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Information on EC 2.4.1.16 - chitin synthase and Organism(s) Candida albicans and UniProt Accession P30573

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EC Tree
     2 Transferases
         2.4 Glycosyltransferases
             2.4.1 Hexosyltransferases
                2.4.1.16 chitin synthase
IUBMB Comments
Converts UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine into chitin and UDP.
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This record set is specific for:
Candida albicans
UNIPROT: P30573
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Word Map
The taxonomic range for the selected organisms is: Candida albicans
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Eukaryota, Bacteria
Synonyms
chitin synthase, chitin synthetase, chs3p, chitin synthase 1, chitin synthase iii, chitin synthase 2, csiii, chs4p, chs2p, chitin synthase ii, more
SYNONYM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
acetylglucosaminyltransferase, chitin-uridine diphosphate
-
-
-
-
CaChs2p
-
-
chitin synthase 1
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chitin synthase III
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-
chitin synthetase
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-
-
-
chitin-UDP N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase
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-
-
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chitin-uridine diphosphate acetylglucosaminyltransferase
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-
-
-
class IV CaChs3p
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-
CSI
-
-
-
-
CSII
-
-
-
-
CSIII
trans-N-acetylglucosaminosylase
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-
-
-
REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
hexosyl group transfer
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-
-
-
PATHWAY SOURCE
PATHWAYS
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-
SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:chitin 4-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase
Converts UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine into chitin and UDP.
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY hide
9030-18-6
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT                       
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [(1-4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-]n
UDP + [(1-4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-]n+1
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
show the reaction diagram
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1-)]n
UDP + [4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1-)]n+1
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
show the reaction diagram
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chitin synthase III from Candida albicans plays an important role in maintaining cell wall integrity, being essential when invading surrounding tissues. Candida albicans strains deficient in CHS7, a key regulator of chitin synthase III, exhibit morphogenetic alterations and attenuated virulence
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-
?
additional information
?
-
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
8,20-dihydroxy-9(11),13-abietadien-12-one
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Nikkomycin
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nikkomycin Z
nikkomycin Z
O-methyl pisiferic acid
a diterpene compound isolated from leaves of Chamaecyparis pisifera, inhibition of chitin synthase 1
Polyoxin D
polyoxin L
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-
uracil polyoxin C methyl ester
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stereoselective synthesis routes of both the natural (C5'-S) and unnatural (C5'-R) diastereoisomers of uracil polyoxin C methyl ester as specific substrate analogue-inhibitors of chirin synthase, conjugation of the methyl ester of uracil polyoxin C with activated isoxazole carboxylic acids, detailed overview
IC50 VALUE [mM]
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.171
8,20-dihydroxy-9(11),13-abietadien-12-one
Candida albicans
inhibition of Chs1p
0.015
neopolyoxin C
Candida albicans
inhibition of Chs1p
0.076
O-methyl pisiferic acid
Candida albicans
inhibition of Chs1p
0.0427
Polyoxin D
Candida albicans
inhibition of Chs1p
SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
additional information
pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
7.5 - 8
assay at
TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
ORGANISM
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
Chs3; isozyme Chs3, gene CHS3
UniProt
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
SOURCE
additional information
LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
physiological function
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treatment of Candida albicans with low levels of echinocandins such as caspofungin, echinocandin B, cilofungin and anidulafungin stimulates chitin synthase gene expression, increases Chs activity, elevates chitin content and reduced efficacy of these drugs. Elevation of chitin synthesis is mediated via the PKC, HOG, and Ca2+-calcineurin signalling pathways. Stimulation of isoforms Chs2p and Chs8p by activators of these pathways enables cells to survive otherwise lethal concentrations of echinocandins, even in the absence of Chs3p and the normally essential Chs1p, which synthesize the chitinous septal ring and primary septum of the fungus. Under such conditions, a novel proximally offset septum is synthesized that restores the capacity for cell division, sustaines the viability of the cell, and abrogates morphological and growth defects associated with echinocandin treatment and the chs mutations
UNIPROT
ENTRY NAME
ORGANISM
NO. OF AA
NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]
SOURCE
SEQUENCE
LOCALIZATION PREDICTION?
CHS3_CANAX
1213
6
136208
Swiss-Prot
other Location (Reliability: 3)
POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
proteolytic modification
PROTEIN VARIANTS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
additional information
CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
gene CHS3, expression of YFP-tagged wild-type and mutant isozymes in strain BWP17, location of the YFP-tagged Chs proteins in yeast and hyphal cells, overview
gene CHS1, expression of YFP-tagged wild-type and mutant isozymes in strain BWP17, location of the YFP-tagged Chs proteins in yeast and hyphal cells, overview
gene CHS2, expression of YFP-tagged wild-type and mutant isozymes in strain BWP17, location of the YFP-tagged Chs proteins in yeast and hyphal cells, overview
gene CHS8, expression of YFP-tagged wild-type and mutant isozymes in strain BWP17, location of the YFP-tagged Chs proteins in yeast and hyphal cells, overview
EXPRESSION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
treatment of Candida albicans with low levels of echinocandins such as caspofungin, echinocandin B, cilofungin and anidulafungin stimulates chitin synthase gene expression, increases Chs activity, elevates chitin content and reduced efficacy of these drugs
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APPLICATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
agriculture
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enzyme inhibitors can be useful as potential pesticidal agents
REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Hardy, J.C.; Gooday, G.W.
Stability and zymogenic nature of chitin synthase from Candida albicans
Curr. Microbiol.
9
51-54
1983
Candida albicans
-
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Valdivieso, M.H.; Duran, A.; Roncero, C.
Chitin synthases in yeast and fungi
EXS
87
55-69
1999
Aspergillus nidulans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida albicans, Rhizopus microsporus var. oligosporus, Ustilago maydis
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Mio, T.; Sudoh, M.; Satoh, Y.; Nakajima, T.; Arisawa, M.; Yamada-Okabe, H.
Role of three chitin synthase genes in the growth of Candida albicans
J. Bacteriol.
178
2416-2419
1996
Candida albicans
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Selvaggini, S.; Munro, C.A.; Paschoud, S.; Sanglard, D.; Gow, N.A.
Independent regulation of chitin synthase and chitinase activity in Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Microbiology
150
921-928
2004
Candida albicans
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Sanz, M.; Carrano, L.; Jimenez, C.; Candiani, G.; Trilla, J.A.; Duran, A.; Roncero, C.
Candida albicans strains deficient in CHS7, a key regulator of chitin synthase III, exhibit morphogenetic alterations and attenuated virulence
Microbiology
151
2623-2636
2005
Candida albicans
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Munro, C.A.K.W.; Buchan, A.; Henry, K.; Becker, J.M.; Brown, A.J.; Bulawa, C.E.; Gow, N.A.R.
Chs1 of Candida albicans is an essential chitin synthase required for synthesis at the septum and for cell integrity
Mol. Microbiol.
39
1414-1426
2001
Candida albicans
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Gow, N.A.R.; Robbins, P.W.; Lester, J.W.; Brown, A.J.P.; Fonzi, W.A.; Chapman, T.; Kinsman, O.S.
A hyphal-specific chitin synthase gene (CHS2) is not essential for growth, dimorphism, or virulence of Candida albicans
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
91
6126-6220
1994
Candida albicans
-
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Kang, T.H.; Hwang, E.I.; Yun, B.S.; Shin, C.S.; Kim, S.U.
Chitin synthase 2 inhibitory activity of O-methyl pisiferic acid and 8,20-dihydroxy-9(11),13-abietadien-12-one, isolated from Chamaecyparis pisifera
Biol. Pharm. Bull.
31
755-759
2008
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (A6ZKY2), Candida albicans (P23316), Candida albicans
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Plant, A.; Thompson, P.; Williams, D.M.
Stereoselective synthesis of novel uracil polyoxin C conjugates as substrate analogues of chitin synthase
J. Org. Chem.
73
3714-3724
2008
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida albicans
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Lenardon, M.D.; Whitton, R.K.; Munro, C.A.; Marshall, D.; Gow, N.A.
Individual chitin synthase enzymes synthesize microfibrils of differing structure at specific locations in the Candida albicans cell wall
Mol. Microbiol.
66
1164-1173
2007
Candida albicans (A0A1D8PFK5), Candida albicans (P23316), Candida albicans (P30572), Candida albicans (P30573), Candida albicans
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Walker, L.; Munro, C.; De Bruijn, I.; Lenardon, M.; McKinnon, A.; Gow, N.
Stimulation of chitin synthesis rescues Candida albicans from echinocandins
PLoS Pathog.
4
e1000040
2008
Candida albicans
Manually annotated by BRENDA team