HOME
login
history
all enzymes
BRENDA home
History
Information on EC 2.4.1.336 - monoglucosyldiacylglycerol synthase
for references in articles please use BRENDA:EC2.4.1.336Please wait a moment until all data is loaded. This message will disappear when all data is loaded.
EC Tree
2.4.1.336 monoglucosyldiacylglycerol synthaseIUBMB Comments
The enzymes from cyanobacteria are involved in the biosynthesis of galactolipids found in their photosynthetic membranes. The enzyme belongs to the GT2 family of configuration-inverting glycosyltranferases . cf. EC 2.4.1.337, 1,2-diacylglycerol 3-alpha-glucosyltransferase.
Specify your search results
Word Map
The enzyme appears in viruses and cellular organisms
Reaction Schemes
Synonyms
all3944, beta-monoglucosyldiacylglycerol synthase, MGD1, MgdA, MGS, monoglucosyldiacylglycerol synthase, Sll1377, UDP-glucose:1,2-diacylglycerol 3-beta-D-glucosyltransferase, 
more
topPlease wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
SYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
all3944
beta-monoglucosyldiacylglycerol synthase
MgdA
MGS
monoglucosyldiacylglycerol synthase
MgdA
-
-
-
-
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
UDP-alpha-D-glucose + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol = UDP + a 1,2-diacyl-3-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-sn-glycerol
-
-
-
-
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
PATHWAY SOURCE
PATHWAYS
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
UDP-alpha-D-glucose:1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-beta-D-glucosyltransferase
The enzymes from cyanobacteria are involved in the biosynthesis of galactolipids found in their photosynthetic membranes. The enzyme belongs to the GT2 family of configuration-inverting glycosyltranferases [2]. cf. EC 2.4.1.337, 1,2-diacylglycerol 3-alpha-glucosyltransferase.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
UDP-alpha-D-glucose + 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycerol
UDP + 1,2-dipalmitoyl-3-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-sn-glycerol
UDP-alpha-D-glucose + 1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-sn-glycerol
UDP + 1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-3-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-sn-glycerol
UDP-glucose + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
UDP + 1,2-diacyl-3-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-sn-glycerol
UDPglucose + 1,2-diacylglycerol
UDP + 3-D-glucosyl-1,2-diacylglycerol
-
-
-
?
UDPglucose + 1,2-dipalmitoylglycerol
UDP + 3-D-glucosyl-1,2-dipalmitoylglycerol
-
-
-
-
?
UDPglucose + 1-oleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol
UDP + 3-D-glucosyl-1-oleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol
-
-
-
-
?
UDPglucose + 1-stearoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol
UDP + 3-D-glucosyl-1-stearoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-glucose + 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycerol
UDP + 1,2-dipalmitoyl-3-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-sn-glycerol
-
about 20% of the activity with 1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-sn-glycerol
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-glucose + 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycerol
UDP + 1,2-dipalmitoyl-3-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-sn-glycerol
-
about 20% of the activity with 1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-sn-glycerol
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-glucose + 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycerol
UDP + 1,2-dipalmitoyl-3-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-sn-glycerol
-
about 20% of the activity with 1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-sn-glycerol
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-glucose + 1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-sn-glycerol
UDP + 1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-3-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-sn-glycerol
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-glucose + 1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-sn-glycerol
UDP + 1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-3-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-sn-glycerol
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-glucose + 1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-sn-glycerol
UDP + 1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-3-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-sn-glycerol
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-glucose + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
UDP + 1,2-diacyl-3-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-sn-glycerol
-
-
-
?
UDP-glucose + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
UDP + 1,2-diacyl-3-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-sn-glycerol
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
production of the intermediate precursor monoglucosyldiacylglycerol, by monoglucosyldiacylglycerol synthase
-
-
-
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
UDP-alpha-D-glucose + 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycerol
UDP + 1,2-dipalmitoyl-3-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-sn-glycerol
UDP-alpha-D-glucose + 1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-sn-glycerol
UDP + 1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-3-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-sn-glycerol
UDP-glucose + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
UDP + 1,2-diacyl-3-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-sn-glycerol
additional information
?
-
production of the intermediate precursor monoglucosyldiacylglycerol, by monoglucosyldiacylglycerol synthase
-
-
-
UDP-alpha-D-glucose + 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycerol
UDP + 1,2-dipalmitoyl-3-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-sn-glycerol
-
about 20% of the activity with 1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-sn-glycerol
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-glucose + 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycerol
UDP + 1,2-dipalmitoyl-3-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-sn-glycerol
-
about 20% of the activity with 1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-sn-glycerol
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-glucose + 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycerol
UDP + 1,2-dipalmitoyl-3-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-sn-glycerol
-
about 20% of the activity with 1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-sn-glycerol
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-glucose + 1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-sn-glycerol
UDP + 1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-3-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-sn-glycerol
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-glucose + 1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-sn-glycerol
UDP + 1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-3-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-sn-glycerol
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-glucose + 1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-sn-glycerol
UDP + 1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-3-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-sn-glycerol
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-glucose + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
UDP + 1,2-diacyl-3-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-sn-glycerol
-
-
-
?
UDP-glucose + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
UDP + 1,2-diacyl-3-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-sn-glycerol
-
-
-
?
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
Mg2+
Mg2+
-
required. In absence of Mg2+, enzyme shows 12.4% of maximum activity
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
digalactosyldiacylglycerol
; inhibition by the final products of galactolipid synthesis
monogalactosyldiacylglycerol
; inhibition by the final products of galactolipid synthesis
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol
7fold stimulation by 40 mol% in mixed micelles; potently stimulates the enzyme activity
additional information
-
isoform Sll1377 shows temperature-dependent activation, whereas the Sll1377 protein level remains unchanged
-
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
pH RANGE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
5 - 8.7
-
pH 5.0: about 45% of maximal activity, pH 8.7: about 50% of maximal activity
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
TEMPERATURE RANGE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
-
enzyme binds to the membrane in a fairly upright manner, mainly by residues in the N-terminal domain, and in a way that induces local enrichment of anionic lipids and a local curvature deformation
brenda
integral membrane protein; plasma and thylakoid membranes
brenda
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
metabolism
the enzyme is involved in the lipid synthesis in Synechocystis, pathway overview
physiological function
physiological function
functional expression of MGD1 in Synechocystis sp. to obtain a viable monoglucosyldiacylglycerol-deficient mutant of the cyanobacterium. Monoglucosyldiacylglycerol is not essential for its growth and photosynthesis under a set of normal growth conditions when monogalactosyldiacylglycerol is adequately supplied by the Arabidopsis monogalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase. The mutant has healthy thylakoidmembranes and normal pigment content. The membrane lipid composition of the mutant is similar to wild-type except for lack of monoglucosyldiacylglycerol and a slight increase in the level of phosphatidylglycerol at both normal and low temperatures.The ratio of unsaturated fatty acids in monogalactosyldiacylglycerol and digalactosyldiacylglycerol is reduced in the mutant compared with wild-type. The growth of the mutant is indistinguishable with that of wild-type at normal growth temperature, it is markedly retarded at low temperature
physiological function
synthesis of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol and digalactosyldiacylglycerol, the major membrane lipids in cyanobacteria, begins with production of the intermediate precursor monoglucosyldiacylglycerol, by monoglucosyldiacylglycerol synthase
physiological function
-
membrane protein monoglucosyldiacylglycerol synthase MGS is responsible for the creation of intracellular membranes when overexpressed in Escherichia coli. During 22 h of MGS induction, the lipid/protein ratio increases by 38% in MGS-expressing cells compared to control cells. Unsaturation levels remain constant for MGS cells (about 62%) but significantly decrease in control cells (from 61% to 36%). Cyclopropanated fatty acid content is lower in MGS producing cells while control cells have an increased cyclopropanation activity. Among all lipids, phosphatidylethanolamine is the most affected species in terms of cyclopropanation; role of enzyme MGS protein on stress regulation and cyclopropane fatty acid synthase activity. The fatty acid composition changes in enzyme MGS-overexpressing cells, overview
physiological function
-
enzyme binds to the membrane in a fairly upright manner, mainly by residues in the N-terminal domain, and in a way that induces local enrichment of anionic lipids and a local curvature deformation. Several MGS variants resulting from substitution of residues in the membrane anchoring segment are still able to generate vesicles when heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli, regardless of enzymatic activity
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
UNIPROT
ENTRY NAME
ORGANISM
NO. OF AA
NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]
SOURCE
Sequence
BMGDS_NOSS1
Nostoc sp. (strain PCC 7120 / SAG 25.82 / UTEX 2576)
468
4
52828
Swiss-Prot
BMGDS_SYNY3
Synechocystis sp. (strain PCC 6803 / Kazusa)
479
4
54134
Swiss-Prot
BMGDS_TRIV2
Trichormus variabilis (strain ATCC 29413 / PCC 7937)
468
4
52844
Swiss-Prot
A0A5A5RFG1_MICAE
475
4
53437
TrEMBL
A0A1S9CWP1_9GAMM
759
0
82897
TrEMBL
A0A1S9CYQ1_9GAMM
694
0
76769
TrEMBL
A0A4S5BG42_BIFLI
407
4
45726
TrEMBL
A0A5J4F946_MICAE
475
4
53507
TrEMBL
A0A1S9D000_9GAMM
412
0
44555
TrEMBL
C5WF85_STRDG
Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (strain GGS_124)
444
0
50041
TrEMBL
A0A402DB96_MICAE
475
4
53437
TrEMBL
A0A1S5WEC9_STRGY
444
0
49844
TrEMBL
A0A5A5RXN5_MICAE
475
4
53518
TrEMBL
A0A2P2E6E0_9PROT
485
4
53665
TrEMBL
A0A5A5RD83_MICAE
475
4
53459
TrEMBL
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
CRYSTALLIZATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
structural model displays the characteristic double Rossmann fold of the GT-B superfamily, with the active site located in the cleft between the two domains. The C-terminal tail stretches back to and interacts with the N domain, perhaps acting as a tether that maintains close contacts between the two domains
-
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
PROTEIN VARIANTS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
K67A/R70A
-
mutation in the binding alpha helix, activity is dramatically reduced or even abolished, mutant is able to generate internal vesicles
K67A/R70A/R83A/K84A
-
mutation in the binding alpha helix, activity is dramatically reduced or even abolished, mutant is able to generate internal vesicles
K76A/R77A
-
mutation in the binding alpha helix, activity is dramatically reduced or even abolished, mutant is able to generate internal vesicles
L62A/V63A/V66A
-
mutation in the binding alpha helix, activity is dramatically reduced or even abolished, mutant is able to generate internal vesicles
R63A/K64A
-
mutation in the binding alpha helix, activity is dramatically reduced or even abolished, mutant is able to generate internal vesicles
R80A/K81A
-
mutation in the binding alpha helix, mutant is active and able to generate internal vesicles.
R83A/K84A
-
mutation in the binding alpha helix, activity is dramatically reduced or even abolished, mutant is able to generate internal vesicles; mutation in the binding alpha helix, mutant is active and able to generate internal vesicles
D147Q
-
mutation significantly reduces the activity and blocks temperature-dependent activation
D200A
-
mutation significantly reduces the activity and blocks temperature-dependent activation
R329A
-
mutation significantly reduces the activity and blocks temperature-dependent activation
R331A
-
mutation significantly reduces the activity and blocks temperature-dependent activation
additional information
-
deletion of 9, 19 or 29 amino acids of the C-terminal tail destroys the activity in vitro. The ability to generate internal vesicles is dirupted in mutants lacking 19 and 29 amino acids
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
STORAGE STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
PURIFICATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
expression in Escherichia coli
expression in Escherichia coli; recombinant overexpression in Escherichia coli strain BL21-AI membranes resulting in an upregulated phospholipid synthesis and vesiculation, acyl chain ordering of lipids during enzyme MGS production, overview
-
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Sato, N.; Murata, N.
Lipid biosynthesis in the blue-green alga (cyanobacterium), Anabaena variabilis III. UDPglucose:diacylglycerol glucosyltransferase activity in vitro
Plant Cell Physiol.
23
1115-1120
1982
Trichormus variabilis
-
brenda
Shimojima, M.; Tsuchiya, M.; Ohta, H.
Temperature-dependent hyper-activation of monoglucosyldiacylglycerol synthase is post-translationally regulated in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803
FEBS Lett.
583
2372-2376
2009
Synechocystis sp. (P74165), Synechocystis sp.
brenda
Yuzawa, Y.; Shimojima, M.; Sato, R.; Mizusawa, N.; Ikeda, K.; Suzuki, M.; Iwai, M.; Hori, K.; Wada, H.; Masuda, S.; Ohta, H.
Cyanobacterial monogalactosyldiacylglycerol-synthesis pathway is involved in normal unsaturation of galactolipids and low-temperature adaptation of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
1841
475-483
2014
Arabidopsis thaliana (O81770)
brenda
Awai, K.; Kakimoto, T.; Awai, C.; Kaneko, T.; Nakamura, Y.; Takamiya, K.; Wada, H.; Ohta, H.
Comparative genomic analysis revealed a gene for monoglucosyldiacylglycerol synthase, an enzyme for photosynthetic membrane lipid synthesis in cyanobacteria
Plant Physiol.
141
1120-1127
2006
Anabaena sp., Anabaena sp. PCC 7120, Synechocystis sp. (P74165)
brenda
Selao, T.; Zhang, L.; Ariöz, C.; Wieslander, A.; Norling, B.
Subcellular localization of monoglucosyldiacylglycerol synthase in Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 and its unique regulation by lipid environment
PLoS ONE
9
e88153
2014
Synechocystis sp. (P74165), Synechocystis sp.
brenda
Arioez, C.; Goetzke, H.; Lindholm, L.; Eriksson, J.; Edwards, K.; Daley, D.O.; Barth, A.; Wieslander, A.
Heterologous overexpression of a monotopic glucosyltransferase (MGS) induces fatty acid remodeling in Escherichia coli membranes
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
1838
1862-1870
2014
Acholeplasma laidlawii, Acholeplasma laidlawii (Q93P60)
brenda
Ge, C.; Gomez-Llobregat, J.; Skwark, M.J.; Ruysschaert, J.M.; Wieslander, A.; Linden, M.
Membrane remodeling capacity of a vesicle-inducing glycosyltransferase
FEBS J.
281
3667-3684
2014
Acholeplasma laidlawii (Q93P60)
brenda
Select items on the left to see more content.
EXTERNAL LINKS (specific for EC-Number 2.4.1.336)
html completed
Use of this online version of BRENDA is free under the CC BY 4.0 license. See terms of use for full details.
Information
