The simplest complex sphingolipid of yeast, inositol-phospho-alpha-hydroxyphytoceramide (IPC), is usually mannosylated to yield mannosyl-inositol-phospho-alpha hydroxyphytoceramide (MIPC). The enzyme is located in the Golgi apparatus, and utilizes GDP-mannose as the mannosyl group donor. It consists of a catalytic subunit (SUR1 or CSH1) and a regulatory subunit (CSG2).
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
GDP-alpha-D-mannose + a very-long-chain inositol phospho-(2'R)-2'-hydroxyphytoceramide = a very-long-chain mannosylinositol phospho-(2'R)-2'-hydroxyphytoceramide + GDP
The simplest complex sphingolipid of yeast, inositol-phospho-alpha-hydroxyphytoceramide (IPC), is usually mannosylated to yield mannosyl-inositol-phospho-alpha hydroxyphytoceramide (MIPC). The enzyme is located in the Golgi apparatus, and utilizes GDP-mannose as the mannosyl group donor. It consists of a catalytic subunit (SUR1 or CSH1) and a regulatory subunit (CSG2).
Ca2+ stimulates inositol phosphorylceramide (IPC) to mannosylinositol phosphorylceramide (MIPC) conversion, because of a Csg2-dependent increase in Csg1 levels
uncomplexed Csh1 cannot exit from the endoplasmic reticulum. Complexed Csh1 functions in the Golgi and is then delivered to the vacuole for degradation
uncomplexed Csh1 cannot exit from the endoplasmic reticulum. Complexed Csh1 functions in the Golgi and is then delivered to the vacuole for degradation
uncomplexed Csh1 cannot exit from the endoplasmic reticulum. Complexed Csh1 functions in the Golgi and is then delivered to the vacuole for degradation
deletion of the CSG2 gene reduces the Csg1p activity and abolishes the Csh1p activity. The DELTAcsg1/DELTAcsh1 double mutant is highly sensitive to Ca2+ and does not grow on the YPD plate medium
deletion of the CSG2 gene reduces the Csg1p activity and abolishes the Csh1p activity. The DELTAcsg2 mutant, as well as the DELTAcsg1/DELTAcsh1 double mutant, is highly sensitive to Ca2+ and does not grow on the YPD plate medium
DELTAcsg1 cells exhibit only a reduction in the synthesis of mannosylated sphingolipids compared with wild-type cells, whereas the DELTAcsg1/DELTAcsh1 double deletion mutant exhibits a total loss
the SUR1/CSG1 gene is a dose-dependent suppressor of the Ca2+-sensitive phenotype of the csg2 mutant, but overexpression of CSG2 does not suppress the Ca2+-sensitivity of the csg1 mutant. The csg1 and csg2 mutants display normal growth in YPD, indicating that mannosylation of sphingolipids is not essential. Increased osmolarity of the growth medium increases the Ca2+ tolerance of csg1 and csg2 mutant cells, suggesting that altered cell wall synthesis causes Ca2+-induced death. Phenotypic characterization of csg1 mutants, overview. Cu2+ reverses the Ca2+ sensitivity of csg1 mutant cells
deletion of the CSG2 gene reduces the Csg1p activity and abolishes the Csh1p activity. The DELTAcsg2 mutant, as well as the DELTAcsg1/DELTAcsh1 double mutant, is highly sensitive to Ca2+ and does not grow on the YPD plate medium
DELTAcsg1 cells exhibit only a reduction in the synthesis of mannosylated sphingolipids compared with wild-type cells, whereas the DELTAcsg1/DELTAcsh1 double deletion mutant exhibits a total loss
the SUR1/CSG1 gene is a dose-dependent suppressor of the Ca2+-sensitive phenotype of the csg2 mutant, but overexpression of CSG2 does not suppress the Ca2+-sensitivity of the csg1 mutant. The csg1 and csg2 mutants display normal growth in YPD, indicating that mannosylation of sphingolipids is not essential. Increased osmolarity of the growth medium increases the Ca2+ tolerance of csg1 and csg2 mutant cells, suggesting that altered cell wall synthesis causes Ca2+-induced death. Phenotypic characterization of csg1 mutants, overview. Cu2+ reverses the Ca2+ sensitivity of csg1 mutant cells
deletion of the CSG2 gene reduces the Csg1p activity and abolishes the Csh1p activity. The DELTAcsg1/DELTAcsh1 double mutant is highly sensitive to Ca2+ and does not grow on the YPD plate medium
complex sphingolipids in yeast are known to function in cellular adaptation to environmental changes. One of the yeast complex sphingolipids, mannosylinositol phosphorylceramide (MIPC), is produced by the redundant inositol phosphorylceramide (IPC) mannosyltransferases Csg1 and Csh1. The Ca2+-binding protein Csg2 can form a complex with either Csg1 or Csh1 and is considered to act as a regulatory subunit. After complexing with Csg2, both Csg1 and Csh1 function in the Golgi, and then are delivered to the vacuole for degradation. Csg2 has several regulatory functions for Csg1 and Csh1, including stability, transport, and gene expression. Differing effects of Csg2 on the degradation of isozymes Csg1 and Csh1 in the vacuole
Csg1p and Csg2p are involved in the synthesis of mannosylinositol phosphorylceramide (MIPC) from inositol phosphorylceramide. Csg1p and Csh1p have redundant functions in MIPC synthesis. Csg2p interacts with both Csg1p and Csh1p. Two distinct inositol phosphorylceramide mannosyltransferase complexes, Csg1p-Csg2p and Csh1p-Csg2p, exist. Csg1p or Csh1p activity may be regulated by Ca2+ through Csg2p
Csh1p is involved in the synthesis of mannosylinositol phosphorylceramide (MIPC) from inositol phosphorylceramide. Csg1p and Csh1p have redundant functions in MIPC synthesis. Csg2p interacts with both Csg1p and Csh1p. Two distinct inositol phosphorylceramide mannosyltransferase complexes, Csg1p-Csg2p and Csh1p-Csg2p, exist. Csg1p or Csh1p activity may be regulated by Ca2+ through Csg2p
in the Golgi, IPC is mannosylated to form mannosylinositolphosphorylceramide (MIPC). Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells require two genes, CSG1/SUR1 and CSG2, for growth in 50 mM Ca2+, but not 50 mM Sr2+. CSG2 is previously shown to be required for the mannosylation of inositol-phosphorylceramide (IPC) to form mannosylinositol-phosphorylceramide (MIPC). SUR1/CSG1 is both genetically and biochemically related to CSG2. Like CSG2, SUR1/CSG1 is required for IPC mannosylation
Csg1p and Csg2p are involved in the synthesis of mannosylinositol phosphorylceramide (MIPC) from inositol phosphorylceramide. Csg1p and Csh1p have redundant functions in MIPC synthesis. Csg2p interacts with both Csg1p and Csh1p. Two distinct inositol phosphorylceramide mannosyltransferase complexes, Csg1p-Csg2p and Csh1p-Csg2p, exist. Csg1p or Csh1p activity may be regulated by Ca2+ through Csg2p
complex sphingolipids in yeast are known to function in cellular adaptation to environmental changes. One of the yeast complex sphingolipids, mannosylinositol phosphorylceramide (MIPC), is produced by the redundant inositol phosphorylceramide (IPC) mannosyltransferases Csg1 and Csh1. The Ca2+-binding protein Csg2 can form a complex with either Csg1 or Csh1 and is considered to act as a regulatory subunit. After complexing with Csg2, both Csg1 and Csh1 function in the Golgi, and then are delivered to the vacuole for degradation. Csg2 has several regulatory functions for Csg1 and Csh1, including stability, transport, and gene expression. Differing effects of Csg2 on the degradation of isozymes Csg1 and Csh1 in the vacuole
in the Golgi, IPC is mannosylated to form mannosylinositolphosphorylceramide (MIPC). Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells require two genes, CSG1/SUR1 and CSG2, for growth in 50 mM Ca2+, but not 50 mM Sr2+. CSG2 is previously shown to be required for the mannosylation of inositol-phosphorylceramide (IPC) to form mannosylinositol-phosphorylceramide (MIPC). SUR1/CSG1 is both genetically and biochemically related to CSG2. Like CSG2, SUR1/CSG1 is required for IPC mannosylation
Csh1p is involved in the synthesis of mannosylinositol phosphorylceramide (MIPC) from inositol phosphorylceramide. Csg1p and Csh1p have redundant functions in MIPC synthesis. Csg2p interacts with both Csg1p and Csh1p. Two distinct inositol phosphorylceramide mannosyltransferase complexes, Csg1p-Csg2p and Csh1p-Csg2p, exist. Csg1p or Csh1p activity may be regulated by Ca2+ through Csg2p
Csg1 is N-glycosylated with core-type structures. Deglycosylation by peptide N-glycosidase (PNGase) F. Csg2 has an effect on the glycosylation status of Csg1. Csg1 is predicted to be N-glycosylated at N224, N295, N298, N370, N379, and N380
Csh1 is N-glycosylated with mannan-type structures. Deglycosylation by peptide N-glycosidase (PNGase) F. Csg2 has an effect on the glycosylation status of Csh1. Csh1 is N-glycosylated at N51 and N247
Csg1 is N-glycosylated with core-type structures. Deglycosylation by peptide N-glycosidase (PNGase) F. Csg2 has an effect on the glycosylation status of Csg1. Csg1 is predicted to be N-glycosylated at N224, N295, N298, N370, N379, and N380
Csh1 is N-glycosylated with mannan-type structures. Deglycosylation by peptide N-glycosidase (PNGase) F. Csg2 has an effect on the glycosylation status of Csh1. Csh1 is N-glycosylated at N51 and N247
association between recombinant HA3-tagged Csg2p and His6-myc-tagged Csg1p. The N-terminally truncated Csg2p retains the Csg1p-interacting site. The small amounts of M(IP)2C-B'/B and MIPC-C observed in the DELTAcsg2 cells are completely lacking after the introduction of the DELTAcsg1 mutation. The DELTAcsg2 mutant, as well as the DELTAcsg1/DELTAcsh1 double mutant, is highly sensitive to Ca2+ and does not grow on the YPD plate medium. Overexpression of Csg1p suppresses the Ca2+-sensitive phenotype of a csg2 mutant, but in the inverse experiment, overexpression of Csg2p does not suppress the Ca2+-sensitivity of a csg1 mutant
association between recombinant HA3-tagged Csg2p and His6-myc-tagged Csg1p. The N-terminally truncated Csg2p retains the Csg1p-interacting site. The small amounts of M(IP)2C-B'/B and MIPC-C observed in the DELTAcsg2 cells are completely lacking after the introduction of the DELTAcsg1 mutation. The DELTAcsg2 mutant, as well as the DELTAcsg1/DELTAcsh1 double mutant, is highly sensitive to Ca2+ and does not grow on the YPD plate medium. Overexpression of Csg1p suppresses the Ca2+-sensitive phenotype of a csg2 mutant, but in the inverse experiment, overexpression of Csg2p does not suppress the Ca2+-sensitivity of a csg1 mutant
generation of csg1 and csg2 mutants, phenotypes, overview. The csg1DELTA strain (689DELTAcsg1) is constructed by disrupting CSG1 in DBY689 (MATa ura3-52 leu2). The isogenic csg2D (689Dcsg2) and ccc2D (689Dccc2) strains are constructed by transforming DBY689 with the CSG2- or CCC2-disrupting constructs. Cu2+ reverses the Ca2+ sensitivity of csg1 mutant cells. Kinetics of Ca2+-induced cell death, in both csg1 and csg2 mutants, Ca2+ accumulation begins after a delay of about 30 min following addition of 10 mM Ca2+. This overaccumulation phenotype is specific for Ca2+, since Sr2+ accumulation in the csg1 and csg2 mutant cells is comparable to Sr2+ accumulation by wild-type cells. Calcineurin, calmodulin and phospholipase C do not mediate the Ca2+-induced death of the csg mutants
generation of csg1 and csg2 mutants, phenotypes, overview. The csg1DELTA strain (689DELTAcsg1) is constructed by disrupting CSG1 in DBY689 (MATa ura3-52 leu2). The isogenic csg2D (689Dcsg2) and ccc2D (689Dccc2) strains are constructed by transforming DBY689 with the CSG2- or CCC2-disrupting constructs. Cu2+ reverses the Ca2+ sensitivity of csg1 mutant cells. Kinetics of Ca2+-induced cell death, in both csg1 and csg2 mutants, Ca2+ accumulation begins after a delay of about 30 min following addition of 10 mM Ca2+. This overaccumulation phenotype is specific for Ca2+, since Sr2+ accumulation in the csg1 and csg2 mutant cells is comparable to Sr2+ accumulation by wild-type cells. Calcineurin, calmodulin and phospholipase C do not mediate the Ca2+-induced death of the csg mutants
association between recombinant HA3-tagged Csg2p and His6-myc-tagged Csg1p. The N-terminally truncated Csg2p retains the Csg1p-interacting site. The small amounts of M(IP)2C-B'/B and MIPC-C observed in the DELTAcsg2 cells are completely lacking after the introduction of the DELTAcsg1 mutation. The DELTAcsg2 mutant, as well as the DELTAcsg1/DELTAcsh1 double mutant, is highly sensitive to Ca2+ and does not grow on the YPD plate medium. Overexpression of Csg1p suppresses the Ca2+-sensitive phenotype of a csg2 mutant, but in the inverse experiment, overexpression of Csg2p does not suppress the Ca2+-sensitivity of a csg1 mutant
generation of csg1 and csg2 mutants, phenotypes, overview. The csg1DELTA strain (689DELTAcsg1) is constructed by disrupting CSG1 in DBY689 (MATa ura3-52 leu2). The isogenic csg2D (689Dcsg2) and ccc2D (689Dccc2) strains are constructed by transforming DBY689 with the CSG2- or CCC2-disrupting constructs. Cu2+ reverses the Ca2+ sensitivity of csg1 mutant cells. Kinetics of Ca2+-induced cell death, in both csg1 and csg2 mutants, Ca2+ accumulation begins after a delay of about 30 min following addition of 10 mM Ca2+. This overaccumulation phenotype is specific for Ca2+, since Sr2+ accumulation in the csg1 and csg2 mutant cells is comparable to Sr2+ accumulation by wild-type cells. Calcineurin, calmodulin and phospholipase C do not mediate the Ca2+-induced death of the csg mutants
gene CSG1, recombinant expression of C-terminally His6-myc-tagged enzyme in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Association between recombinant HA3-tagged Csg2p and His6-myc-tagged Csg1p
recombinant expression of FLAG3-tagged enzyme in Saccharomyces cerevisiae KA31-1A (CSG1 CSH1) cells resulting in SUY69 cells, coexpression of Cgs2 Ca2+-binding protein, quantitative real-time PCR enzyme expression analysis. Csg2 has an effect on the protein level of Csg1
recombinant FLAG3-tagged wild-type and mutant enzymes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae KA31-1A (CSG1 CSH1) cells resulting in SUY73 cells, coexpression of Cgs2 Ca2+-binding protein, quantitative real-time PCR enzyme expression analysis. Csg2 has an effect on the protein level of Csh1
SUR1 (CSG1/BCL21), a gene necessary for growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the presence of high Ca2+ concentrations at 37C, is required for mannosylation of inositolphosphorylceramide