosylceramide
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globoside and Forssman hapten, i.e. globoside
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + D-galactosyl-1,4-D-galactosyl-1,4-D-glucosylceramide
UDP + N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-1,3-D-galactosyl-1,4-D-galactosyl-1,4-D-glucosylceramide
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enzyme is involved in globoside biosynthesis
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-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + D-galactosyl-1,4-D-galactosyl-1,4-D-glucosylceramide
UDP + N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-1,3-D-galactosyl-1,4-D-galactosyl-1,4-D-glucosylceramide
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-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + D-galactosyl-1,4-D-galactosyl-1,4-D-glucosylceramide
UDP + N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-1,3-D-galactosyl-1,4-D-galactosyl-1,4-D-glucosylceramide
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-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + D-galactosyl-1,4-D-galactosyl-1,4-D-glucosylceramide
UDP + N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-1,3-D-galactosyl-1,4-D-galactosyl-1,4-D-glucosylceramide
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-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + D-galactosyl-1,4-D-galactosyl-1,4-D-glucosylceramide
UDP + N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-1,3-D-galactosyl-1,4-D-galactosyl-1,4-D-glucosylceramide
the enzyme is responsible for synthesis of P blood group antigen. Mutations capable of abolishing enzyme function are present in individuals with the Pk phenotype
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-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + globotriosylceramide
UDP + globotetraosylceramide
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highly acceptor specific, does not act on globotetraosylceramide or lactosylceramide
the product has a terminal beta-N-acetylgalactosamine residue
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + globotriosylceramide
UDP + globotetraosylceramide
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glycosphingolipid metabolism
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-
?
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NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + D-galactosyl-1,4-D-galactosyl-1,4-D-glucosylceramide
UDP + N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-1,3-D-galactosyl-1,4-D-galactosyl-1,4-D-glucosylceramide
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + globotriosylceramide
UDP + globotetraosylceramide
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glycosphingolipid metabolism
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-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + D-galactosyl-1,4-D-galactosyl-1,4-D-glucosylceramide
UDP + N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-1,3-D-galactosyl-1,4-D-galactosyl-1,4-D-glucosylceramide
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enzyme is involved in globoside biosynthesis
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-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + D-galactosyl-1,4-D-galactosyl-1,4-D-glucosylceramide
UDP + N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-1,3-D-galactosyl-1,4-D-galactosyl-1,4-D-glucosylceramide
the enzyme is responsible for synthesis of P blood group antigen. Mutations capable of abolishing enzyme function are present in individuals with the Pk phenotype
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-
?
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METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
Co2+
Mn2+
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INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
UDP
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competitive to UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine, non-competitive to globotriaosylceramide
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ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
6.9
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pH RANGE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
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SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
SOURCE
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LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
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UNIPROT
ENTRY NAME
ORGANISM
NO. OF AA
NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]
SOURCE
SEQUENCE
LOCALIZATION PREDICTION
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable).
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable). B3GL1_HUMAN
331
1
39512
Swiss-Prot
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 2)
B3GL1_MOUSE
331
1
39371
Swiss-Prot
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 2)
B3GL1_MUSSI
331
1
39371
Swiss-Prot
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 2)
B3GL1_PIG
331
1
39437
Swiss-Prot
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 1)
B3GL1_PONAB
331
1
39478
Swiss-Prot
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 1)
B3GL1_RAT
331
1
39215
Swiss-Prot
Secretory Pathway (Reliability: 2)
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MOLECULAR WEIGHT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
additional information
-
MW of the bifunctional beta(1,3)-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase/UDP-N-acetylglucosamine C4 epimerase fusion protein is 70000 Da
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SUBUNIT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
additional information
the enzyme contains five potential N-linked glycosylation sites
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PROTEIN VARIANTS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
additional information
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preparation of a bifunctional beta(1->3) N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase/UDP-N-acetylglucosamine C4 epimerase fusion protein by in-frame linking of the Plesiomonas shigelloides wbgU gene downstream to the Haemophilus influenzae lgtD gene through a five-residue peptide linker (Thr-Gly-Gly-Gly-Gly). The enzyme is expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 at a relatively high level
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GENERAL STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
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STORAGE STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
-80°C, above 0.1 mg protein/ml in 25 mM sodium cacodylate buffer, pH 6.9, 1% Triton X-100 and 20% glycerol, stable for at least 3 months
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PURIFICATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
one-step purification of the bifunctional beta(1->3) N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase/UDP-N-acetylglucosamine C4 epimerase fusion protein
-
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CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
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APPLICATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
synthesis
synthesis
-
synthesis of globoside and isogloboside tetrasaccharides by using beta(1->3) N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase/UDP-N-acetylglucosamine C4 epimerase fusion protein
synthesis
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synthesis of globotetraose (GalNAcb-3Gala-4Galb-4Glc)by the high cell density culture of an Escherichia coli strain over-expressing the Neisseria meningitidis lgtC gene for alpha-1,4-Gal transferase. The strain which is devoid of both alpha and beta galactosidase activity is fed with glycerol as the energy and carbon source and with lactose as precursor for globotriose synthesis. After complete exhaustion of lactose, globotriose could serve as an alternative acceptor for LgtC and the formation of a series of polygalactosylated compounds is observed. The system is extended to the synthesis of globotetraose (GalNAcbeta-3Gala-4Galbeta-4Glc) by overexpressing two additional genes: lgtD from Haemophilus influenzae Rd which encodes a beta-1,3-GalNAc transferase and wbpP from Pseudomonas aeruginosa which encodes a UDP-GalNAc C4 epimerase. Globotetraose could also be produced from exogenous globotriose which is actively taken up by the cells
synthesis
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synthesis of globotetraose (GalNAcb-3Gala-4Galb-4Glc)by the high cell density culture of an Escherichia coli strain over-expressing the Neisseria meningitidis lgtC gene for alpha-1,4-Gal transferase. The strain which is devoid of both alpha and beta galactosidase activity is fed with glycerol as the energy and carbon source and with lactose as precursor for globotriose synthesis. After complete exhaustion of lactose, globotriose could serve as an alternative acceptor for LgtC and the formation of a series of polygalactosylated compounds is observed. The system is extended to the synthesis of globotetraose (GalNAcbeta-3Gala-4Galbeta-4Glc) by overexpressing two additional genes: lgtD from Haemophilus influenzae Rd which encodes a beta-1,3-GalNAc transferase and wbpP from Pseudomonas aeruginosa which encodes a UDP-GalNAc C4 epimerase. Globotetraose could also be produced from exogenous globotriose which is actively taken up by the cells
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REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Lockney, M.W.; Sweely, C.S.
Characterization of a glycosphingolipid beta-N-acetylgalactosaminyl-transferase activity in cultured hamster (nil) cells
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
712
234-241
1982
Mesocricetus auratus
brenda
Ishibashi, T.; Kijimoto, S.; Makita, A.
Biosynthesis of globoside and Forssman hapten from trihexosylceramide and properties of beta-N-acetyl-galactosaminyltransferase of guinea pig kidney
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
337
92-106
1974
Cavia porcellus
brenda
Chien, J.L.; Williams, T.; Basu, S.
Biosynthesis of a globoside-type glycosphingolipid by a beta-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase from embryonic chicken brain
J. Biol. Chem.
248
1778-1785
1973
Gallus gallus
brenda
Schaeper, R.J.; Das, K.K.; Zhixiong, L.; Basu, S.
In vitro biosynthesis of GbOse4Cer (globoside) and GM2 ganglioside by the (1->3) and (1->4)-N-acetyl beta-D-galactosaminyltransferases from embryonic chicken brain. Solubilization, purification, and characterization of the transferases
Carbohydr. Res.
236
227-244
1992
Gallus gallus
brenda
Taniguchi, N.; Makita, A.
Purification and characterization of UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine: globotriaosylceramide beta-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase, a synthase of human blood group P antigen, from canine spleen
J. Biol. Chem.
259
5637-5642
1984
Canis lupus familiaris
brenda
Hellberg, A.; Poole, J.; Olsson, M.L.
Molecular basis of the globoside-deficient Pk blood group phenotype: Identification of four inactivating mutations in the UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine:globotriaosylceramide 3-beta-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase gene
J. Biol. Chem.
277
29455-29459
2002
Homo sapiens (O75752)
brenda
Okajima, T.; Nakamura, Y.; Uchikawa, M.; Haslam, D.B.; Numata, S.I.; Furukawa, K.; Urano, T.; Furukawa, K.
Expression cloning of human globoside synthase cDNAs. Identification of beta 3Gal-T3 as UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine:globotriaosylceramide beta 1,3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase
J. Biol. Chem.
275
40498-40503
2000
Homo sapiens (O75752)
brenda
Shao, J.; Zhang, J.; Kowal, P.; Lu, Y.; Wang, P.G.
Efficient synthesis of globoside and isogloboside tetrasaccharides by using beta(1->3) N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase/UDP-N-acetylglucosamine C4 epimerase fusion protein
Chem. Commun. (Camb.)
2003
1422-1423
2003
Haemophilus influenzae
-
brenda
Antoine, T.; Bosso, C.; Heyraud, A.; Samain, E.
Large scale in vivo synthesis of globotriose and globotetraose by high cell density culture of metabolically engineered Escherichia coli
Biochimie
87
197-203
2005
Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus influenzae RD
brenda
Fujii, Y.; Numata, S.; Nakamura, Y.; Honda, T.; Furukawa, K.; Urano, T.; Wiels, J.; Uchikawa, M.; Ozaki, N.; Matsuo, S.; Sugiura, Y.; Furukawa, K.
Murine glycosyltransferases responsible for the expression of globo-series glycolipids: cDNA structures, mRNA expression, and distribution of their products
Glycobiology
15
1257-1267
2005
Mus musculus
brenda
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