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ADP-glucose + (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n
ADP + (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n+1
ADP-glucose + (1,4-alpha-glucosyl)n
ADP + (1,4-alpha-glucosyl)n+1
ADP-glucose + amylopectin
ADP + ?
CDP-glucose + (1,4-alpha-glucosyl)n
CDP + ?
-
UDP-glucose utilizing enzyme, 2.5% of the activity with UDP-glucose
-
-
?
dTDP-glucose + (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n
dTDP + (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n+1
-
-
-
-
?
GDP-glucose + (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n
GDP + (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n+1
-
-
-
-
?
GDP-glucose + (1,4-alpha-glucosyl)n
GDP + ?
-
UDP-glucose utilizing enzyme, 28.7% of the activity with UDP-glucose
-
-
?
NDP-glucose + glycogen
?
-
-
-
-
?
NDP-glucose + [(1-4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n
NDP + [(1-4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n+1
UDP-galactose + (1,4-alpha-glucosyl)n
UDP + ?
-
UDP-glucose utilizing enzyme, 10.1% of the activity with UDP-glucose
-
-
?
UDP-glucose + (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n
UDP + (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n+1
UDP-glucose + (1,4-alpha-glucosyl)n
UDP + (1,4-alpha-glucosyl)n+1
additional information
?
-
ADP-glucose + (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n
ADP + (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n+1
-
-
-
?
ADP-glucose + (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n
ADP + (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n+1
-
the enzyme shows similar affinities for ADP and UDP-glucose, while the Vmax measured with UDP-glucose is twofold higher
-
-
?
ADP-glucose + (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n
ADP + (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n+1
-
-
-
-
?
ADP-glucose + (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n
ADP + (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n+1
-
-
-
-
?
ADP-glucose + (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n
ADP + (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n+1
-
-
-
-
?
ADP-glucose + (1,4-alpha-glucosyl)n
ADP + (1,4-alpha-glucosyl)n+1
-
ADP-glucose is almost 9fold less effective than UDP-glucose, utilized by the ADP-glucose utilizing enzyme
-
-
?
ADP-glucose + (1,4-alpha-glucosyl)n
ADP + (1,4-alpha-glucosyl)n+1
-
ADP-glucose is almost 9fold less effective than UDP-glucose, utilized by the ADP-glucose utilizing enzyme and UDP-glucose utilizing enzyme, the latter shows 3.8% activity compared to UDP-glucose
-
-
?
ADP-glucose + (1,4-alpha-glucosyl)n
ADP + (1,4-alpha-glucosyl)n+1
-
-
-
-
?
ADP-glucose + (1,4-alpha-glucosyl)n
ADP + (1,4-alpha-glucosyl)n+1
i.e. starch, composition of starch granule, including amylopectin, amylose, A-type and B-type crystals
-
-
?
ADP-glucose + (1,4-alpha-glucosyl)n
ADP + (1,4-alpha-glucosyl)n+1
i.e. starch
-
-
?
ADP-glucose + (1,4-alpha-glucosyl)n
ADP + (1,4-alpha-glucosyl)n+1
-
-
-
?
ADP-glucose + (1,4-alpha-glucosyl)n
ADP + (1,4-alpha-glucosyl)n+1
-
-
-
-
?
ADP-glucose + (1,4-alpha-glucosyl)n
ADP + (1,4-alpha-glucosyl)n+1
-
the Waxy protein and the granule-bound starch synthase are identical
-
-
?
ADP-glucose + (1,4-alpha-glucosyl)n
ADP + (1,4-alpha-glucosyl)n+1
-
the waxy protein and the granule-bound starch synthase are not identical
-
-
?
ADP-glucose + (1,4-alpha-glucosyl)n
ADP + (1,4-alpha-glucosyl)n+1
-
-
-
?
ADP-glucose + (1,4-alpha-glucosyl)n
ADP + (1,4-alpha-glucosyl)n+1
-
-
-
-
?
ADP-glucose + (1,4-alpha-glucosyl)n
ADP + (1,4-alpha-glucosyl)n+1
-
substrate for the granule-bound enzyme are starch granules
-
-
?
ADP-glucose + (1,4-alpha-glucosyl)n
ADP + (1,4-alpha-glucosyl)n+1
-
-
-
-
?
ADP-glucose + (1,4-alpha-glucosyl)n
ADP + (1,4-alpha-glucosyl)n+1
-
i.e. starch
-
-
?
ADP-glucose + amylopectin
ADP + ?
-
-
-
-
?
ADP-glucose + amylopectin
ADP + ?
-
-
-
-
?
NDP-glucose + [(1-4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n
NDP + [(1-4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n+1
-
-
-
?
NDP-glucose + [(1-4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n
NDP + [(1-4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n+1
-
-
-
?
NDP-glucose + [(1-4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n
NDP + [(1-4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n+1
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-glucose + (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n
UDP + (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n+1
-
the granule-bound starch synthase from Guillardia theta is demonstrated to be responsible for the synthesis of long glucan chains. Guillardia theta utilizes a UDP-glucose-based pathway to synthesize starch
-
-
?
UDP-glucose + (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n
UDP + (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n+1
-
the enzyme shows similar affinities for ADP and UDP-glucose, while the Vmax measured with UDP-glucose is twofold higher
-
-
?
UDP-glucose + (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n
UDP + (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n+1
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-glucose + (1,4-alpha-glucosyl)n
UDP + (1,4-alpha-glucosyl)n+1
-
UDP-glucose is the preferred glucosyl donor, utilized by the UDP-glucose utilizing enzyme
-
-
?
UDP-glucose + (1,4-alpha-glucosyl)n
UDP + (1,4-alpha-glucosyl)n+1
-
10% of the activity with ADP-glucose
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the UDP-glucose utilizing enzyme shows broad primer specificity
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme is involved in the starch synthesis pathway synthesizing the amylose component, putative mechanism of regulation of GBSSI gene in photosynthetic tissue assuring the steady-state level of the isozyme, circadian oscillations of the mRNA level in leaves during day/night cycle, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the KTGGL motif is reported to be the ADP-glucose binding site
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
decreased amylose synthesis activity and altered starch granule morphology during nitrogen starvation, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme requires the presence of crystalline amylopectin for granule binding and production of amylose, while unbound enzyme occuring in debranching enzyme mutants are only capable to synthesize amylose-like material
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
isozyme GBSSI synthesizes the amylose component of starch, while isozyme GBSSII does not, due to kinetic differences
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme plays an important role in the synthesis of B2 and B3 chains of amylopectin in pea
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
isozyme GBSSI in isolated starch granules elongates malto-oligosaccharides progressively, adding more than one glucose molecule for each enzyme-glucan encounter, isozyme GBSSII also elongates malto-oligosaccharides but with lower affinity and not progressively
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
most effective primer of the reaction is amylopectin, 16% activity with glycogen compared to amylopectin
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme gains most of its substrate affinity through electrostatic interactions between the enzyme and the alpha-phosphate. No activity with UDP-galactose, no phosphorylase activity
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
isozyme GBSSII has an important function in amylose synthesis in the pericarp of seeds
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the 56-kDa protein is an isozyme of the waxy protein in diploid wheat and belongs to the GBSSI family
-
-
?
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ADP-glucose + (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n
ADP + (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n+1
-
-
-
?
ADP-glucose + (1,4-alpha-glucosyl)n
ADP + (1,4-alpha-glucosyl)n+1
NDP-glucose + [(1-4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n
NDP + [(1-4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n+1
UDP-glucose + (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n
UDP + (1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl)n+1
-
the granule-bound starch synthase from Guillardia theta is demonstrated to be responsible for the synthesis of long glucan chains. Guillardia theta utilizes a UDP-glucose-based pathway to synthesize starch
-
-
?
UDP-glucose + (1,4-alpha-glucosyl)n
UDP + (1,4-alpha-glucosyl)n+1
-
UDP-glucose is the preferred glucosyl donor, utilized by the UDP-glucose utilizing enzyme
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
ADP-glucose + (1,4-alpha-glucosyl)n
ADP + (1,4-alpha-glucosyl)n+1
-
ADP-glucose is almost 9fold less effective than UDP-glucose, utilized by the ADP-glucose utilizing enzyme
-
-
?
ADP-glucose + (1,4-alpha-glucosyl)n
ADP + (1,4-alpha-glucosyl)n+1
-
-
-
-
?
ADP-glucose + (1,4-alpha-glucosyl)n
ADP + (1,4-alpha-glucosyl)n+1
i.e. starch, composition of starch granule, including amylopectin, amylose, A-type and B-type crystals
-
-
?
ADP-glucose + (1,4-alpha-glucosyl)n
ADP + (1,4-alpha-glucosyl)n+1
-
-
-
?
ADP-glucose + (1,4-alpha-glucosyl)n
ADP + (1,4-alpha-glucosyl)n+1
-
-
-
-
?
ADP-glucose + (1,4-alpha-glucosyl)n
ADP + (1,4-alpha-glucosyl)n+1
-
the Waxy protein and the granule-bound starch synthase are identical
-
-
?
ADP-glucose + (1,4-alpha-glucosyl)n
ADP + (1,4-alpha-glucosyl)n+1
-
the waxy protein and the granule-bound starch synthase are not identical
-
-
?
ADP-glucose + (1,4-alpha-glucosyl)n
ADP + (1,4-alpha-glucosyl)n+1
-
-
-
?
ADP-glucose + (1,4-alpha-glucosyl)n
ADP + (1,4-alpha-glucosyl)n+1
-
-
-
-
?
ADP-glucose + (1,4-alpha-glucosyl)n
ADP + (1,4-alpha-glucosyl)n+1
-
-
-
-
?
NDP-glucose + [(1-4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n
NDP + [(1-4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n+1
-
-
-
?
NDP-glucose + [(1-4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n
NDP + [(1-4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n+1
-
-
-
?
NDP-glucose + [(1-4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n
NDP + [(1-4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n+1
-
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme is involved in the starch synthesis pathway synthesizing the amylose component, putative mechanism of regulation of GBSSI gene in photosynthetic tissue assuring the steady-state level of the isozyme, circadian oscillations of the mRNA level in leaves during day/night cycle, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
decreased amylose synthesis activity and altered starch granule morphology during nitrogen starvation, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
isozyme GBSSI synthesizes the amylose component of starch, while isozyme GBSSII does not, due to kinetic differences
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme plays an important role in the synthesis of B2 and B3 chains of amylopectin in pea
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
isozyme GBSSII has an important function in amylose synthesis in the pericarp of seeds
-
-
?
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evolution
diversification of GBSS genes in plants, overview
evolution
diversification of GBSS genes in plants, overview
evolution
diversification of GBSS genes in plants, overview
evolution
diversification of GBSS genes in plants, overview
evolution
-
genotyping and phylogenetic analysis, starch phenotyping
evolution
-
genotyping and phylogenetic analysis, starch phenotyping
malfunction
loss of GBSS activity results in starch granules containing mostly amylopectin and little or no amylose (phenotype waxy)
malfunction
-
waxy wheat, which accumulates amylose-free starch, is developed by the elimination of granule-bound starch synthase I (GBSSI),1 which is responsible for amylose synthesis in endosperm tissue. Starch of Wx wheat shows a modified gelatinization curve, with a lower gelatinization onset temperature, higher peak viscosity, and lower setback compared to wild-type wheat
malfunction
Arabidopsis thaliana ptst mutants synthesise amylose-free starch and are phenotypically similar to mutants lacking GBSS. Mutation of the CBM domain of PTST causes GBSS to remain in the plastid stroma
malfunction
-
phenotyping of a GBSSIa or GBSSIb null mutant
malfunction
a null mutation of the Wx gene in each of the three genomes is associated with starch almost entirely consisting of the branched glucan polymer amylopectin (waxy starch), with corresponding changes in functionality
metabolism
-
relationships among amylose and amylopectin accumulation and enzyme activities related to starch synthesis, involving GBSS, overview
metabolism
-
tropical tree Cecropia peltata is a rare example of an organism able to make either polymer type, glycogen and starch. Glycogen accumulates to very high levels in specialized myrmecophytic structures (Müllerian bodies), whereas starch accumulates in leaves. Compared with polymers comprising leaf starch, glycogen is more highly branched and has shorter branches, factors that prevent crystallization and explain its solubility
metabolism
the enzyme is involved in the synthesis of amylose
physiological function
-
GBSS is responsible for the biosynthesis of the amylose
physiological function
-
key enzyme responsible for the amylose synthesis in kernel starch granules and in non-storage tissue
physiological function
-
key enzyme responsible for the amylose synthesis in kernel starch granules and in non-storage tissue
physiological function
-
key enzyme responsible for the amylose synthesis in kernel starch granules and in non-storage tissue
physiological function
-
key enzyme responsible for the amylose synthesis in kernel starch granules and in non-storage tissue
physiological function
-
key enzyme responsible for the amylose synthesis in kernel starch granules and in non-storage tissue
physiological function
-
key enzyme responsible for the amylose synthesis in kernel starch granules and in non-storage tissue
physiological function
-
key enzyme responsible for the amylose synthesis in kernel starch granules and in non-storage tissue
physiological function
-
key enzyme responsible for the amylose synthesis in kernel starch granules and in non-storage tissue
physiological function
-
key enzyme responsible for the amylose synthesis in kernel starch granules and in non-storage tissue
physiological function
-
key enzyme responsible for the amylose synthesis in kernel starch granules and in non-storage tissue
physiological function
-
key enzyme responsible for the amylose synthesis in kernel starch granules and in non-storage tissue
physiological function
-
key enzyme responsible for the amylose synthesis in kernel starch granules and in non-storage tissue
physiological function
responsible for amylose synthesis in starch granules
physiological function
expression of GBSS genes is likely related to starch accumulation in fruit
physiological function
expression of GBSS genes is likely related to starch accumulation in fruit
physiological function
expression of GBSS genes is likely related to starch accumulation in fruit
physiological function
-
GBSS1 is the key enzyme in amylose synthesis and exclusively controls all enzyme activities in this pathway, overview. GBSS1 activity is increased compared to wild-type when soluble starch synthases SS2 and SS1 are missing, and the total amount of amylose in the leaves is elevated, SS1 and SS2 activity both can influence the activity of GBSS1
physiological function
-
granule-bound starch synthase I, GBSSI, which is responsible for amylose synthesis in endosperm tissue
physiological function
the waxy protein GBSSI, encoded by the wx locus, is an enzyme essential for amylose synthesis
physiological function
Arabidopsis thaliana mutants lacking plastidial protein PTST synthesise amylose-free starch and are phenotypically similar to mutants lacking granule-bound starch synthase GBSS. PTST mutant starch granules show a dramatic reduction of GBSS protein. GBSS physically interacts with PTST via a coiled coil. The carbohydrate binding module of PTST, which mediates its interaction with starch granules, is also required for correct GBSS localisation. Arabidopsis GBSS requires the presence of Arabidopsis PTST to localise to starch granules. Mutation of the carbohydrate binding module of PTST causes GBSS to remain in the plastid stroma
physiological function
-
GBSS1 can form oligomers in rice endosperm, and oligomerized OsGBSS1 exhibits much higher specific enzymatic activity than the monomer. A monomer-oligomer transition equilibrium occurs in the endosperm during development. Redox potential is a key factor affecting the oligomer percentage as well as the enzymatic activity. Adenosine diphosphate glucose, the direct donor of glucose, also impacts GBSS1 oligomerization in a concentration-dependent manner. GBSS1 oligomerization is influenced by phosphorylation status, which is strongly enhanced by mitogen-activated protein kinase MAPK and ATP treatment and is sharply weakened by protein phosphatase treatment
physiological function
granule-bound starch synthase is responsible for amylose synthesis, isozyme MaGBSSI-3 might be involved in the later stages (30-60 days) of starch granule filling during the development of banana fruit
physiological function
granule-bound starch synthase is responsible for amylose synthesis, the isozymes MaGBSSI-1, MaGBSSI-2, MaGBSSI-4, MaGBSSII-1, and MaGBSSII-2 might be involved in the early stages (0-30 d) of starch granule-filling
physiological function
granule-bound starch synthase is responsible for amylose synthesis, the isozymes MaGBSSI-1, MaGBSSI-2, MaGBSSI-4, MaGBSSII-1, and MaGBSSII-2 might be involved in the early stages (030 d) of starch granule-filling
physiological function
the expression level of the GBSSII-1 gene is positively correlated with amylose accumulation in lotus rhizome and seed
physiological function
-
GBSS1 can form oligomers in rice endosperm, and oligomerized OsGBSS1 exhibits much higher specific enzymatic activity than the monomer. A monomer-oligomer transition equilibrium occurs in the endosperm during development. Redox potential is a key factor affecting the oligomer percentage as well as the enzymatic activity. Adenosine diphosphate glucose, the direct donor of glucose, also impacts GBSS1 oligomerization in a concentration-dependent manner. GBSS1 oligomerization is influenced by phosphorylation status, which is strongly enhanced by mitogen-activated protein kinase MAPK and ATP treatment and is sharply weakened by protein phosphatase treatment
-
additional information
-
differences in the debranched starch molecular size distribution between Ilpumbyeo and Goami 2 are similar between Nipponbare and ami-BEIIb, a transgenic line with downregulated SBEIIb
additional information
-
differences in the debranched starch molecular size distribution between indica variety IR36 and its SBEIIb mutant, IR36ae, which has more amylose chains than IR36 due to more active GBSSI
additional information
three-dimensional structures of free and ADP-glucose bound catalytic domain, overview
additional information
-
three-dimensional structures of free and ADP-glucose bound catalytic domain, overview
additional information
-
the very low and low apparent amylose content levels are tightly associated with a G to T in the first intron whereas intermediate and high amylose is associated with a T genotype at SNP in exon 10. The correlation between the combination of T genotype at SNP in the first intron, C in exon 6, or C in exon 10 is predominant among low amylose rice varieties, existence of Wxop allele in Vietnamese rice germplasm. The low amylose properties of Vietnamese local rice germplasm are attributable to spontaneous mutations at exons, and not at the splicing donor site
additional information
the very low and low apparent amylose content levels are tightly associated with a G to T in the first intron whereas intermediate and high amylose is associated with a T genotype at SNP in exon 10. The correlation between the combination of T genotype at SNP in the first intron, C in exon 6, or C in exon 10 is predominant among low amylose rice varieties, existence of Wxop allele in Vietnamese rice germplasm. The low amylose properties of Vietnamese local rice germplasm are attributable to spontaneous mutations at exons, and not at the splicing donor site
additional information
-
differences in the debranched starch molecular size distribution between Ilpumbyeo and Goami 2 are similar between Nipponbare and ami-BEIIb, a transgenic line with downregulated SBEIIb
-
additional information
-
differences in the debranched starch molecular size distribution between indica variety IR36 and its SBEIIb mutant, IR36ae, which has more amylose chains than IR36 due to more active GBSSI
-
additional information
-
differences in the debranched starch molecular size distribution between Ilpumbyeo and Goami 2 are similar between Nipponbare and ami-BEIIb, a transgenic line with downregulated SBEIIb
-
additional information
-
differences in the debranched starch molecular size distribution between indica variety IR36 and its SBEIIb mutant, IR36ae, which has more amylose chains than IR36 due to more active GBSSI
-
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DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, gene structure, genetic organization in the polyploid genome, phylogenetic analysis
DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, peptide mapping
-
DNA sequence determination and analysis, promotor analysis
-
expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) cells
-
expression in Escherichia coli
-
GBSSI genotyping in Goami 2 mutant line, Goami 2 and the wild-type Ilpumbyeo both carry the Wx allele of the Waxy gene
-
GBSSI genotyping in wild-type and mutant lines
-
GBSSI, DNA sequence determination and analysis, expression in Escherichia coli, complementation of the sta2-1 mutation, phylogenetic tree
gene GBSS, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, phylogenetic analysis
gene GBSS-I, sequencing and characterization of the GBSSI alleles GBSSIa or GBSSIb, tetraploid accession, genotyping and expression analysis, phylogenetic analysis
-
gene GBSS-I, sequencing and characterization of the GBSSI gene in 18 accessions of Chenopodium, including Andean quinoa and the related Mesoamerican chenopod grain species, Chenopodium berlandieri subsp. nuttalliae Saff. Two distinct homeologues GBSSIa and GBSSIb are identified in the tetraploid accessions, and 19 different alleles are identified, including three null mutants, one in an accession of quinoa and two in a waxy landrace of Chenopodium berlandieri subsp. nuttalliae, genotyping and expression analysis, phylogenetic analysis
-
gene GBSSII-1, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, phylogenetic analysis
gene GBSSII-2, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, phylogenetic analysis
gene GBSSII-3, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, phylogenetic analysis
gene MaGBSSI-1, located along chromosome 3, cloned from fruit, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, phylogenetic analysis and tree
gene MaGBSSI-2, located along chromosome 3, cloned from fruit, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, phylogenetic analysis and tree
gene MaGBSSI-3, located along chromosome 3, cloned from fruit, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, phylogenetic analysis and tree
gene MaGBSSI-4, located on chromosome 9, cloned from fruit, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, phylogenetic analysis and tree
gene MaGBSSII-1, located on chromosome 4, cloned from fruit, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, phylogenetic analysis and tree
gene MaGBSSII-2, located on chromosome 8, cloned from fruit, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, phylogenetic analysis and tree
gene waxy, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, genetic structure, phylogenetic analysis
gene wx, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, genetic structure, phylogenetic analysis
granule-bound starch synthase I gene or Waxy gene, alleles can be classified into seven groups that reflect differences in apparent amylose content, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, expression analysis
identification of 3 waxy gene homologues in the hexaploid wheat located on chromosomes 7A, 4A, and 7D, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, gene structure, phylogenetic tree, overview
into the vector pUC18 and the binary plasmid pCAM35SBar
overexpression of the His-tagged GBSSI catalytic domain, residues Met83-Pro609, in Escherichia coli strain BL21
recombinant expression of C-terminally HA and cyan fluorescent protein (CFP) tandem tagged wild-type nd mutant enzymes in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves via Agrobactrium tumefaciens transformation and in Nicotiana tabacum epidermal cells. Wild-type GBSS enzyme is only detected in the immunoprecipitate when TAP-tagged PTST is coexpressed, confirming the protein-protein interaction
DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, gene structure, genetic organization in the polyploid genome, phylogenetic analysis
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DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, gene structure, genetic organization in the polyploid genome, phylogenetic analysis
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DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, gene structure, genetic organization in the polyploid genome, phylogenetic analysis
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DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, gene structure, genetic organization in the polyploid genome, phylogenetic analysis
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DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, gene structure, genetic organization in the polyploid genome, phylogenetic analysis
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DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, gene structure, genetic organization in the polyploid genome, phylogenetic analysis
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DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, gene structure, genetic organization in the polyploid genome, phylogenetic analysis
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DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, gene structure, genetic organization in the polyploid genome, phylogenetic analysis
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gene GBSSII-1, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, phylogenetic analysis
gene GBSSII-1, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, phylogenetic analysis
gene GBSSII-1, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, phylogenetic analysis
gene GBSSII-2, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, phylogenetic analysis
gene GBSSII-2, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, phylogenetic analysis
gene GBSSII-2, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, phylogenetic analysis
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Nakamura, T.; Vrinten, P.; Hayakawa, K.; Ikeda, J.
Characterization of a granule-bound starch synthase isoform found in the pericarp of wheat
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Triticum aestivum
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Denyer, K.; Waite, D.; Motawia, S.; Moller, B.L.; Smith, A.M.
Granule-bound starch synthase I in isolated starch granules elongates malto-oligosaccharides processively
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Pisum sativum
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Dauvillee, D.; Colleoni, C.; Shaw, E.; Mouille, G.; D'Hulst, C.; Morell, M.; Samuel, M.S.; Bouchet, B.; Gallant, D.J.; Sinskey, A.; Ball, S.
Novel, starch-like polysaccharides are synthesized by an unbound form of granule-bound starch synthase in glycogen-accumulating mutants of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Plant Physiol.
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1999
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
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Fujita, N.; Wadano, A.; Kozaki, S.; Takaoka, K.; Okabe, S.; Taira, T.
Comparison of the primary structure of waxy proteins (granule-bound starch synthase) between polyploid wheats and related diploid species
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Triticum aestivum, Triticum monococcum, Triticum turgidum, Aegilops tauschii, Aegilops searsii, Aegilops speltoides, Aegilops longissima, Triticum urartu
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Yanagisawa, T.; Kiribuchi-Otobe, C.; Yoshida, H.
An alanine to threonine change in the Wx-D1 protein reduces GBSS I activity in waxy mutant wheat
Euphytica
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2001
Triticum aestivum
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Wattebled, F.; Buleon, A.; Bouchet, B.; Ral, J.P.; Lienard, L.; Delvalle, D.; Binderup, K.; Dauvillee, D.; Ball, S.; D'Hulst, C.
Granule-bound starch synthase I. A major enzyme involved in the biogenesis of B-crystallites in starch granules
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Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (O64925)
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Murai, J.; Taira, T.; Ohta, D.
Isolation and characterization of the three Waxy genes encoding the granule-bound starch synthase in hexaploid wheat
Gene
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Triticum aestivum (Q9S7N5), Triticum aestivum (Q9SXK3), Triticum aestivum (Q9SXK4), Triticum aestivum
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Craig, J.; Lloyd, J.R.; Tomlinson, K.; Barber, L.; Edwards, A.; Wang, T.L.; Martin, C.; Hedley, C.L.; Smith, A.M.
Mutations in the gene encoding starch synthase II profoundly alter amylopectin structure in pea embryos
Plant Cell
10
413-426
1998
Pisum sativum
brenda
Tenorio, G.; Orea, A.; Romero, J.M.; Merida, A.
Oscillation of mRNA level and activity of granule-bound starch synthase I in Arabidopsis leaves during the day/night cycle
Plant Mol. Biol.
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Arabidopsis thaliana
brenda
Sivak, M.N.; Wagner, M.; Preiss, J.
Biochemical evidence for the role of the waxy protein from pea (Pisum sativum L.) as a granule-bound starch synthase
Plant Physiol.
103
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1993
Pisum sativum
brenda
Smith, A.M.
Evidence that the waxy protein of pea (Pisum sativum L.) is not the major starch-granule-bound starch synthase
Planta
182
599-604
1990
Pisum sativum
brenda
Fujita, N.; Taira, T.
A 56-kDa protein is a novel granule-bound starch synthase existing in the pericarps, aleurone layers, and embryos of immature seed in diploid wheat (Triticum monococcum L.)
Planta
207
125-132
1998
Triticum monococcum
brenda
Nyvall, P.; Pelloux, J.; Davies, H.V.; Pedersen, M.; Viola, R.
Purification and characterization of a novel starch synthase selective for uridine 5'-diphosphate glucose from the red alga Gracilaria tenuistipitata
Planta
209
143-152
1999
Agarophyton tenuistipitatum
brenda
Zea, C.J.; Pohl, N.L.
Unusual sugar nucleotide recognition elements of mesophilic vs. thermophilic glycogen synthases
Biopolymers
79
106-113
2005
Pyrococcus furiosus
brenda
Deschamps, P.; Haferkamp, I.; Dauvillee, D.; Haebel, S.; Steup, M.; Buleon, A.; Putaux, J.L.; Colleoni, C.; dHulst, C.; Plancke, C.; Gould, S.; Maier, U.; Neuhaus, H.E.; Ball, S.
Nature of the periplastidial pathway of starch synthesis in the cryptophyte Guillardia theta
Eukaryot. Cell
5
954-963
2006
Guillardia theta
brenda
Hanashiro, I.; Itoh, K.; Kuratomi, Y.; Yamazaki, M.; Igarashi, T.; Matsugasako, J.; Takeda, Y.
Granule-bound starch synthase I is responsible for biosynthesis of extra-long unit chains of amylopectin in rice
Plant Cell Physiol.
49
925-933
2008
Oryza sativa (B7EHV0)
brenda
Otani, M.; Hamada, T.; Katayama, K.; Kitahara, K.; Kim, S.H.; Takahata, Y.; Suganuma, T.; Shimada, T.
Inhibition of the gene expression for granule-bound starch synthase I by RNA interference in sweet potato plants
Plant Cell Rep.
26
1801-1807
2007
Ipomoea batatas (Q42857)
brenda
Kosar-Hashemi, B.; Li, Z.; Larroque, O.; Regina, A.; Yamamori, M.; Morell, M.K.; Rahman, S.
Multiple effects of the starch synthase II mutation in developing wheat endosperm
Funct. Plant Biol.
34
431-438
2007
Triticum aestivum
brenda
Zhao, H.; Dai, T.; Jiang, D.; Cao, W.
Effects of high temperature on key enzymes involved in starch and protein formation in grains of two wheat cultivars
J. Agron. Crop Sci.
194
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2008
Triticum aestivum
brenda
Giersch, T.M.; Wu, M.; Duncan, L.; Zhao, X.; Chin, J.
Detection of mutations in the 7A allele of wheat (Triticum aestivum) granule-bound starch synthase (Wx-7A) with a monoclonal antibody produced by targeted peptide immunisation
J. Cereal Sci.
45
162-171
2007
Triticum aestivum
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brenda
Kimura, T.; Saito, A.
Heterogeneity of poly(A) sites in the granule-bound starch synthase I gene in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.)
Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem.
74
667-669
2010
Ipomoea batatas (Q42857), Ipomoea batatas
brenda
Yamamori, M.
Amylose content and starch properties generated by five variant Wx alleles for granule-bound starch synthase in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Euphytica
165
607-614
2009
Triticum aestivum
brenda
Ko, Y.; Dong, Y.; Hsieh, Y.; Kuo, J.
Morphology, associated protein analysis, and identification of 58-kDa starch synthase in mungbean (Vigna radiata L cv. KPS1) starch granule preparations
J. Agric. Food Chem.
57
4426-4432
2009
Vigna radiata
brenda
Dai, Z.; Yin, Y.; Wang, Z.
Activities of key enzymes involved in starch synthesis in grains of wheat under different irrigation patterns
J. Agric. Sci.
147
437-444
2009
Triticum aestivum
brenda
Grimaud, F.; Rogniaux, H.; James, M.G.; Myers, A.M.; Planchot, V.
Proteome and phosphoproteome analysis of starch granule-associated proteins from normal maize and mutants affected in starch biosynthesis
J. Exp. Bot.
59
3395-3406
2008
Zea mays (P04713)
brenda
Dai, Z.
Activities of enzymes involved in starch synthesis in grains of large and small kernel type wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
J. Food Agric. Environ.
7
493-495
2009
Triticum aestivum
-
brenda
Sattler, S.; Singh, J.; Haas, E.; Guo, L.; Sarath, G.; Pedersen, J.
Two distinct waxy alleles impact the granule-bound starch synthase in sorghum
Mol. Breed.
24
349-359
2009
Sorghum bicolor (Q43134)
brenda
Muth, J.; Hartje, S.; Twyman, R.M.; Hofferbert, H.R.; Tacke, E.; Pruefer, D.
Precision breeding for novel starch variants in potato
Plant Biotechnol. J.
6
576-584
2008
Solanum tuberosum (Q00775), Solanum tuberosum
brenda
Caballero, L.; Bancel, E.; Debiton, C.; Branlard, G.
Granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS) diversity of ancient wheat and related species
Plant Breed.
127
548-553
2008
Triticum dicoccum, Triticum turgidum subsp. durum, Triticum monococcum, Triticum turgidum, Aegilops tauschii, Aegilops searsii, Aegilops speltoides, Aegilops longissima, Triticum urartu, Triticum spelta, Aegilops ventricosa, Aegilops crassa
brenda
Liu, L.; Ma, X.; Liu, S.; Zhu, C.; Jiang, L.; Wang, Y.; Shen, Y.; Ren, Y.; Dong, H.; Chen, L.; Liu, X.; Zhao, Z.; Zhai, H.; Wan, J.
Identification and characterization of a novel Waxy allele from a Yunnan rice landrace
Plant Mol. Biol.
71
609-626
2009
Oryza sativa
brenda
Dai, Z.
Activities of enzymes involved in starch synthesis in wheat grains differing in starch content
Russ. J. Plant Physiol.
57
74-78
2010
Triticum aestivum
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brenda
Lue, B.; Guo, Z.; Liang, J.
Effects of the activities of key enzymes involved in starch biosynthesis on the fine structure of amylopectin in developing rice (Oryza sativa L.) endosperms
Sci. China C Life Sci.
51
863-871
2008
Oryza sativa
brenda
Bao, J.; Xiao, P.; Hiratsuka, M.; Sun, M.; Umemoto, T.
Granule-bound SSIIa protein content and its relationship with amylopectin structure and gelatinization temperature of rice starch
Starch Staerke
61
431-437
2009
Oryza sativa
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brenda
Szydlowski, N.; Ragel, P.; Hennen-Bierwagen, T.A.; Planchot, V.; Myers, A.M.; Merida, A.; dHulst, C.; Wattebled, F.
Integrated functions among multiple starch synthases determine both amylopectin chain length and branch linkage location in Arabidopsis leaf starch
J. Exp. Bot.
62
4547-4559
2011
Arabidopsis thaliana
brenda
Momma, M.; Fujimoto, Z.
Interdomain disulfide bridge in the rice granule bound starch synthase I catalytic domain as elucidated by X-ray structure analysis
Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem.
76
1591-1595
2012
Oryza sativa (B7EHV0), Oryza sativa
brenda
Shimbata, T.; Inokuma, T.; Sunohara, A.; Vrinten, P.; Saito, M.; Takiya, T.; Nakamura, T.
High levels of sugars and fructan in mature seed of sweet wheat lacking GBSSI and SSIIa enzymes
J. Agric. Food Chem.
59
4794-4800
2011
Triticum aestivum
brenda
Butardo, V.M.; Daygon, V.D.; Colgrave, M.L.; Campbell, P.M.; Resurreccion, A.; Cuevas, R.P.; Jobling, S.A.; Tetlow, I.; Rahman, S.; Morell, M.; Fitzgerald, M.
Biomolecular analyses of starch and starch granule proteins in the high-amylose rice mutant Goami 2
J. Agric. Food Chem.
60
11576-11585
2012
Oryza sativa, Oryza sativa Japonica, Oryza sativa indica
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Li, C.Y.; Li, W.H.; Li, C.; Gaudet, D.A.; Laroche, A.; Cao, L.P.; Lu, Z.X.
Starch synthesis and programmed cell death during endosperm development in triticale (x Triticosecale Wittmack)
J. Integr. Plant Biol.
52
602-615
2010
x Triticosecale
brenda
Lu, Y.; Li, L.; Zhou, Y.; Gao, Q.; Liang, G.; Chen, X.; Qi, X.
Cloning and characterization of the Wx gene encoding a granule-bound starch synthase in lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn)
Plant Mol. Biol. Rep.
30
1210-1217
2012
Nelumbo nucifera (B5THH5), Nelumbo nucifera (C0KH22)
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brenda
Cheng, J.; Khan, M.A.; Qiu, W.M.; Li, J.; Zhou, H.; Zhang, Q.; Guo, W.; Zhu, T.; Peng, J.; Sun, F.; Li, S.; Korban, S.S.; Han, Y.
Diversification of genes encoding granule-bound starch synthase in monocots and dicots is marked by multiple genome-wide duplication events
PLoS ONE
7
e30088
2012
Malus domestica, Malus domestica (B2LUN5), Malus domestica (B2LUN6), Malus domestica (G9FPD1), Citrus sinensis (H6VVJ0), Citrus sinensis (H6VVJ1), Prunus persica (H6VVJ2), Prunus persica (H6VVJ3), Prunus persica, Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9MAQ0)
brenda
Hoai, T.T.; Matsusaka, H.; Toyosawa, Y.; Suu, T.D.; Satoh, H.; Kumamaru, T.
Influence of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the gene encoding granule-bound starch synthase I on amylose content in Vietnamese rice cultivars
Breed. Sci.
64
142-148
2014
Oryza sativa, Oryza sativa (P0C585)
brenda
Ahuja, G.; Jaiswal, S.; Hucl, P.; Chibbar, R.N.
Wheat genome specific granule-bound starch synthase I differentially influence grain starch synthesis
Carbohydr. Polym.
114
87-94
2014
Triticum aestivum
brenda
Ahuja, G.; Jaiswal, S.; Hucl, P.; Chibbar, R.N.
Genome-specific granule-bound starch synthase I (GBSSI) influences starch biochemical and functional characteristics in near-isogenic wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) lines
J. Agric. Food Chem.
61
12129-12138
2013
Triticum aestivum (P27736)
brenda
Krishnan, H.B.; Chen, M.H.
Identification of an abundant 56 kDa protein implicated in food allergy as granule-bound starch synthase
J. Agric. Food Chem.
61
5404-5409
2013
Oryza sativa
brenda
Suzuki, Y.; Arae, T.; Green, P.J.; Yamaguchi, J.; Chiba, Y.
AtCCR4a and AtCCR4b are involved in determining the poly(A) length of granule-bound starch synthase 1 transcript and modulating sucrose and starch metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana
Plant Cell Physiol.
56
863-874
2015
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9MAQ0), Arabidopsis thaliana, Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 (Q9MAQ0)
brenda
Bischof, S.; Umhang, M.; Eicke, S.; Streb, S.; Qi, W.; Zeeman, S.C.
Cecropia peltata accumulates starch or soluble glycogen by differentially regulating starch biosynthetic genes
Plant Cell
25
1400-1415
2013
Cecropia peltata
brenda
Brown, D.; Cepeda-Cornejo, V.; Maughan, P.; Jellen, E.
Characterization of the granule-bound starch synthase I gene in Chenopodium
Plant Genome
8
1-12
2015
Chenopodium quinoa, Chenopodium
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brenda
Gu, C.; Wang, L.; Zhang, L.; Liu, Y.; Yang, M.; Yuan, Z.; Li, S.; Han, Y.
Characterization of genes encoding granule-bound starch synthase in sacred lotus reveals phylogenetic affinity of Nelumbo to proteales
Plant Mol. Biol. Rep.
31
1157-1165
2013
Nelumbo nucifera (C0KH22)
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brenda
Liu, D.R.; Huang, W.X.; Cai, X.L.
Oligomerization of rice granule-bound starch synthase 1 modulates its activity regulation
Plant Sci.
210
141-150
2013
Oryza sativa, Oryza sativa Zh11
brenda
Seung, D.; Soyk, S.; Coiro, M.; Maier, B.A.; Eicke, S.; Zeeman, S.C.
PROTEIN TARGETING TO STARCH is required for localising GRANULE-BOUND STARCH SYNTHASE to starch granules and for normal amylose synthesis in Arabidopsis
PLoS Biol.
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e1002080
2015
Arabidopsis thaliana, Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9MAQ0)
brenda
Miao, H.; Sun, P.; Liu, W.; Xu, B.; Jin, Z.
Identification of genes encoding granule-bound starch synthase involved in amylose metabolism in banana fruit
PLoS ONE
9
e88077
2014
Musa acuminata (V5LF98), Musa acuminata (V5LFB5), Musa acuminata (V5LFK9), Musa acuminata (V5LFU5), Musa acuminata (V5LG14), Musa acuminata (V5LGT3)
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Ramachandran, A.; Hucl, P.; Briggs, C.
Functional characteristics of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) near-isogenic lines differing at the Waxy (Wx) locus
Cereal Chem.
93
77-85
2016
Triticum aestivum (P27736)
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brenda
Cepeda-Cornejo, V.; Brown, D.; Palomino, G.; De La Cruz, E.; Fogarty, M.; Maughan, P.; Jellen, E.
Genetic variation of the granule-bound starch synthase I (GBSSI) genes in waxy and non-waxy accessions of Chenopodium berlandieri ssp. nuttalliae from Central Mexico
Plant Genet. Resour.
14
57-66
2016
Chenopodium berlandieri subsp. nuttalliae, Chenopodium berlandieri subsp. nuttalliae (A0A0M4AVC0)
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brenda