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Information on EC 2.4.1.186 - glycogenin glucosyltransferase
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EC Tree
2.4.1.186 glycogenin glucosyltransferaseIUBMB Comments
The first reaction of this enzyme is to catalyse its own glucosylation, normally at Tyr-194 of the protein if this group is free. When Tyr-194 is replaced by Thr or Phe, the enzyme's Mn2+-dependent self-glucosylation activity is lost but its intermolecular transglucosylation ability remains . It continues to glucosylate an existing glucosyl group until a length of about 5--13 residues has been formed. Further lengthening of the glycogen chain is then carried out by EC 2.4.1.11, glycogen (starch) synthase. The enzyme is not highly specific for the donor, using UDP-xylose in addition to UDP-glucose (although not glucosylating or xylosylating a xylosyl group so added). It can also use CDP-glucose and TDP-glucose, but not ADP-glucose or GDP-glucose. Similarly it is not highly specific for the acceptor, using water (i.e. hydrolysing UDP-glucose) among others. Various forms of the enzyme exist, and different forms predominate in different organs. Thus primate liver contains glycogenin-2, of molecular mass 66 kDa, whereas the more widespread form is glycogenin-1, with a molecular mass of 38 kDa.
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Word Map
- 2.4.1.186
-
self-glucosylating
-
glucosylation
-
autoglucosylation
-
polyglucosan
-
proteoglycogen
-
macroglycogen
- maltosaccharide
-
transglucosylation
- analysis
- synthesis
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Eukaryota, Bacteria
Synonyms
glycogenin, glycogenin-1, glycogenin-2, priming glucosyltransferase, glycogenin 1, glycogenin 2, m-glycogenin, glycogenin glucosyltransferase, proglycogen synthase, udp-glucose protein transglucosylase, 
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SYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
EC 2.4.1.112
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-
formerly
-
glucosyltransferase, uridine diphosphoglucose-protein
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-
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-
glucosyltransferase, uridine diphosphoglucose-protein 4-alpha-
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glycogen initiator synthase
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glycogenin
glycogenin-1
glycogenin-2
glyogenin
-
-
-
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GN-1
GN1
GNN
GYG1
M-glycogenin
priming glucosyltransferase
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proglycogen synthase
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UDP-glucose protein transglucosylase
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UDP-glucose-protein glucosyltransferase
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-
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UDP-glucose:protein glucosyltransferase
-
-
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UDPGlc:protein transglucosylase
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UPTG
-
-
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uridine diphosphate glucose-protein transglucosylase I
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-
-
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uridine diphosphoglucose protein transglucosylase I
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-
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-
uridine diphosphoglucose-protein 4-alpha-glucosyltransferase
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uridine diphosphoglucose-protein glucosyltransferase
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-
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
UDP-alpha-D-glucose + glycogenin = UDP + alpha-D-glucosylglycogenin
The glycogenin subunit of glycogen synthase (EC 2.4.1.11, glycogen(starch) synthase) catalyses this reaction, i.e. the enzyme catalyses its own autoglycosylation. Five molecules of glucose can be transferred to one molecule of glycogenin. The product acts as a primer for the reaction catalysed by glycogen synthase.
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-
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UDP-alpha-D-glucose + glycogenin = UDP + alpha-D-glucosylglycogenin
independent active sites for glucosylation of exogenous and self-acceptors
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UDP-alpha-D-glucose + glycogenin = UDP + alpha-D-glucosylglycogenin
initiation of glycogen biosynthesis is a 2-step mechanism, requiring first the covalent attachment of a glucose residue to Tyr-194 of glycogenin and then elongation to form an oligosaccharide chain
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UDP-alpha-D-glucose + glycogenin = UDP + alpha-D-glucosylglycogenin
highly conserved protein
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UDP-alpha-D-glucose + glycogenin = UDP + alpha-D-glucosylglycogenin
highly conserved protein
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UDP-alpha-D-glucose + glycogenin = UDP + alpha-D-glucosylglycogenin
highly conserved protein
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UDP-alpha-D-glucose + glycogenin = UDP + alpha-D-glucosylglycogenin
highly conserved protein
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UDP-alpha-D-glucose + glycogenin = UDP + alpha-D-glucosylglycogenin
highly conserved protein
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UDP-alpha-D-glucose + glycogenin = UDP + alpha-D-glucosylglycogenin
stereochemistry and mechanism
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UDP-alpha-D-glucose + glycogenin = UDP + alpha-D-glucosylglycogenin
stereochemistry and mechanism
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UDP-alpha-D-glucose + glycogenin = UDP + alpha-D-glucosylglycogenin
stereochemistry and mechanism
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UDP-alpha-D-glucose + glycogenin = UDP + alpha-D-glucosylglycogenin
conformational plasticity of glycogenin and coexistence of two modes of glucosylation as integral to its catalytic mechanism, possible SNi-like mechanism for glucosyl-transfer, overview
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
hexosyl group transfer
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-
-
-
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
UDP-alpha-D-glucose:glycogenin alpha-D-glucosyltransferase
The first reaction of this enzyme is to catalyse its own glucosylation, normally at Tyr-194 of the protein if this group is free. When Tyr-194 is replaced by Thr or Phe, the enzyme's Mn2+-dependent self-glucosylation activity is lost but its intermolecular transglucosylation ability remains [7]. It continues to glucosylate an existing glucosyl group until a length of about 5--13 residues has been formed. Further lengthening of the glycogen chain is then carried out by EC 2.4.1.11, glycogen (starch) synthase. The enzyme is not highly specific for the donor, using UDP-xylose in addition to UDP-glucose (although not glucosylating or xylosylating a xylosyl group so added). It can also use CDP-glucose and TDP-glucose, but not ADP-glucose or GDP-glucose. Similarly it is not highly specific for the acceptor, using water (i.e. hydrolysing UDP-glucose) among others. Various forms of the enzyme exist, and different forms predominate in different organs. Thus primate liver contains glycogenin-2, of molecular mass 66 kDa, whereas the more widespread form is glycogenin-1, with a molecular mass of 38 kDa.
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
117590-73-5
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
CDP-glucose + glycogenin
CDP + glucosylated glycogenin
-
recombinant enzyme expressed in E. coli, 71% activity compared to UDP-glucose
-
?
CDP-glucose + p-nitrophenyl-alpha-maltoside
CDP + ?
-
recombinant enzyme expressed in E. coli
-
-
?
TDP-glucose + glycogenin
TDP + glucosylated glycogenin
-
recombinant enzyme expressed in E. coli, 33% activity compared to UDP-glucose
-
?
TDP-glucose + p-nitrophenyl-alpha-maltoside
TDP + ?
-
recombinant enzyme expressed in E. coli
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-glucose + glycogenin-2
UDP + alpha-D-glucosylglycogenin-2
self-glucosylation of the glycosyltransferase glycogenin-2
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + glycogenin
UDP + galactosylated glycogenin
-
autoglycosylation reaction
-
?
UDP-glucose + maltose
UDP + maltotriose
trans-glucosylation. 93% of the transferred glucose molecules appears in maltotriose, 6% are attached to glycogenin, and 1% is liberated as free glucose
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-
?
UDP-glucose + N-(maltosyl-alpha-1,4-(1-deoxyglucitol))-peptide
UDP + glucosylated N-(maltosyl-alpha-1,4-(1-deoxyglucitol))-peptide
UDP-xylose + n-dodecyl-beta-D-maltoside
?
-
transglucosylation reaction
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-glucose + glycogenin
UDP + alpha-D-glucosylglycogenin
-
self-glucosylation of the glycosyltransferase glycogenin
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-
?
UDP-alpha-D-glucose + glycogenin
UDP + alpha-D-glucosylglycogenin
-
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-glucose + glycogenin
UDP + alpha-D-glucosylglycogenin
-
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-glucose + glycogenin
UDP + alpha-D-glucosylglycogenin
-
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-glucose + glycogenin
UDP + alpha-D-glucosylglycogenin
-
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-glucose + glycogenin
UDP + alpha-D-glucosylglycogenin
-
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-glucose + glycogenin
UDP + alpha-D-glucosylglycogenin
-
autoglucosylation by glycogenin-1
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-
?
UDP-alpha-D-glucose + glycogenin
UDP + alpha-D-glucosylglycogenin
autoglucosylation by glycogenin-1
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-
?
UDP-alpha-D-glucose + glycogenin
UDP + alpha-D-glucosylglycogenin
-
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-glucose + glycogenin
UDP + alpha-D-glucosylglycogenin
autoglucosylation by glycogenin-1
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-glucose + glycogenin-1
UDP + alpha-D-glucosylglycogenin-1
self-glucosylation of the glycosyltransferase glycogenin-1
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-
?
UDP-alpha-D-glucose + glycogenin-1
UDP + alpha-D-glucosylglycogenin-1
self-glucosylation of the glycosyltransferase glycogenin-1
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-
?
UDP-glucose + glycogenin
UDP + glucosylated glycogenin
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autoglycosylation reaction
-
?
UDP-glucose + glycogenin
UDP + glucosylated glycogenin
-
autoglycosylation reaction
forms glucosyl-alpha1,4-glucosyl linkage
?
UDP-glucose + glycogenin
UDP + glucosylated glycogenin
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enzyme forms the protein part of proteoglycogen
forms glucosyl-alpha1,4-glucosyl linkage
?
UDP-glucose + glycogenin
UDP + glucosylated glycogenin
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autoglycosylation reaction
forms glucosyl-alpha1,4-glucosyl linkage
?
UDP-glucose + glycogenin
UDP + glucosylated glycogenin
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enzyme forms the protein part of proteoglycogen
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-
?
UDP-glucose + glycogenin
UDP + glucosylated glycogenin
-
enzyme forms the protein part of proteoglycogen
forms glucosyl-alpha1,4-glucosyl linkage
?
UDP-glucose + glycogenin
UDP + glucosylated glycogenin
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autoglycosylation reaction
forms glucosyl-alpha1,4-glucosyl linkage
?
UDP-glucose + glycogenin
UDP + glucosylated glycogenin
-
enzyme forms the protein part of proteoglycogen
forms glucosyl-alpha1,4-glucosyl linkage
?
UDP-glucose + glycogenin
UDP + glucosylated glycogenin
essential for the formation of glycogen granules, binds a chain of 5-13 glucose molecules at a specific tyrosine residue (Y194) by autoglycosylation
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-
?
UDP-glucose + glycogenin
UDP + glucosylated glycogenin
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autoglycosylation reaction
forms glucosyl-alpha1,4-glucosyl linkage
?
UDP-glucose + glycogenin
UDP + glucosylated glycogenin
-
enzyme forms the protein part of proteoglycogen
forms glucosyl-alpha1,4-glucosyl linkage
?
UDP-glucose + glycogenin
UDP + glucosylated glycogenin
-
autoglycosylation reaction
forms glucosyl-alpha1,4-glucosyl linkage
?
UDP-glucose + glycogenin
UDP + glucosylated glycogenin
-
enzyme forms the protein part of proteoglycogen
-
-
?
UDP-glucose + glycogenin
UDP + glucosylated glycogenin
-
enzyme forms the protein part of proteoglycogen
forms glucosyl-alpha1,4-glucosyl linkage
?
UDP-glucose + glycogenin
UDP + glucosylated glycogenin
-
UDP-glucose can not be replaced by ADP- or GDP-glucose
forms glucosyl-alpha1,4-glucosyl linkage
?
UDP-glucose + glycogenin
UDP + glucosylated glycogenin
-
autoglycosylation reaction
-
?
UDP-glucose + glycogenin
UDP + glucosylated glycogenin
-
autoglycosylation reaction
-
?
UDP-glucose + glycogenin
UDP + glucosylated glycogenin
-
autoglycosylation reaction
glucose molecule is attached to Tyr-194
?
UDP-glucose + glycogenin
UDP + glucosylated glycogenin
-
autoglycosylation reaction
forms glucosyl-alpha1,4-glucosyl linkage
?
UDP-glucose + glycogenin
UDP + glucosylated glycogenin
-
autoglycosylation reaction
glucosylation reaches a plateau, when 5 additional glucose residues have been added to glycogenin, i.e. primed glycogenin
?
UDP-glucose + glycogenin
UDP + glucosylated glycogenin
-
i.e. unprimed glycogenin
glucosylation reaches a plateau, when 5 additional glucose residues have been added to glycogenin, i.e. primed glycogenin
?
UDP-glucose + glycogenin
UDP + glucosylated glycogenin
-
enzyme forms the protein part of proteoglycogen
-
-
?
UDP-glucose + glycogenin
UDP + glucosylated glycogenin
-
enzyme forms the protein part of proteoglycogen
-
?
UDP-glucose + glycogenin
UDP + glucosylated glycogenin
-
enzyme forms the protein part of proteoglycogen
forms glucosyl-alpha1,4-glucosyl linkage
?
UDP-glucose + glycogenin
UDP + glucosylated glycogenin
-
no activity with UDP-N-acetylglucosamine and GDP-mannose
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?
UDP-glucose + glycogenin
UDP + glucosylated glycogenin
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regulation
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-
?
UDP-glucose + glycogenin
UDP + glucosylated glycogenin
-
the glycogenin subunit of glycogen synthase, EC 2.4.1.11, catalyzes this reaction, i.e. the enzyme catalyzes its own glucosylation
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-
?
UDP-glucose + glycogenin
UDP + glucosylated glycogenin
essential for the formation of glycogen granules, binds a chain of 5-13 glucose molecules at a specific tyrosine residue by autoglycosylation, catalyzes two chemically different autoglucosylation reactions, the glucosylation of a tyrosine hydroxyl group and the formation of alpha-1,4 glucosidic linkages by subsequent glucosylations
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-
?
UDP-glucose + glycogenin
UDP + glucosylated glycogenin
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autoglucosylation
-
-
?
UDP-glucose + glycogenin
UDP + glucosylated glycogenin
-
autoglycosylation reaction
-
?
UDP-glucose + glycogenin
UDP + glucosylated glycogenin
-
autoglycosylation reaction
forms glucosyl-alpha1,4-glucosyl linkage
?
UDP-glucose + glycogenin
UDP + glucosylated glycogenin
-
one attached glucose molecule is needed for intramolecular self-glucosylation
forms glucosyl-alpha1,4-glucosyl linkage
?
UDP-glucose + glycogenin
UDP + glucosylated glycogenin
-
enzyme forms the protein part of proteoglycogen
-
-
?
UDP-glucose + glycogenin
UDP + glucosylated glycogenin
-
enzyme forms the protein part of proteoglycogen
forms glucosyl-alpha1,4-glucosyl linkage
?
UDP-glucose + glycogenin
UDP + glucosylated glycogenin
-
no activity with CDP-glucose
forms glucosyl-alpha1,4-glucosyl linkage
?
UDP-glucose + glycogenin
UDP + glucosylated glycogenin
-
UDP-glucose can not be replaced by ADP- or GDP-glucose
forms glucosyl-alpha1,4-glucosyl linkage
?
UDP-glucose + glycogenin
UDP + glucosylated glycogenin
-
the glycogenin subunit of glycogen synthase, EC 2.4.1.11, catalyzes this reaction, i.e. the enzyme catalyzes its own glucosylation
-
-
?
UDP-glucose + glycogenin
UDP + glucosylglycogenin
-
increases in glycogenin and glycogenin mRNA accompany glycogen resynthesis in human skeletal muscle. Glycogenin is a self-glycosylating protein primer that initiates glycogen granule formation
-
-
?
UDP-glucose + glycogenin
UDP + glucosylglycogenin
self-glucosylating initiator of glycogen synthesis
-
-
?
UDP-glucose + glycogenin
UDP + glucosylglycogenin
self-glucosylation
-
-
?
UDP-glucose + N-(maltosyl-alpha-1,4-(1-deoxyglucitol))-peptide
UDP + glucosylated N-(maltosyl-alpha-1,4-(1-deoxyglucitol))-peptide
-
simultaneously and independently of the autoglycosylation reaction
-
-
?
UDP-glucose + N-(maltosyl-alpha-1,4-(1-deoxyglucitol))-peptide
UDP + glucosylated N-(maltosyl-alpha-1,4-(1-deoxyglucitol))-peptide
-
peptide sequence: SISIYSYLP
-
-
?
UDP-glucose + n-dodecyl-beta-D-maltoside
UDP + n-dodecyl-beta-D-maltotriose
-
hydrophobic nature of the aglycon is required for binding to the active site
-
-
?
UDP-glucose + n-dodecyl-beta-D-maltoside
UDP + n-dodecyl-beta-D-maltotriose
-
renal enzyme
-
-
?
UDP-glucose + n-dodecyl-beta-D-maltoside
UDP + n-dodecyl-beta-D-maltotriose
-
transglucosylation reaction
-
-
?
UDP-glucose + n-dodecyl-beta-D-maltoside
UDP + n-dodecyl-beta-D-maltotriose
-
transglucosylation reaction
-
-
?
UDP-glucose + n-dodecyl-beta-D-maltoside
UDP + n-dodecyl-beta-D-maltotriose
-
simultaneously and independently of the autoglycosylation reaction
-
-
?
UDP-glucose + n-dodecyl-beta-D-maltoside
UDP + n-dodecyl-beta-D-maltotriose
-
transglucosylation reaction
-
?
UDP-glucose + n-dodecyl-beta-D-maltoside
UDP + n-dodecyl-beta-D-maltotriose
-
simultaneously and independently of the autoglycosylation reaction
-
?
UDP-glucose + n-dodecyl-beta-D-maltoside
UDP + n-dodecyl-beta-D-maltotriose
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-glucose + n-dodecyl-beta-D-maltoside
UDP + n-dodecyl-beta-D-maltotriose
-
simultaneously and independently of the autoglycosylation reaction
-
-
?
UDP-glucose + n-dodecyl-beta-D-maltoside
UDP + n-dodecyl-beta-D-maltotriose
-
hydrophobic nature of the aglycon is required for binding to the active site
-
-
?
UDP-glucose + n-dodecyl-beta-D-maltoside
UDP + n-dodecyl-beta-D-maltotriose
-
transglucosylation reaction
-
-
?
UDP-glucose + n-octyl-alpha-D-maltoside
?
-
hydrophobic nature of the aglycon is required for binding to the active site
-
-
?
UDP-glucose + n-octyl-alpha-D-maltoside
?
-
hydrophobic nature of the aglycon is required for binding to the active site
-
-
?
UDP-glucose + n-octyl-alpha-D-maltoside
?
-
transglucosylation reaction
-
-
?
UDP-glucose + n-octyl-beta-D-maltoside
?
-
hydrophobic nature of the aglycon is required for binding to the active site
-
-
?
UDP-glucose + n-octyl-beta-D-maltoside
?
-
hydrophobic nature of the aglycon is required for binding to the active site
-
-
?
UDP-glucose + n-octyl-beta-D-maltoside
?
-
transglucosylation reaction
-
-
?
UDP-glucose + n-tetradecyl-beta-D-maltoside
?
-
hydrophobic nature of the aglycon is required for binding to the active site
-
-
?
UDP-glucose + n-tetradecyl-beta-D-maltoside
?
-
hydrophobic nature of the aglycon is required for binding to the active site
-
-
?
UDP-glucose + n-tetradecyl-beta-D-maltoside
?
-
transglucosylation reaction
-
-
?
UDP-xylose + glycogenin
UDP + xylosylated glycogenin
-
autoglycosylation reaction
-
?
UDP-xylose + glycogenin
UDP + xylosylated glycogenin
-
autoglycosylation reaction
-
?
UDP-xylose + glycogenin
UDP + xylosylated glycogenin
-
autoglycosylation reaction
-
?
UDP-xylose + glycogenin
UDP + xylosylated glycogenin
-
renal and skeletal muscle glycogenin, lower activity compared to UDP-glucose
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
glycogenin-1 catalyzes both the glucose-O-tyrosine linkage and the alpha1,4 glucosidic bonds linking the glucose molecules in the oligosaccharide
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
human glycogenin during its reaction cycle shows a dynamic conformational switch between ground and active states mediated by the sugar donor UDP-glucose. This switch includes the ordering of a polypeptide stretch containing Tyr195, and major movement of an approximately 30-residue lid segment covering the active site. The rearranged lid guides the nascent maltosaccharide chain into the active site in either an intra- or intersubunit mode dependent upon chain length and steric factors and positions the donor and acceptor sugar groups for catalysis. Mapping of donor and acceptor subsites in hGYG1, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
human glycogenin during its reaction cycle shows a dynamic conformational switch between ground and active states mediated by the sugar donor UDP-glucose. This switch includes the ordering of a polypeptide stretch containing Tyr195, and major movement of an approximately 30-residue lid segment covering the active site. The rearranged lid guides the nascent maltosaccharide chain into the active site in either an intra- or intersubunit mode dependent upon chain length and steric factors and positions the donor and acceptor sugar groups for catalysis. Mapping of donor and acceptor subsites in hGYG1, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
glycosylated HLPFIYNLSSNTMYTYSPAFK peptide products originating from glycogenin-2, mass spectrometric analysis, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
glycosylated HLPFIYNLSSNTMYTYSPAFK peptide products originating from glycogenin-2, mass spectrometric analysis, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no activity with nonapeptide SISIYSYLP and N-lactosylated peptide
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
OsGGT-gene expression increases in FR13A (a submergence-tolerant cultivar, Indica) during submergence but decreases in IR42 (submergence-intolerant cultivar, Indica). The expression of the OsGGT gene in FR13A is induced by salicylic acid and benzyladenine. The accumulation of OsGGT mRNA in FR13A also increases in response to ethylene, gibberellin, abscisic acid, drought and salt treatment, but methyl jasmonate treatment and cold stress have no effect on expression. OsGGT gene can be related to submergence stress and associated with a general defensive response to various environmental stresses
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
OsGGT-gene expression increases in FR13A (a submergence-tolerant cultivar, Indica) during submergence but decreases in IR42 (submergence-intolerant cultivar, Indica). The expression of the OsGGT gene in FR13A is induced by salicylic acid and benzyladenine. The accumulation of OsGGT mRNA in FR13A also increases in response to ethylene, gibberellin, abscisic acid, drought and salt treatment, but methyl jasmonate treatment and cold stress have no effect on expression. OsGGT gene can be related to submergence stress and associated with a general defensive response to various environmental stresses
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-glucose + glycogenin
additional information
-
-
-
after 60 min of incubation the glycogenin molecules possess an average glucosyl chain length of 11.3 residues
-
?
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NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
UDP-alpha-D-glucose + glycogenin-1
UDP + alpha-D-glucosylglycogenin-1
self-glucosylation of the glycosyltransferase glycogenin-1
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-glucose + glycogenin-2
UDP + alpha-D-glucosylglycogenin-2
self-glucosylation of the glycosyltransferase glycogenin-2
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-glucose + glycogenin
UDP + alpha-D-glucosylglycogenin
-
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-glucose + glycogenin
UDP + alpha-D-glucosylglycogenin
-
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-glucose + glycogenin
UDP + alpha-D-glucosylglycogenin
-
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-glucose + glycogenin
UDP + alpha-D-glucosylglycogenin
-
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-glucose + glycogenin
UDP + alpha-D-glucosylglycogenin
-
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-glucose + glycogenin
UDP + alpha-D-glucosylglycogenin
-
autoglucosylation by glycogenin-1
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-glucose + glycogenin
UDP + alpha-D-glucosylglycogenin
autoglucosylation by glycogenin-1
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-glucose + glycogenin
UDP + alpha-D-glucosylglycogenin
-
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-glucose + glycogenin
UDP + alpha-D-glucosylglycogenin
autoglucosylation by glycogenin-1
-
-
?
UDP-glucose + glycogenin
UDP + glucosylated glycogenin
-
enzyme forms the protein part of proteoglycogen
-
-
?
UDP-glucose + glycogenin
UDP + glucosylated glycogenin
essential for the formation of glycogen granules, binds a chain of 5-13 glucose molecules at a specific tyrosine residue (Y194) by autoglycosylation
-
-
?
UDP-glucose + glycogenin
UDP + glucosylated glycogenin
-
enzyme forms the protein part of proteoglycogen
-
-
?
UDP-glucose + glycogenin
UDP + glucosylated glycogenin
-
enzyme forms the protein part of proteoglycogen
-
-
?
UDP-glucose + glycogenin
UDP + glucosylated glycogenin
-
regulation
-
-
?
UDP-glucose + glycogenin
UDP + glucosylated glycogenin
-
the glycogenin subunit of glycogen synthase, EC 2.4.1.11, catalyzes this reaction, i.e. the enzyme catalyzes its own glucosylation
-
-
?
UDP-glucose + glycogenin
UDP + glucosylated glycogenin
essential for the formation of glycogen granules, binds a chain of 5-13 glucose molecules at a specific tyrosine residue by autoglycosylation, catalyzes two chemically different autoglucosylation reactions, the glucosylation of a tyrosine hydroxyl group and the formation of alpha-1,4 glucosidic linkages by subsequent glucosylations
-
-
?
UDP-glucose + glycogenin
UDP + glucosylated glycogenin
-
enzyme forms the protein part of proteoglycogen
-
-
?
UDP-glucose + glycogenin
UDP + glucosylated glycogenin
-
the glycogenin subunit of glycogen synthase, EC 2.4.1.11, catalyzes this reaction, i.e. the enzyme catalyzes its own glucosylation
-
-
?
UDP-glucose + glycogenin
UDP + glucosylglycogenin
-
increases in glycogenin and glycogenin mRNA accompany glycogen resynthesis in human skeletal muscle. Glycogenin is a self-glycosylating protein primer that initiates glycogen granule formation
-
-
?
UDP-glucose + glycogenin
UDP + glucosylglycogenin
self-glucosylating initiator of glycogen synthesis
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
OsGGT-gene expression increases in FR13A (a submergence-tolerant cultivar, Indica) during submergence but decreases in IR42 (submergence-intolerant cultivar, Indica). The expression of the OsGGT gene in FR13A is induced by salicylic acid and benzyladenine. The accumulation of OsGGT mRNA in FR13A also increases in response to ethylene, gibberellin, abscisic acid, drought and salt treatment, but methyl jasmonate treatment and cold stress have no effect on expression. OsGGT gene can be related to submergence stress and associated with a general defensive response to various environmental stresses
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
OsGGT-gene expression increases in FR13A (a submergence-tolerant cultivar, Indica) during submergence but decreases in IR42 (submergence-intolerant cultivar, Indica). The expression of the OsGGT gene in FR13A is induced by salicylic acid and benzyladenine. The accumulation of OsGGT mRNA in FR13A also increases in response to ethylene, gibberellin, abscisic acid, drought and salt treatment, but methyl jasmonate treatment and cold stress have no effect on expression. OsGGT gene can be related to submergence stress and associated with a general defensive response to various environmental stresses
-
-
?
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METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
Mg2+
Mn2+
Mn2+
-
absolutely dependent on divalent cations, Mn2+ can be replaced by Mg2+ with less effectivity
Mn2+
-
enhances self-glucosylation activity and trans-glucosylation activity
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INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
ADP
-
skeletal muscle enzyme, allosteric inhibition of autoglucosylation
UDP-xylose
-
competitive inhibitor to glucosylation of glycogenin by UDP-glucose
ATP
-
skeletal muscle enzyme, allosteric inhibition of autoglucosylation, complete inhibition at 5 mM, possible role as natural regulator
UDP
-
inhibits both autoglucosylation and glucosylation of exogenous acceptor