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Information on EC 2.4.1.179 - lactosylceramide beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase
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EC Tree
2.4.1.179 lactosylceramide beta-1,3-galactosyltransferaseIUBMB Comments
R may be an oligosaccharide or a glycolipid; lactose can also act as acceptor, but more slowly. Involved in the elongation of oligosaccharide chains, especially in glycolipids.
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The enzyme appears in viruses and cellular organisms
Synonyms
udp-gal:ga2/gm2/gd2 beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase, 
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SYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
galactosyltransferase, uridine diphosphogalactose-lactosylceramide beta1-3-
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-
-
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uridine diphosphogalactose-lactosylceramide beta1-3-galactosyltransferase
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-
-
-
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-R = UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-R
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-R = UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-R
lactose can also act as acceptor, but more slowly. Involved in the elongation of oligosaccharide chains, especially in glycolipids.
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-
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UDP-alpha-D-galactose + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-R = UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-R
R may be an oligosaccharide or a glycolipid
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-
-
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
hexosyl group transfer
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-
-
-
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
UDP-galactose:D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-R 3-beta-galactosyltransferase
R may be an oligosaccharide or a glycolipid; lactose can also act as acceptor, but more slowly. Involved in the elongation of oligosaccharide chains, especially in glycolipids.
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
106769-64-6
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
UDP-galactose + asialo-fetuin
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-1,3-asialo-fetuin
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + asialo-glycophorin A
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-1,3-asialo-glycophorin A
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + asialo-orosomucoid
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-1,3-asialo-orosomucoid
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + beta-D-galactose
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-1,3-beta-D-galactose
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + beta-D-galactosyl-1,3-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,3-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + beta-D-galactosyl-1,6-N-acetylglucosylamine
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,6-N-acetylglucosylamine
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + beta-D-galactosyl-O-4-nitrophenyl
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-1,3-beta-D-galactose-O-4-nitrophenyl
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + D-galactosyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucose
UDP + D-galactosyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucose
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucose
UDP + D-galactosyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucose
UDP-galactose + D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosyl-glycolipid
UDP + D-galactosyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosyl-glycolipid
UDP-galactose + D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosyl-R
UDP + D-galactosyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosyl-R
UDP-galactose + ganglioside GM2
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-1,3-ganglioside GM2
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + lacto-N-tetraose
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-1,3-lacto-N-tetraose
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + lactulose
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-1,3-lactulose
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + melibiose
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-1,3-melibiose
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + methyl-alpha-galactoside
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-1,3-methyl-alpha-galactoside
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + methyl-beta-galactoside
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-1,3-methyl-beta-galactoside
UDP-galactose + N-acetylgalactosamine
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-1,3-N-acetylgalactosamine
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + N-acetyllactosamine
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-1,3-N-acetyllactosamine
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + p-nitrophenyl-alpha-N-acetylgalactosylamine
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-1,3-N-acetyl-alpha-galactosylaminyl-4-nitrophenyl
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + stachyose
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-1,3-stachyose
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucose
UDP + D-galactosyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucose
-
i.e. lactose
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucose
UDP + D-galactosyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucose
-
i.e. lactose
-
?
UDP-galactose + D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucose
UDP + D-galactosyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucose
-
best substrate
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucose
UDP + D-galactosyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucose
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i.e. lactose
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosyl-glycolipid
UDP + D-galactosyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosyl-glycolipid
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associated with biosynthesis of type 1 lactoseries core chain carbohydrate structure
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosyl-glycolipid
UDP + D-galactosyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosyl-glycolipid
-
involved in elongation of oligosaccharide chains in glycolipids
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosyl-R
UDP + D-galactosyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosyl-R
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosyl-R
UDP + D-galactosyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosyl-R
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosyl-R
UDP + D-galactosyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosyl-R
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosyl-R
UDP + D-galactosyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosyl-R
-
substrate specificity
-
?
UDP-galactose + D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosyl-R
UDP + D-galactosyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosyl-R
-
substrate specificity
-
?
UDP-galactose + D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosyl-R
UDP + D-galactosyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosyl-R
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hydrophobic substrates preferred
-
?
UDP-galactose + D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosyl-R
UDP + D-galactosyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosyl-R
-
poor substrates are alpha-galactosides
-
?
UDP-galactose + D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosyl-R
UDP + D-galactosyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosyl-R
-
R may be an oligosaccharide or a glycolipid
-
?
UDP-galactose + D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosyl-R
UDP + D-galactosyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosyl-R
-
p-nitrophenyl-beta-glycosides of galactose or lactose are by far the best substrates among oligosaccharides
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?
UDP-galactose + D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosyl-R
UDP + D-galactosyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosyl-R
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-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + lactotriaosylceramide
UDP + lactotetraosylceramide
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-
-
?
UDP-galactose + lactotriaosylceramide
UDP + lactotetraosylceramide
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-
-
?
UDP-galactose + lactotriaosylceramide
UDP + lactotetraosylceramide
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best substrate
-
?
UDP-galactose + methyl-beta-galactoside
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-1,3-methyl-beta-galactoside
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-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + methyl-beta-galactoside
UDP + beta-D-galactosyl-1,3-methyl-beta-galactoside
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-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
participates in the synthesis of glycosphingolipids
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-
?
additional information
?
-
-
glucose is a very poor acceptor substrate
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-
?
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NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
UDP-galactose + D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosyl-glycolipid
UDP + D-galactosyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosyl-glycolipid
additional information
?
-
-
participates in the synthesis of glycosphingolipids
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosyl-glycolipid
UDP + D-galactosyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosyl-glycolipid
-
associated with biosynthesis of type 1 lactoseries core chain carbohydrate structure
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosyl-glycolipid
UDP + D-galactosyl-1,3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,4-beta-D-glucosyl-glycolipid
-
involved in elongation of oligosaccharide chains in glycolipids
-
-
?
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METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
Mn2+
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INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
additional information
-
inhibition by salt-concentrations above 0.1 M; no inhibition by N-acetylgalactosamine
-
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ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
additional information
-
little or no activation by phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol or cardiolipin, Brij-58, Empigen BB or detergent G-3634-A
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KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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pH RANGE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
5 - 8
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about 75% of maximal activity at pH 5 and about half-maximal activity at pH 8.0
5.3 - 7.5
-
about 80% of maximal activity at pH 5.3 and about 55% of maximal activity at pH 7.5
5.8 - 8.2
-
about half-maximal activity at pH 5.8 and pH 8.2, cacodylate or Tris-HCl buffer
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TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
37
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ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
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SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
SOURCE
additional information
additional information
-
no activity in normal HCT-15 cells, human colonic adenocarcinoma cell line
brenda
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LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
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TEMPERATURE STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
39
-
30 min, complete inactivation, in the presence of Mn2+ 11% loss of activity within 60 min
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GENERAL STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
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STORAGE STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
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PURIFICATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
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CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
expressed in CHO-K1 cells as haemagglutinin and yellow fluorescent protein fusion protein
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REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Bailly, P.; Piller, F.; Cartron, J.P.; Leroy, Y.; Fournet, B.
Identification of UDP-galactose:lactose (lactosylceramide) alpha-4 and beta-3 galactosyltransferases in human kidney
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.
141
84-91
1986
Homo sapiens
brenda
Bailly, P.; Piller, F.; Cartron, J.P.
Characterization and specific assay for a galactoside beta-3-galactosyltransferase of human kidney
Eur. J. Biochem.
173
417-422
1988
Homo sapiens
brenda
Messer, M.; Nicholas, K.R.
Biosynthesis of marsupial milk oligosaccharides: characterization and developmental changes of two galactosyltransferases in lactating mammary glands of the tammar wallaby, Macropus eugenii
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
1077
79-85
1991
Notamacropus eugenii, no activity in Mus musculus
brenda
Holmes, E.H.; Levery, S.B.
Preparative in vitro generation of lacto-series type 1 chain glycolipids catalyzed by beta 1-3-galactosyltransferase from human colonic adenocarcinoma Colo 205 cells
Arch. Biochem. Biophys.
274
14-25
1989
Homo sapiens
brenda
Holmes, E.H.
Characterization and membrane organization of beta 1-3- and beta 1-4-galactosyltransferases from human colonic adenocarcinoma cell lines Colo 205 and SW403: basis for preferential synthesis of type 1 chain lacto-series carbohydrate structures
Arch. Biochem. Biophys.
270
630-646
1989
Homo sapiens
brenda
Sherwood, A.L.; Greene, T.G.; Holmes, E.H.
Stable expression of a cDNA encoding a human beta1 -> 3galactosyltransferase responsible for lacto-series type 1 core chain synthesis in non-expressing cells: variation in the nature of cell surface antigens expressed
J. Cell. Biochem.
50
165-177
1992
Homo sapiens
brenda
Quintero, C.A.; Valdez-Taubas, J.; Ferrari, M.L.; Haedo, S.D.; Maccioni, H.J.
Calsenilin and CALP interact with the cytoplasmic tail of UDP-Gal:GA2/GM2/GD2 beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase
Biochem. J.
412
19-26
2008
Homo sapiens
brenda
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