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Information on EC 2.4.1.16 - chitin synthase
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2.4.1.16 chitin synthaseIUBMB Comments
Converts UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine into chitin and UDP.
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Word Map
- 2.4.1.16
- synthases
- fungus
- candida
- albicans
-
antifungal
- nikkomycins
- hyphal
- septum
- chitinase
- zymogen
-
calcofluor
- cuticle
- mycelial
- conidia
- glucans
- polyoxins
- colletotrichum
-
peritrophic
- trichophyton
-
anthracnose
-
echinocandins
-
exoskeleton
- dermatophytes
- mucor
- rouxii
- dermatitidis
- integument
-
chitin-binding
- caspofungin
- diflubenzuron
-
nymph
- microfibrils
- pachydermatis
- mentagrophytes
- conidiophore
- fructicola
-
alkali-insoluble
- exophiala
- arthroderma
-
acaricide
- malassezia
- dermatophytosis
-
mother-bud
- beta-1,3-glucan
-
tetranychus
- gloeosporioides
- phycomyces
-
septins
- acutatum
- analysis
- agriculture
The enzyme appears in viruses and cellular organisms
Reaction Schemes
Synonyms
AaCHS-1, acetylglucosaminyltransferase, chitin-uridine diphosphate, AgCHS-1, AgCHS-2, Ar-CS1, BcChsVI, CaChs1, CaChs2p, chitin synthase 1, chitin synthase 2, 
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SYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
acetylglucosaminyltransferase, chitin-uridine diphosphate
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-
-
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BcChsVI
chitin synthase 1
chitin synthase 2
chitin synthase 3
chitin synthase A
chitin synthase III
chitin synthetase
-
-
-
-
chitin-UDP acetyl-glucosaminyl transferase 1
chitin-UDP N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase
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-
-
-
chitin-uridine diphosphate acetylglucosaminyltransferase
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-
-
-
CHS
CHS B
chs-1
chs-2
CHS-3
CHS-6
Chs1
CHS1p
Chs2
CHS2p
CHS3
Chs3p
CHS5
CHS7
Chs8
chsA
chsB
chsC
class A chitin synthase
class I CHS
class IV CHS
class V chitin synthase
CSI
-
-
-
-
CSII
-
-
-
-
CSIII
CsmA
CsmB
PdChsVII
trans-N-acetylglucosaminosylase
-
-
-
-
UDP-GlcNAc:chitin 4-alpha-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase
Chs1
-
-
-
-
Chs2
-
-
-
-
CSIII
-
-
-
-
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine + [(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl]n = UDP + [(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl]n+1
UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine + [(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl]n = UDP + [(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl]n+1
mechanism
-
UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine + [(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl]n = UDP + [(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl]n+1
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-
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-
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
hexosyl group transfer
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-
-
-
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PATHWAY SOURCE
PATHWAYS
MetaCyc
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:chitin 4-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase
Converts UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine into chitin and UDP.
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
9030-18-6
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
6-O-dansyl-N-acetylglucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
?
Kluyveromyces bulgaricus
-
-
-
-
?
acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
Kluyveromyces bulgaricus
-
-
-
-
?
chitobiose + N-acetyl-D-glucosamine
UDP + 1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)x
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-GlcNAc + GlcNAc
UDP + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1,4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + N-acetyl-D-glucosamine
UDP + 1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)2
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [(1-4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-]n
UDP + [(1-4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-]n+1
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1-)]n
UDP + [4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1-)]n+1
UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [(1-4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-]n
UDP + [(1-4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-]n+1
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [(1-4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-]n
UDP + [(1-4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-]n+1
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
key enzyme in chitin biosynthesis
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
Amylomyces rouxii IM-80 / CCUG 22422 / CBS 416.77 / CCM F-220 / DSM 1191 / ATCC 24905
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
Apodachlya sp.
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
chitin synthase B is essential for hyphal growth
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
chitin synthase 1 is involved in repair functions at the end of cytokinesis, chitin synthase 2 is responsible for the synthesis of the primary septum that separates mother and daughter cells, chitin synthase 3 is responsible for the formation of the ring where most of the cell wall chitin is located
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
deletion of chsE causes a significant decrease in the chitin content of the cell wall during early sexual development. Expression of chsE is increased by substituting glucose with lactose or by addition of 0.6 M KCl or NaCl, but affected little by substituting glucose with sodium acetate. ChsE has a mode of expression distinct from those of the other chitin synthase genes, chsA, chsB and chsC
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
subapical branching may be regulated though an interplay between chitinolytic enzymes and chitin synthases, chitin synthase B may represent the main chitin synthase activity involved in apical hyphal extension
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
the enzyme is likely to be essential to oogenesis and embryonic development
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
chitin synthase III from Candida albicans plays an important role in maintaining cell wall integrity, being essential when invading surrounding tissues. Candida albicans strains deficient in CHS7, a key regulator of chitin synthase III, exhibit morphogenetic alterations and attenuated virulence
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
Chlorovirus CVK2
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
Chlorovirus CVK2
-
chlorovirus CVK2 encodes a chitin synthase gene and produces hairy chitin polysaccharides on the infected cell surface
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
chitin
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
chitin synthase activity is required for normal development of nematodes and removal of this activity delays emergency of juveniles in Meloidogyne artiellia
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
Mortierella candelabrum
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
Mortierella pusilla
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
chitin
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
existence of a unique secretory pathway based on chitosome microvesicles as the main conveyors of chitin synthetase to the cell surface
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
chitin
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
chitin
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
chitin
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
the enzyme itself is capable both of initiating chitin chains without a primer and of determining their length
at low concentrations of UDP-GlcNAc, no insoluble chitin is formed. Instead N-acetylglucosamine is incorporated into water-soluble products
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
chitin synthetase 2 is responsible for chitin synthesis in vivo, chitin synthase 1 is not essential
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
chitin synthetase 2 is the physiological agent for chitin deposition in strains with a disrupted CHS1 gene
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
chitin synthetase 2 is essential for primary septum formation, chitin synthetase 1 is a repair enzyme
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
chitin synthase III activity is required for remedial septa formation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
most chitin is synthesized by Chs3p, which deposites chitin in the lateral cell wall and in the bud-neck region during cell division. Chs3p-dependent chitin synthesis is regulated both by the level of intermediates of the UDP-GlcNAc-biosynthetic pathways and by an increase in the activity of the enzyme in the plasma membrane
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
chitin
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1-)]n
UDP + [4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1-)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1-)]n
UDP + [4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1-)]n+1
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
method optimzation to assay chitin synthase activity, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
ChsA and ChsC share overlapping roles in septum formation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CsmA and CsmB play compensatory roles that are essential for normal tip growth
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CsmA and CsmB play compensatory roles that are essential for normal tip growth
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
chitin synthase, CsmA contains a myosin motor-like domain
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
chs-1 is critical for eggshell production. Complete loss of function in a chs-1 deletion results in embryos that lack chitin in their eggshells and fail to divide
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
knocking down chs-2 by RNAi causes a defect in the pharynx and leads to L1 larval arrest, indicating that chitin is involved in the development and function of the pharynx
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
chitin synthesis and hydrolysis are not coupled, but both are regulated during yeast - hyphe morphogenesis in Candida albicans
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
class II CaChs1p is involved in septum formation in both the yeast and hyphal forms and for cell integrity
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the hyphal-specific chitin synthase gene CHS2 is not essential for growth, dimorphism, or virulence. The class I CaChs2p enzyme is responsible for part of the hyphal chitin
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
shape and integrity of fungal cells is dependent on the skeletal polysaccharides in their cell walls of which beta-1,3-glucan and chitin are of principle importance, individual chitin synthase enzymes synthesize microfibrils of differing structure at specific locations in the Candida albicans cell wall, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
shape and integrity of fungal cells is dependent on the skeletal polysaccharides in their cell walls of which beta-1,3-glucan and chitin are of principle importance, individual chitin synthase enzymes synthesize microfibrils of differing structure at specific locations in the Candida albicans cell wall, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
shape and integrity of fungal cells is dependent on the skeletal polysaccharides in their cell walls of which beta-1,3-glucan and chitin are of principle importance, individual chitin synthase enzymes synthesize microfibrils of differing structure at specific locations in the Candida albicans cell wall, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q5A7T2
shape and integrity of fungal cells is dependent on the skeletal polysaccharides in their cell walls of which beta-1,3-glucan and chitin are of principle importance, individual chitin synthase enzymes synthesize microfibrils of differing structure at specific locations in the Candida albicans cell wall, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the chitin synthase with a myosin-like motor domain is essential for hyphal growth, appressorium differentiation, and pathogenicity of the maize anthracnose fungus Colletotrichum graminicola, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
the chitin synthase with a myosin-like motor domain is essential for hyphal growth, appressorium differentiation, and pathogenicity of the maize anthracnose fungus Colletotrichum graminicola, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
the chitin synthase with a myosin-like motor domain is essential for hyphal growth, appressorium differentiation, and pathogenicity of the maize anthracnose fungus Colletotrichum graminicola, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
CHS3 is the most important chitin synthase for vegetative growth. Deletion of chs3 gene leads to cell death at 37°C
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS3 is the most important chitin synthase for vegetative growth. Deletion of chs3 gene leads to cell death at 37°C
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
insect development is dependent on the precisely tuned expression of chitin synthase genes. Ecdysterone has a regulatory role on CHS-1 (DmeChSB) and CHS-2
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
WdChs1p is more responsible than WdChs2p for normal yeast cell reproductive growth because strains with defects in the latter exhibited no morphological abnormalities, whereas those with defects in WdChs1p are frequently impaired in one or more yeast developmental processes
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
class V chitin synthase is required for sustained cell growth at the temperature of infection, 37°C, with increased WdCHS5 mRNA synthesis being the major factor responsible for the increased WdCHS5 transcript
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q5YCX0
class VII chitin synthase involved in septation is critical for pathogenicity in Fusarium oxysporum, gene chsVb is likely to function in polarized growth and confirm the critical importance of cell wall integrity in the complex infection process of this fungus, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
MsCHS1 appears to be inversely regulated because its mRNA is detectable only during the molt at the time when tracheal growth occurs at the basal site of the midgut
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q530Z6
MsCHS1 appears to be inversely regulated because its mRNA is detectable only during the molt at the time when tracheal growth occurs at the basal site of the midgut
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
MsCHS1 appears to be inversely regulated because its mRNA is detectable only during the molt at the time when tracheal growth occurs at the basal site of the midgut
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q530Z6
chitin synthesis is controlled by an intestinal proteolytic signalling cascade linking chitin synthase activity to the nutritional state of the larvae, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q530Z6
CHS2 interacts with the extracellular chymotrypsin-like protease CTLP1 in the midgut, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
Chs4p (Cal2/Csd4/Skt5) is a protein factor physically interacting with Chs3p, the catalytic subunit of chitin synthase III (CSIII), and is indispensable for its enzymatic activity in vivo. Abolition of Chs4p prenylation causes about 60% decrease in CSIII activity, which is correlated with about 30% decrease in chitin content. Lack of Chs4p prenylation decreases the average chain length of the chitin polymer
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
Chs2 synthesizes the primary septum after mitosis is completed. It is essential for proper cell separation and expected to be highly regulated. Chs2 is hyperactivated by a soluble yeast protease, which is expressed during logarithmic growth phase, when budding cells require Chs2 activity
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
Chs4p is required for chitin synthase III activity and hence for chitin synthesis
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
proper CSIII turnover is maintained through the endocytic internalization of Chs3p, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
formation of chitin oligosaccharides and insoluble chitin, and by replacing GlcNAc with 2-acylamido analogues of GlcNAc. Synthesis of chitin oligosaccharides is strongly dependent on inclusion of GlcNAc in chitin synthase incubations, and N,N'-diacetylchitobiose is the major reaction product. Formation of both chitin oligosaccharides and insoluble chitin is also stimulated by GlcNAc2 and by N-propanoyl-, N-butanoyl-, and N-glycolylglucosamine
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
Chs2 synthesizes the primary septum after mitosis is completed. It is essential for proper cell separation and expected to be highly regulated. Chs2 is hyperactivated by a soluble yeast protease, which is expressed during logarithmic growth phase, when budding cells require Chs2 activity
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
chitin synthase B is very important in midgut formation and development
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q3I5Q4
the enzyme is involved in larval development, and is important for the growth and development of cuticles and trachea in the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is involved in larval development, and is important for the growth and development of cuticles and trachea in the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q3I5Q4
Chitin synthases are large membrane proteins that catalyze the polymerization of N-acetylglucosamine into chitin, a major component of the exoskeletons and peritrophic membranes of insects
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
Chitin synthases are large membrane proteins that catalyze the polymerization of N-acetylglucosamine into chitin, a major component of the exoskeletons and peritrophic membranes of insects
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
RNAi-mediated down-regulation of TcCHS2, but not TcCHS1, leads to cessation of feeding, a dramatic shrinkage in larval size and reduced chitin content in the midgut
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
splice variant 8a of TcCHS1 is required for both the larval-pupal and pupal-adult moults, whereas splice variant 8b is required only for the latter
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
chitin, synthesized by chitin synthase, is essential for the structural integrity of the exoskeletal cuticle and midgut peritrophic membrane of insects
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
chitin, synthesized by chitin synthase, is essential for the structural integrity of the exoskeletal cuticle and midgut peritrophic membrane of insects
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS catalyzes the synthesis of chitin, the beta-1,4-linked polymer of N-acetylglucosamine
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS catalyzes the synthesis of chitin, the beta-1,4-linked polymer of N-acetylglucosamine
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS1 supports the tip growth of yeastlike cells
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS1 supports the tip growth of yeastlike cells
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS1 supports the tip growth of yeastlike cells
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS1 supports the tip growth of yeastlike cells
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS1 supports the tip growth of yeastlike cells
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS1 supports the tip growth of yeastlike cells
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS1 supports the tip growth of yeastlike cells
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS2 plays a minor role during infection process and becomes crucial when the plant grows under optimal conditions
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS2 plays a minor role during infection process and becomes crucial when the plant grows under optimal conditions
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS2 plays a minor role during infection process and becomes crucial when the plant grows under optimal conditions
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS2 plays a minor role during infection process and becomes crucial when the plant grows under optimal conditions
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS2 plays a minor role during infection process and becomes crucial when the plant grows under optimal conditions
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS2 plays a minor role during infection process and becomes crucial when the plant grows under optimal conditions
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS2 plays a minor role during infection process and becomes crucial when the plant grows under optimal conditions
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS3 plays a minor role during infection process and becomes crucial when the plant grows under optimal conditions
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS3 plays a minor role during infection process and becomes crucial when the plant grows under optimal conditions
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS3 plays a minor role during infection process and becomes crucial when the plant grows under optimal conditions
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS3 plays a minor role during infection process and becomes crucial when the plant grows under optimal conditions
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS3 plays a minor role during infection process and becomes crucial when the plant grows under optimal conditions
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS3 plays a minor role during infection process and becomes crucial when the plant grows under optimal conditions
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS3 plays a minor role during infection process and becomes crucial when the plant grows under optimal conditions
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS4 plays a minor role during infection process and becomes crucial when the plant grows under optimal conditions
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS4 plays a minor role during infection process and becomes crucial when the plant grows under optimal conditions
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS4 plays a minor role during infection process and becomes crucial when the plant grows under optimal conditions
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS4 plays a minor role during infection process and becomes crucial when the plant grows under optimal conditions
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS4 plays a minor role during infection process and becomes crucial when the plant grows under optimal conditions
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS4 plays a minor role during infection process and becomes crucial when the plant grows under optimal conditions
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS4 plays a minor role during infection process and becomes crucial when the plant grows under optimal conditions
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS5 is localized at the growing bud and hyphal tips, indicating that they participate in tip growth. Chs5 is important for mating tube and dikaryotic hyphae formation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS5 is localized at the growing bud and hyphal tips, indicating that they participate in tip growth. Chs5 is important for mating tube and dikaryotic hyphae formation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS5 is localized at the growing bud and hyphal tips, indicating that they participate in tip growth. Chs5 is important for mating tube and dikaryotic hyphae formation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS5 is localized at the growing bud and hyphal tips, indicating that they participate in tip growth. Chs5 is important for mating tube and dikaryotic hyphae formation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS5 is localized at the growing bud and hyphal tips, indicating that they participate in tip growth. Chs5 is important for mating tube and dikaryotic hyphae formation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS5 is localized at the growing bud and hyphal tips, indicating that they participate in tip growth. Chs5 is important for mating tube and dikaryotic hyphae formation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS5 is localized at the growing bud and hyphal tips, indicating that they participate in tip growth. Chs5 is important for mating tube and dikaryotic hyphae formation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS6 is localized at the growing bud and hyphal tips, indicating that they participate in tip growth. Chs6 is important for mating tube and dikaryotic hyphae formation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS6 is localized at the growing bud and hyphal tips, indicating that they participate in tip growth. Chs6 is important for mating tube and dikaryotic hyphae formation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS6 is localized at the growing bud and hyphal tips, indicating that they participate in tip growth. Chs6 is important for mating tube and dikaryotic hyphae formation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS6 is localized at the growing bud and hyphal tips, indicating that they participate in tip growth. Chs6 is important for mating tube and dikaryotic hyphae formation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS6 is localized at the growing bud and hyphal tips, indicating that they participate in tip growth. Chs6 is important for mating tube and dikaryotic hyphae formation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS6 is localized at the growing bud and hyphal tips, indicating that they participate in tip growth. Chs6 is important for mating tube and dikaryotic hyphae formation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS6 is localized at the growing bud and hyphal tips, indicating that they participate in tip growth. Chs6 is important for mating tube and dikaryotic hyphae formation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS7 is localized at the growing bud and hyphal tips, indicating that they participate in tip growth. Chs7 is important for mating tube and dikaryotic hyphae formation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS7 is localized at the growing bud and hyphal tips, indicating that they participate in tip growth. Chs7 is important for mating tube and dikaryotic hyphae formation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS7 is localized at the growing bud and hyphal tips, indicating that they participate in tip growth. Chs7 is important for mating tube and dikaryotic hyphae formation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS7 is localized at the growing bud and hyphal tips, indicating that they participate in tip growth. Chs7 is important for mating tube and dikaryotic hyphae formation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS7 is localized at the growing bud and hyphal tips, indicating that they participate in tip growth. Chs7 is important for mating tube and dikaryotic hyphae formation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS7 is localized at the growing bud and hyphal tips, indicating that they participate in tip growth. Chs7 is important for mating tube and dikaryotic hyphae formation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS7 is localized at the growing bud and hyphal tips, indicating that they participate in tip growth. Chs7 is important for mating tube and dikaryotic hyphae formation
-
-
-
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
R4I3H8
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
R4I3H8
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
P14180
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
key enzyme in chitin biosynthesis
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
chitin synthase B is essential for hyphal growth
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
chitin synthase 1 is involved in repair functions at the end of cytokinesis, chitin synthase 2 is responsible for the synthesis of the primary septum that separates mother and daughter cells, chitin synthase 3 is responsible for the formation of the ring where most of the cell wall chitin is located
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
P78611
deletion of chsE causes a significant decrease in the chitin content of the cell wall during early sexual development. Expression of chsE is increased by substituting glucose with lactose or by addition of 0.6 M KCl or NaCl, but affected little by substituting glucose with sodium acetate. ChsE has a mode of expression distinct from those of the other chitin synthase genes, chsA, chsB and chsC
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
subapical branching may be regulated though an interplay between chitinolytic enzymes and chitin synthases, chitin synthase B may represent the main chitin synthase activity involved in apical hyphal extension
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
Q9GQC3
the enzyme is likely to be essential to oogenesis and embryonic development
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
chitin synthase III from Candida albicans plays an important role in maintaining cell wall integrity, being essential when invading surrounding tissues. Candida albicans strains deficient in CHS7, a key regulator of chitin synthase III, exhibit morphogenetic alterations and attenuated virulence
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
Chlorovirus CVK2
-
chlorovirus CVK2 encodes a chitin synthase gene and produces hairy chitin polysaccharides on the infected cell surface
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
chitin synthase activity is required for normal development of nematodes and removal of this activity delays emergency of juveniles in Meloidogyne artiellia
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
existence of a unique secretory pathway based on chitosome microvesicles as the main conveyors of chitin synthetase to the cell surface
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
chitin synthetase 2 is responsible for chitin synthesis in vivo, chitin synthase 1 is not essential
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
chitin synthetase 2 is the physiological agent for chitin deposition in strains with a disrupted CHS1 gene
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
chitin synthetase 2 is essential for primary septum formation, chitin synthetase 1 is a repair enzyme
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
P29465
chitin synthase III activity is required for remedial septa formation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
P30583
ChsA and ChsC share overlapping roles in septum formation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
O13281
CsmA and CsmB play compensatory roles that are essential for normal tip growth
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q2L6A0
CsmA and CsmB play compensatory roles that are essential for normal tip growth
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
chs-1 is critical for eggshell production. Complete loss of function in a chs-1 deletion results in embryos that lack chitin in their eggshells and fail to divide
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
knocking down chs-2 by RNAi causes a defect in the pharynx and leads to L1 larval arrest, indicating that chitin is involved in the development and function of the pharynx
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
chitin synthesis and hydrolysis are not coupled, but both are regulated during yeast - hyphe morphogenesis in Candida albicans
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
class II CaChs1p is involved in septum formation in both the yeast and hyphal forms and for cell integrity
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the hyphal-specific chitin synthase gene CHS2 is not essential for growth, dimorphism, or virulence. The class I CaChs2p enzyme is responsible for part of the hyphal chitin
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
P23316
shape and integrity of fungal cells is dependent on the skeletal polysaccharides in their cell walls of which beta-1,3-glucan and chitin are of principle importance, individual chitin synthase enzymes synthesize microfibrils of differing structure at specific locations in the Candida albicans cell wall, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
P30572
shape and integrity of fungal cells is dependent on the skeletal polysaccharides in their cell walls of which beta-1,3-glucan and chitin are of principle importance, individual chitin synthase enzymes synthesize microfibrils of differing structure at specific locations in the Candida albicans cell wall, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
P30573
shape and integrity of fungal cells is dependent on the skeletal polysaccharides in their cell walls of which beta-1,3-glucan and chitin are of principle importance, individual chitin synthase enzymes synthesize microfibrils of differing structure at specific locations in the Candida albicans cell wall, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q5A7T2
shape and integrity of fungal cells is dependent on the skeletal polysaccharides in their cell walls of which beta-1,3-glucan and chitin are of principle importance, individual chitin synthase enzymes synthesize microfibrils of differing structure at specific locations in the Candida albicans cell wall, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the chitin synthase with a myosin-like motor domain is essential for hyphal growth, appressorium differentiation, and pathogenicity of the maize anthracnose fungus Colletotrichum graminicola, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q8TFN5
the chitin synthase with a myosin-like motor domain is essential for hyphal growth, appressorium differentiation, and pathogenicity of the maize anthracnose fungus Colletotrichum graminicola, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q8TFN6
the chitin synthase with a myosin-like motor domain is essential for hyphal growth, appressorium differentiation, and pathogenicity of the maize anthracnose fungus Colletotrichum graminicola, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
CHS3 is the most important chitin synthase for vegetative growth. Deletion of chs3 gene leads to cell death at 37°C
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q5KCU4
CHS3 is the most important chitin synthase for vegetative growth. Deletion of chs3 gene leads to cell death at 37°C
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
insect development is dependent on the precisely tuned expression of chitin synthase genes. Ecdysterone has a regulatory role on CHS-1 (DmeChSB) and CHS-2
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
P30600
WdChs1p is more responsible than WdChs2p for normal yeast cell reproductive growth because strains with defects in the latter exhibited no morphological abnormalities, whereas those with defects in WdChs1p are frequently impaired in one or more yeast developmental processes
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q8TGV2
class V chitin synthase is required for sustained cell growth at the temperature of infection, 37°C, with increased WdCHS5 mRNA synthesis being the major factor responsible for the increased WdCHS5 transcript
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q5YCX0
class VII chitin synthase involved in septation is critical for pathogenicity in Fusarium oxysporum, gene chsVb is likely to function in polarized growth and confirm the critical importance of cell wall integrity in the complex infection process of this fungus, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
MsCHS1 appears to be inversely regulated because its mRNA is detectable only during the molt at the time when tracheal growth occurs at the basal site of the midgut
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q530Z6
MsCHS1 appears to be inversely regulated because its mRNA is detectable only during the molt at the time when tracheal growth occurs at the basal site of the midgut
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q8T4U2
MsCHS1 appears to be inversely regulated because its mRNA is detectable only during the molt at the time when tracheal growth occurs at the basal site of the midgut
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q530Z6
chitin synthesis is controlled by an intestinal proteolytic signalling cascade linking chitin synthase activity to the nutritional state of the larvae, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
Chs4p (Cal2/Csd4/Skt5) is a protein factor physically interacting with Chs3p, the catalytic subunit of chitin synthase III (CSIII), and is indispensable for its enzymatic activity in vivo. Abolition of Chs4p prenylation causes about 60% decrease in CSIII activity, which is correlated with about 30% decrease in chitin content. Lack of Chs4p prenylation decreases the average chain length of the chitin polymer
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
Chs2 synthesizes the primary septum after mitosis is completed. It is essential for proper cell separation and expected to be highly regulated. Chs2 is hyperactivated by a soluble yeast protease, which is expressed during logarithmic growth phase, when budding cells require Chs2 activity
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
Chs4p is required for chitin synthase III activity and hence for chitin synthesis
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
Chs2 synthesizes the primary septum after mitosis is completed. It is essential for proper cell separation and expected to be highly regulated. Chs2 is hyperactivated by a soluble yeast protease, which is expressed during logarithmic growth phase, when budding cells require Chs2 activity
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q06BR7
chitin synthase B is very important in midgut formation and development
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q3I5Q4
the enzyme is involved in larval development, and is important for the growth and development of cuticles and trachea in the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is involved in larval development, and is important for the growth and development of cuticles and trachea in the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q6WD22
RNAi-mediated down-regulation of TcCHS2, but not TcCHS1, leads to cessation of feeding, a dramatic shrinkage in larval size and reduced chitin content in the midgut
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q6WD22
splice variant 8a of TcCHS1 is required for both the larval-pupal and pupal-adult moults, whereas splice variant 8b is required only for the latter
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q6WD22
chitin, synthesized by chitin synthase, is essential for the structural integrity of the exoskeletal cuticle and midgut peritrophic membrane of insects
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q6WD23
chitin, synthesized by chitin synthase, is essential for the structural integrity of the exoskeletal cuticle and midgut peritrophic membrane of insects
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
O13394
CHS1 supports the tip growth of yeastlike cells
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
O13395
CHS1 supports the tip growth of yeastlike cells
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
P30598
CHS1 supports the tip growth of yeastlike cells
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
P30599
CHS1 supports the tip growth of yeastlike cells
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q4P333
CHS1 supports the tip growth of yeastlike cells
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q99126
CHS1 supports the tip growth of yeastlike cells
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q99127
CHS1 supports the tip growth of yeastlike cells
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
O13394
CHS2 plays a minor role during infection process and becomes crucial when the plant grows under optimal conditions
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
O13395
CHS2 plays a minor role during infection process and becomes crucial when the plant grows under optimal conditions
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
P30598
CHS2 plays a minor role during infection process and becomes crucial when the plant grows under optimal conditions
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
P30599
CHS2 plays a minor role during infection process and becomes crucial when the plant grows under optimal conditions
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q4P333
CHS2 plays a minor role during infection process and becomes crucial when the plant grows under optimal conditions
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q99126
CHS2 plays a minor role during infection process and becomes crucial when the plant grows under optimal conditions
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q99127
CHS2 plays a minor role during infection process and becomes crucial when the plant grows under optimal conditions
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
O13394
CHS3 plays a minor role during infection process and becomes crucial when the plant grows under optimal conditions
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
O13395
CHS3 plays a minor role during infection process and becomes crucial when the plant grows under optimal conditions
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
P30598
CHS3 plays a minor role during infection process and becomes crucial when the plant grows under optimal conditions
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
P30599
CHS3 plays a minor role during infection process and becomes crucial when the plant grows under optimal conditions
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q4P333
CHS3 plays a minor role during infection process and becomes crucial when the plant grows under optimal conditions
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q99126
CHS3 plays a minor role during infection process and becomes crucial when the plant grows under optimal conditions
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q99127
CHS3 plays a minor role during infection process and becomes crucial when the plant grows under optimal conditions
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
O13394
CHS4 plays a minor role during infection process and becomes crucial when the plant grows under optimal conditions
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
O13395
CHS4 plays a minor role during infection process and becomes crucial when the plant grows under optimal conditions
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
P30598
CHS4 plays a minor role during infection process and becomes crucial when the plant grows under optimal conditions
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
P30599
CHS4 plays a minor role during infection process and becomes crucial when the plant grows under optimal conditions
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q4P333
CHS4 plays a minor role during infection process and becomes crucial when the plant grows under optimal conditions
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q99126
CHS4 plays a minor role during infection process and becomes crucial when the plant grows under optimal conditions
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q99127
CHS4 plays a minor role during infection process and becomes crucial when the plant grows under optimal conditions
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
O13394
CHS5 is localized at the growing bud and hyphal tips, indicating that they participate in tip growth. Chs5 is important for mating tube and dikaryotic hyphae formation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
O13395
CHS5 is localized at the growing bud and hyphal tips, indicating that they participate in tip growth. Chs5 is important for mating tube and dikaryotic hyphae formation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
P30598
CHS5 is localized at the growing bud and hyphal tips, indicating that they participate in tip growth. Chs5 is important for mating tube and dikaryotic hyphae formation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
P30599
CHS5 is localized at the growing bud and hyphal tips, indicating that they participate in tip growth. Chs5 is important for mating tube and dikaryotic hyphae formation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q4P333
CHS5 is localized at the growing bud and hyphal tips, indicating that they participate in tip growth. Chs5 is important for mating tube and dikaryotic hyphae formation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q99126
CHS5 is localized at the growing bud and hyphal tips, indicating that they participate in tip growth. Chs5 is important for mating tube and dikaryotic hyphae formation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q99127
CHS5 is localized at the growing bud and hyphal tips, indicating that they participate in tip growth. Chs5 is important for mating tube and dikaryotic hyphae formation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
O13394
CHS6 is localized at the growing bud and hyphal tips, indicating that they participate in tip growth. Chs6 is important for mating tube and dikaryotic hyphae formation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
O13395
CHS6 is localized at the growing bud and hyphal tips, indicating that they participate in tip growth. Chs6 is important for mating tube and dikaryotic hyphae formation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
P30598
CHS6 is localized at the growing bud and hyphal tips, indicating that they participate in tip growth. Chs6 is important for mating tube and dikaryotic hyphae formation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
P30599
CHS6 is localized at the growing bud and hyphal tips, indicating that they participate in tip growth. Chs6 is important for mating tube and dikaryotic hyphae formation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q4P333
CHS6 is localized at the growing bud and hyphal tips, indicating that they participate in tip growth. Chs6 is important for mating tube and dikaryotic hyphae formation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q99126
CHS6 is localized at the growing bud and hyphal tips, indicating that they participate in tip growth. Chs6 is important for mating tube and dikaryotic hyphae formation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q99127
CHS6 is localized at the growing bud and hyphal tips, indicating that they participate in tip growth. Chs6 is important for mating tube and dikaryotic hyphae formation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
O13394
CHS7 is localized at the growing bud and hyphal tips, indicating that they participate in tip growth. Chs7 is important for mating tube and dikaryotic hyphae formation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
O13395
CHS7 is localized at the growing bud and hyphal tips, indicating that they participate in tip growth. Chs7 is important for mating tube and dikaryotic hyphae formation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
P30598
CHS7 is localized at the growing bud and hyphal tips, indicating that they participate in tip growth. Chs7 is important for mating tube and dikaryotic hyphae formation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
P30599
CHS7 is localized at the growing bud and hyphal tips, indicating that they participate in tip growth. Chs7 is important for mating tube and dikaryotic hyphae formation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q4P333
CHS7 is localized at the growing bud and hyphal tips, indicating that they participate in tip growth. Chs7 is important for mating tube and dikaryotic hyphae formation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q99126
CHS7 is localized at the growing bud and hyphal tips, indicating that they participate in tip growth. Chs7 is important for mating tube and dikaryotic hyphae formation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q99127
CHS7 is localized at the growing bud and hyphal tips, indicating that they participate in tip growth. Chs7 is important for mating tube and dikaryotic hyphae formation
-
-
-
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
Ca2+
Co2+
K+
Mg2+
Mn2+
Co2+
-
in stimulation of Chs2 Co2+ is twice as effective on an enzyme activated by trypsin
Co2+
-
absolute requirement for a divalent cation. Mg2+, Mn2+ or Co2+
Co2+
-
divalent cation required, chitin synthase 2 shows highest activity with chitin synthase 2
Mg2+
-
low concentration of Mg2+ at 1.0-4.0 mmol/l significantly increase CHS activity, whereas 10.0 mmol/l or higher significantly inhibit CHS enzyme activity
Mg2+
-
greatly stimulated by Mg2+, optimal concentration is 2.5 mM, half-maximal activity at 17 mM
Mg2+
-
divalent cation required for maximal activity, Mg2+ is most efficient
Mg2+
-
best stimulator of Chs1. Mg2+ and Mn2+ lead to similar maximal stimulation of Chs2
Mg2+
-
absolute requirement for a divalent cation. Mg2+, Mn2+ or Co2+. Optimum concentration for Mg2+ is 1-10 mM
Mg2+
-
the best divalent cation stimulator of chitin synthase 1 and 2
Mg2+
-
divalent cation required, chitin synthase 1 and 3 have a preference for Mg2+
Mg2+
-
significant chitin synthase activity in the presence of Mg2+ or Mn2+, even without trypsin treatment
Mn2+
-
absolute requirement for a divalent cation. Mg2+, Mn2+ or Co2+
Mn2+
-
significant chitin synthase activity in the presence of Mg2+ or Mn2+, even without trypsin treatment
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
(2R,3R,4R,5R)-2-[(1-ethylphosphonyl)-1,1-difluoromethyl]-3,4-dihydroxy-5-hydroxymethyl-pyrrolidine
-
IC50: 1.6 mM
(2R,3R,4R,5S)-2-[(1-ethylphosphonyl)-1,1-difluoromethyl]-3,4-dihydroxy-5-hydroxymethyl-pyrrolidine
-
IC50: 38 mM
(2S,3R,4R,5R)-2-[(1-ethylphosphonyl)-1,1-difluoromethyl]-3,4-dihydroxy-5-hydroxymethyl-pyrrolidine
-
IC50: 4.0 mM
1-(2,2-dibutyl-5-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-3(2H)-yl)ethanone
-
0.25 mM, about 30% residual activity
1-[2,2-dibutyl-5-(2-chlorophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-3(2H)-yl]ethanone
-
0.25 mM, about 10% residual activity
1-[2,2-dibutyl-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-3(2H)-yl]ethanone
-
0.25 mM, about 30% residual activity
1-[2,2-dibutyl-N-[(2,6-difluorophenyl)carbonyl]-5-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-3(2H)-yl]ethanone
-
0.25 mM, about 20% residual activity
1-[2,2-dibutyl-N-[(2-chlorophenyl)carbonyl]-5-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-3(2H)-yl]ethanone
-
0.25 mM, about 15% residual activity
1-[2,2-dibutyl-N-[(2-chlorophenyl)carbonyl]-5-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-3(2H)-yl]ethanone
-
0.25 mM, about 25% residual activity
2-((2-hydroxy-3-(1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,2-dihydroquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)propyl)(methyl)amino)-N,N-dipropylacetamide
-
-
2-((2-hydroxy-3-(1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,2-dihydroquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)propyl)(methyl)amino)-N-(2-nitrophenyl)acetamide
-
-
2-((2-hydroxy-3-(1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,2-dihydroquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)propyl)(methyl)amino)-N-(3-nitrophenyl)acetamide
-
-
2-((2-hydroxy-3-(1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,2-dihydroquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)propyl)(methyl)amino)-N-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetamide
-
-
2-((2-hydroxy-3-(1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,2-dihydroquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)propyl)(methyl)amino)-N-(4-methoxyphenyl)acetamide
-
-
2-((2-hydroxy-3-(1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,2-dihydroquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)propyl)(methyl)amino)-N-(4-nitrophenyl)acetamide
-
-
2-((2-hydroxy-3-(1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,2-dihydroquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)propyl)(methyl)amino)-N-(ptolyl)acetamide
-
-
2-((2-hydroxy-3-(1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,2-dihydroquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)propyl)(methyl)amino)-N-methyl-N-phenylacetamide
-
-
2-((2-hydroxy-3-(1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,2-dihydroquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)propyl)(methyl)amino)-N-phenylacetamide
-
-
3-(2-hydroxy-3-(methyl(2-oxo-2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)amino)propyl)-1-methylquinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione
-
-
5'-(N-succinyl)-5'-amino-5'-deoxyuridine methyl ester
-
inhibits the yeast enzyme, and exhibits synergistic interaction with caspofungin against Candida albicans
-
bis(5'-amino-5'-deoxyuridine) 2,2'-[(1,4-dioxobutane-1,4-diyl)diazanediyl]diacetate
-
50% inhibition at 3 mM
bis(5'-amino-5'-deoxyuridine) 4-[(carboxymethyl)amino]-4-oxobutanoate
-
-
kanakugiol
-
inhibition of chitin synthase 2 and antifungal activity of the lignan from the stem bark of Lindera erythrocarpa, overview
linderone
-
inhibition of chitin synthase 2 and antifungal activity of the lignan from the stem bark of Lindera erythrocarpa, overview
methyl 2-((2-(methyl(2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-yl)amino)ethoxy) (phenoxy)phosphorylamino)-3-phenylpropanoate
-
-
methyl 2-((2-(methyl(2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-yl)amino)ethoxy) (phenoxy)phosphorylamino)acetate
-
-
methyl 2-((2-(methyl(2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-yl)amino)ethoxy)(phenoxy)phosphorylamino)propanoate
-
-
methyl 2-((2-(methyl(6-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-yl)amino)ethoxy)(phenoxy)phosphorylamino)-3-phenylpropanoate
-
-
methyl 2-((2-(methyl(6-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-yl)amino)ethoxy)(phenoxy)phosphorylamino)acetate
-
-
methyl 2-((2-(methyl(6-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-yl)amino)ethoxy)(phenoxy)phosphorylamino)propanoate
-
-
methyl 2-((2-(methyl(6-tert-butyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-yl)amino)ethoxy)(phenoxy)phosphorylamino)-3-phenylpropanoate
-
a noncompetitive inhibitor against chitin synthase
methyl 2-((2-(methyl(6-tert-butyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-yl)amino)ethoxy)(phenoxy)phosphorylamino)acetate
-
-
methyl 2-((2-(methyl(6-tert-butyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-yl)amino)ethoxy)(phenoxy)phosphorylamino)propanoate
-
-
methyl 2-((2-(methyl(7-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-yl)amino)ethoxy)(phenoxy)phosphorylamino)-3-phenylpropanoate
-
-
methyl 2-((2-(methyl(7-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-yl)amino)ethoxy)(phenoxy)phosphorylamino)-acetate
-
-
methyl 2-((2-(methyl(7-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-yl)amino)ethoxy)(phenoxy)phosphorylamino)propanoate
-
-
methyl 2-((2-(methyl(8-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-yl)amino)ethoxy)(phenoxy)phosphorylamino)-3-phenylpropanoate
-
-
methyl 2-((2-(methyl(8-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-yl)amino)ethoxy)(phenoxy)phosphorylamino)-acetate}
-
-
methyl 2-((2-(methyl(8-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-yl)amino)ethoxy)(phenoxy)phosphorylamino)propanoate
-
-
methyl 2-(2-((2-hydroxy-3-(1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,2-dihydroquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)propyl)(methyl)amino)acetamido)benzoate
-
-
methyl 3-methyl-2-((2-(methyl(2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-yl)amino)ethoxy)(phenoxy)phosphorylamino)butanoate
-
-
methyl 3-methyl-2-((2-(methyl(6-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-yl)amino)ethoxy)(phenoxy)phosphorylamino)butanoate
-
-
methyl 3-methyl-2-((2-(methyl(6-tert-butyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-yl)amino)ethoxy)(phenoxy)phosphorylamino)butanoate
-
-
methyl 3-methyl-2-((2-(methyl(7-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-yl)amino)ethoxy)(phenoxy)phosphorylamino)butanoate
-
-
methyl 3-methyl-2-((2-(methyl(8-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-yl)amino)ethoxy)(phenoxy)phosphorylamino)butanoate
-
-
methyllinderone
-
inhibition of chitin synthase 2 and antifungal activity of the lignan from the stem bark of Lindera erythrocarpa, overview
N,N-dibenzyl-2-((2-hydroxy-3-(1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,2-dihydroquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)propyl) (methyl) amino)acetamide
-
-
N,N-diethyl-2-((2-hydroxy-3-(1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,2-dihydroquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)propyl) (methyl) amino)acetamide
-
-
N- benzyl-2-((2-hydroxy-3-(1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,2-dihydroquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)propyl)(methyl) amino)acetamide
-
-
N-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-((2-hydroxy-3-(1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,2-dihydroquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)propyl)(methyl)amino)acetamide
-
-
N-(4-(cyanomethyl)phenyl)-2-((2-hydroxy-3-(1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,2-dihydroquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)propyl)(methyl)amino)acetamide
-
-
N-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2-((2-hydroxy-3-(1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,2-dihydroquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)propyl)(methyl)amino)acetamide
-
-
N-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-((2-hydroxy-3-(1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,2-dihydroquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)propyl)(methyl)amino)acetamide
-
-
N-(tert-butyl)-2-((2-hydroxy-3-(1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,2-dihydroquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)propyl)(methyl) amino)acetamide
-
-
[5-(2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrimidin-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-ylmethyl]-carbamic acid 2-[5-(2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrimidin-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-ylmethylcarbamoyloxy]-ethyl ester
-
1 mM, 32% inhibition, competitive. IC50: 2.2 mM
[5-(2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrimidin-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-ylmethyl]-carbamic acid 2-{2-[5-(2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrimidin-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-ylmethylcarbamoyloxy]-ethoxy}-ethyl ester
-
1 mM 45% inhibition. IC50: 11.8 mM
8,20-dihydroxy-9(11),13-abietadien-12-one
a diterpene compoud isolated from leaves of Chamaecyparis pisifera, inhibits Chs1p; a diterpene compoud isolated from leaves of Chamaecyparis pisifera, inhibits Chs2p
Mg2+
-
low concentration of Mg2+ at 1.0-4.0 mmol/l significantly increase CHS activity, whereas 10.0 mmol/l or higher significantly inhibit CHS enzyme activity
Ni2+
-
inhibition of chitin synthase 1 and 2, no inhibition of chitin synthase 3
Nikkomycin
Kluyveromyces bulgaricus
-
0.015 for chitin synthetase III; IC50: 0.022 mM for chitin synthetase II; IC50: 0.032 mM for chitin synthetase I
Nikkomycin
-
competitive; competitive inhibitor of chitin synthetase 2; nikkomycin X and nikkomycin Z; nikkomycin Z is more inhibitory to chitin synthetase 1 than for chitin synthetase 2
nikkomycin Z
exposure to nikkomycin Z, a CHS inhibitor, reduces the amount of chitin in the peritrophic membrane of molted larvae
nikkomycin Z
a chitin synthase inhibitor that downregulates the expression of BmChsA and decreases the amount of epidermis chitin during the molting process
nikkomycin Z
D7NQS8, D7NQS9
competitive inhibition, presence of inhibitor leads to increased expression; competitive inhibition, presence of inhibitor leads to increased expression
O-methyl pisiferic acid
a diterpene compound isolated from leaves of Chamaecyparis pisifera, inhibition of chitin synthase 1
O-methyl pisiferic acid
; a diterpene compound isolated from leaves of Chamaecyparis pisifera, specifically inhibits Chs2p in a mixed competitive manner versus UDP-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine
Polyoxin D
-
competitive inhibitor of chitin synthetase 2; more inhibitory to chitin synthetase 1 than for chitin synthetase 2
uracil polyoxin C methyl ester
-
stereoselective synthesis routes of both the natural (C5'-S) and unnatural (C5'-R) diastereoisomers of uracil polyoxin C methyl ester as specific substrate analogue-inhibitors of chirin synthase, conjugation of the methyl ester of uracil polyoxin C with activated isoxazole carboxylic acids, detailed overview
uracil polyoxin C methyl ester
-
stereoselective synthesis routes of both the natural (C5'-S) and unnatural (C5'-R) diastereoisomers of uracil polyoxin C methyl ester as specific substrate analogue-inhibitors of chirin synthase, conjugation of the methyl ester of uracil polyoxin C with activated isoxazole carboxylic acids, detailed overview
additional information
-
purification of a soluble protein inhibitor from cytoplasm of Mucor rouxii, which forms part of the regulatory mechanism of chitin synthesis in the cells
-
additional information
-
no in vitro inhibition by polyoxin D. Inhibition of chitin synthesis by the chemicals is not due to direct inhibition of chitin synthase in Anopheles gambiae
-
additional information
-
synthesis and biological evaluation of phosphoramidate derivatives of coumarin as chitin synthase inhibitors and antifungal agents, overview
-
additional information
-
synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 3-substituted amino-4-hydroxylcoumarin derivatives as chitin synthase inhibitors and antifungal agents, overview. Most of the compounds have good inhibitory activity against CHS, in which the best compound with IC50 of 0.10 mmol/l has stronger activity than that of polyoxin B As far as the antifungal activity is concerned, most of the compounds possessed moderate to excellent activity against some representative pathogenic fungi. The most potent agent against Cryptococcus neoformans has a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.004 mg/ml. The compounds have negligible actions to some tested bacteria and are promising to develop selective antifungal agents
-
additional information
-
no inhibition by BAY SIR 8514; no inhibition by diflubenzuron
-
additional information
-
(2S,3R,4R,5S)-2-[(1-ethylphosphonyl)-1,1-difluoromethyl]-3,4-dihydroxy-5-hydroxymethyl-pyrrolidine shows no inhibition at 8 mM. 2,5-dideoxy-2,5-imino-L-iditol shows no inhibition at 5 mM
-
additional information
-
the absence of Chs4p renders CSIII functionally inactive, independently of Chs3p accumulation at the plasma membrane
-
additional information
-
no inhibition of chitin synthase 1 and 3 by methyllinderone, linderone, and kanakugiol from stem bark of Lindera erythrocarpa
-
additional information
-
design, synthesis and evaluation of 1-methyl-3-substituted quinazoline-2,4-dione derivatives as chitin synthase inhibitors and antifungal agents, NMR and mass spectrometry structure analysis, overview
-
additional information
-
no inhibition by BAY SIR 8514; no inhibition by diflubenzuron
-
additional information
-
a pH-dependent, heat-stable inhibitor is present in the soluble cytoplasm from the mycelium
-
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ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
lysophosphatidylserine
-
required, phosphatidylserine and lysophosphatidylserine are the best activators
N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine
-
stimulates CHS activity at 2.5 mM but inhibits enzyme activity at higher concentrations
N-acetyl-D-glucosamine
GlcNAc and 2-acylamido analogues of GlcNAc stimulate formation of chitin oligosaccharides by yeast chitin synthase, and GlcNAc is transferred to the 2-acylamido analogues. Synthesis of chitin oligosaccharides is strongly dependent on inclusion of GlcNAc in chitin synthase incubations. Formation of both chitin oligosaccharides and insoluble chitin is also stimulated by GlcNAc2
N-butanoyl-D-glucosamine
stimulates formation of both chitin oligosaccharides and insoluble chitin from the 2-acylamido analogues of UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine
N-Glycolyl-D-glucosamine
stimulates formation of both chitin oligosaccharides and insoluble chitin from the 2-acylamido analogues of UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine
N-propanoyl-D-glucosamine
stimulates formation of both chitin oligosaccharides and insoluble chitin from the 2-acylamido analogues of UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine
-
Phospholipid
-
required, phosphatidylserine and lysophosphatidylserine are the best activators
proteinase B
-
from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, stimulates Chs1, no effect on Chs2
-
Staphylococcus V8 protease
-
best activator of Chs2 in presence of Co2+, elicits little Mg2+-stimulatable activity
-
ATP
-
0.25 mM activates by 33%, concentrations up to 0.5 mM stimulate
Digitonin
-
chitin synthase 2 is maximally stimulated at the sharply defined digitonin to protein ratio of 0.042. Chitin synthase I is maximally active at a digitonin to protein ratio of 0.3-0.75
Digitonin
-
stimulates, both membrane-bound and dissociated chitin synthase show little activity in the absence of digitonin
phosphatidylserine
-
required, phosphatidylserine and lysophosphatidylserine are the best activators
additional information
-
Chs2 is hyperactivated by a soluble yeast protease, addition of leupeptin, a serine and cysteine protease inhibitor, almost completely abolishes the stimulatory effect, while it does not affect the activity of Chs2 or Chs2DELTAN222 by itself
-
additional information
-
blockade of endocytosis, independent of Chs4p function, stops Chs3p internalization, triggering a significant increase in chitin synthesis, overview
-
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KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
3.1
N-acetyl-D-glucosamine
-
reaction with UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine
additional information
additional information
-
Michaelis-Menten kinetics
-
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Ki VALUE [mM]
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.0009
5-((2-amino-5-O-(aminocarbonyl)-2-deoxy-L-xylonoyl)amino)-1-(5-carboxy-3,4-dihydro-2,4-dioxo-1(2H)-pyrimidinyl)-1,5-dideoxy-beta-D-allofuranuronic acid
-
chitin synthetase 1
0.096
methyl 2-((2-(methyl(6-tert-butyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-yl)amino)ethoxy)(phenoxy)phosphorylamino)-3-phenylpropanoate
-
pH 7.5, 37°C
0.005
O-methyl pisiferic acid
versus UDP-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine; versus UDP-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine
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IC50 VALUE [mM]
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
1.6
(2R,3R,4R,5R)-2-[(1-ethylphosphonyl)-1,1-difluoromethyl]-3,4-dihydroxy-5-hydroxymethyl-pyrrolidine
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
-
IC50: 1.6 mM
38
(2R,3R,4R,5S)-2-[(1-ethylphosphonyl)-1,1-difluoromethyl]-3,4-dihydroxy-5-hydroxymethyl-pyrrolidine
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
-
IC50: 38 mM
4
(2S,3R,4R,5R)-2-[(1-ethylphosphonyl)-1,1-difluoromethyl]-3,4-dihydroxy-5-hydroxymethyl-pyrrolidine
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
-
IC50: 4.0 mM
0.0079
1-[2,2-dibutyl-5-(2-chlorophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-3(2H)-yl]ethanone
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
-
-
0.0056
1-[2,2-dibutyl-N-[(2-chlorophenyl)carbonyl]-5-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-3(2H)-yl]ethanone
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
-
-
0.8
5'-(N-succinyl)-5'-amino-5'-deoxyuridine methyl ester
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
-
pH 7.5, 25°C
-
0.08
methyl 2-((2-(methyl(6-tert-butyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-yl)amino)ethoxy)(phenoxy)phosphorylamino)-3-phenylpropanoate
Candida tropicalis
-
pH 7.5, 37°C
2.2
[5-(2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrimidin-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-ylmethyl]-carbamic acid 2-[5-(2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrimidin-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-ylmethylcarbamoyloxy]-ethyl ester
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
-
1 mM, 32% inhibition, competitive. IC50: 2.2 mM
11.8
[5-(2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrimidin-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-ylmethyl]-carbamic acid 2-{2-[5-(2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrimidin-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-ylmethylcarbamoyloxy]-ethoxy}-ethyl ester
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
-
1 mM 45% inhibition. IC50: 11.8 mM
0.2264
8,20-dihydroxy-9(11),13-abietadien-12-one
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
A6ZKY2
inhibition of Chs2p
0.44
8,20-dihydroxy-9(11),13-abietadien-12-one
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
A6ZKY2
inhibition of Chs1p
0.18
Polyoxin B
Cryptococcus neoformans
-
pH and temperature not specified in the publication
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SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
0.0025
Kluyveromyces bulgaricus
-
chitin synthetase III, activity at the end of exponential growth phase
0.0028
Kluyveromyces bulgaricus
-
chitin synthetase II, activity at the end of exponential growth phase
0.008
Kluyveromyces bulgaricus
-
chitin synthetase I, activity at the end of exponential growth phase
additional information
additional information
recombinant YFP-tagged isozymes in BWP17 cells; recombinant YFP-tagged isozymes in BWP17 cells; recombinant YFP-tagged isozymes in BWP17 cells; recombinant YFP-tagged isozymes in BWP17 cells
additional information
recombinant YFP-tagged isozymes in BWP17 cells; recombinant YFP-tagged isozymes in BWP17 cells; recombinant YFP-tagged isozymes in BWP17 cells; recombinant YFP-tagged isozymes in BWP17 cells
additional information
recombinant YFP-tagged isozymes in BWP17 cells; recombinant YFP-tagged isozymes in BWP17 cells; recombinant YFP-tagged isozymes in BWP17 cells; recombinant YFP-tagged isozymes in BWP17 cells
additional information
Q5A7T2
recombinant YFP-tagged isozymes in BWP17 cells; recombinant YFP-tagged isozymes in BWP17 cells; recombinant YFP-tagged isozymes in BWP17 cells; recombinant YFP-tagged isozymes in BWP17 cells
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pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
6.2
6.5
7.5
7.5
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pH RANGE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
6.5 - 8.5
-
pH 6.5: about 85% of maximal activity, pH 8.5: about 70% of maximal activity
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TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
25
28
30
37
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TEMPERATURE RANGE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
20 - 40
-
20°C: about 80% of maximal activity, 40°C: about 55% of maximal activity
25 - 50
-
25°C: about 60% of maximal activity, 50°C: about 90% of maximal activity, chitin synthase 1
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pI VALUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
5.04
6.4
8.05
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ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
chitin synthase 2; f. sp. lycopersici, myosin motor-like chitin synthase gene chsVb
Q5YCX0
UniProt
brenda
LeChs1; an edible basidiomycetous mushroom, strain strain SB1226, gene Lechs1, isozyme LeChs1
UniProt
brenda