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Enzyme Nomenclature
Information on EC 2.4.1.16 - chitin synthase
for references in articles please use BRENDA:EC2.4.1.16
Word Map on EC 2.4.1.16
- 2.4.1.16
- fungus
- candida
- albicans
- nikkomycins
-
antifungal
- aspergillus
- hyphal
- septum
-
zymogen
-
polyoxins
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calcofluor
- chitinase
- glucans
- cuticle
- conidia
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cytokinesis
-
peritrophic
- trichophyton
- dermatophytes
- mucor
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echinocandins
- rouxii
- dermatitidis
-
exoskeleton
- microfibrils
- caspofungin
- integument
- exophiala
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mother-bud
- arthroderma
- dermatophytosis
- conidiophore
- mentagrophytes
- diflubenzuron
- castaneum
- tribolium
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septins
- beta-1,3-glucan
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chitin-binding
- phycomyces
- malassezia
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alkali-insoluble
- agriculture
- pachydermatis
- analysis
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The enzyme appears in viruses and cellular organisms
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EC NUMBER 
COMMENTARY 
2.4.1.16
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RECOMMENDED NAME
GeneOntology No.
chitin synthase
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine + [4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->]n = UDP + [4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->]n+1
UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine + [4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->]n = UDP + [4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->]n+1
mechanism
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UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine + [4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->]n = UDP + [4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->]n+1
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
hexosyl group transfer
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-
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PATHWAY
BRENDA Link
KEGG Link
MetaCyc Link
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:chitin 4-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase
Converts UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine into chitin and UDP.
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
9030-18-6
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ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
chitin synthase 2; f. sp. lycopersici, myosin motor-like chitin synthase gene chsVb
UniProt
LeChs1; an edible basidiomycetous mushroom, strain strain SB1226, gene Lechs1, isozyme LeChs1
UniProt
an edible basidiomycetous mushroom, class IV chitin synthase isozyme, gene Pochs1
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and strain ECY38-38A, isozyme CHS2p encoded by gene CHS2; and strain ECY38-38A, isozymes CHS1p and CHS3p encoded by genes CHS1 and CHS3
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the fungus contains 10 chitin synthase isozymes of different classes, overview
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i.e. Exophiala dermatitidis, strain 8656, ATCC 34100, isozyme WdChs5p
UniProt
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488635, 488640, 488644, 488654, 488659, 488666, 488669, 658577, 659776, 673420, 688579, 702573, 720092, 735750, 735772
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and strain ECY38-38A, isozyme CHS2p encoded by gene CHS2; and strain ECY38-38A, isozymes CHS1p and CHS3p encoded by genes CHS1 and CHS3
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chitin synthase 1 is examide in wild-type strain ATCC 26109 and D3C (MATalphaura3-52), chitin synthase 2 is investigated in a strain D3B freed of chitin synthase 1 by gene disruption; chitin synthetase 1 and 2
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gene chs3coding for the catalytic subunit of the chitin synthase III
SwissProt
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GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
evolution
malfunction
metabolism
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chitin production in arthropods is a complicated process and a series of biochemical pathways are involved in individual chitin polymer biosynthesis in which the terminal step is catalyzed by chitin synthase
physiological function
additional information
evolution
chitin synthase genes (chs) constitute a complex family in filamentous fungi and are involved in fungal development, morphogenesis, pathogenesis and virulence, phylogenetic analysis of chsI-VII
evolution
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chitin synthase genes (chs) constitute a complex family in filamentous fungi and are involved in fungal development, morphogenesis, pathogenesis and virulence, phylogenetic analysis of chsI-VII
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malfunction
exposure to nikkomycin Z, a CHS inhibitor, reduces the amount of chitin in the peritrophic membrane of molted larvae
malfunction
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the chs2DELTA mutant forms chained cells in which daughter cells are connected with mother cells and have abnormally thick septa at the bud neck. The chs4DELTA mutant shows remarkably reduced chitin content in its cell wall. The chs2DELTA, csm1DELTA, and csm2DELTA mutants are highly sensitive to chitin binding dyes, calcofluor white and Congo red, whereas the chs4DELTA mutant is resistant to calcofluor white. The lengths of the cellular long and short axes of populations of filamentous cells are decreased in the chs3DELTA mutant
malfunction
the Bcchs6 disruption mutant exhibits a 45.5% increasing in its chitin content when compared with the wild-type strain. In Bcchs6 mutant the expression of BcChs6 is significantly decreased, while the expression of genes BcChs2 and BcChs3a is increased when compared with wild-type. It is probable that the disruption of gene Bcchs6 provokes a compensatory mechanism regulatingthe cellular response to cell wall damage. The radial growth of Bcchs6 mutant is drastically reduced when 50% solute is removed from the regular PDA medium, and they are more sensitive to Calcofluor white and other cell wall disturbing chemicals. Pathogenicity assays on tomato leaves indicate that the mutant is significantly reduced in their ability to cause disease. The radial lesion produced by Bcchs6 mutant is almost not detected even at 6 days after inoculation, indicating the pathogenicity is drastically reduced in Bcchs6 mutant
malfunction
PdchsVII mutants have reduced virulence on citrus fruit. Disruption of gene chsVII has an effect on the expression of other isozymes during growth in liquid PDB medium. The largest increase of expression is shown in both disruption mutant strains PDMG672 and PDMG439 by gene PdchsII, which is induced up to 50fold during growth, while in strain CECT20796 it remains almost constant or even declines. Expression of PdchsIV, PdchsV and PdchsVI genes is also induced in disruption mutants compared to the parental strain. Expression of PdchsI and PdchsIII remaines at similar levels in the mutant and wild-type strains
malfunction
isozyme mutant DELTAchs-6 strain displays less chitin content, slow colony growth, and apical hyperbranching. Mycelium biomass (dry weight) is reduced in the mutant strain with reduced chitin content; mycelium biomass (dry weight) is reduced in the mutant strain with no apparent reduction in chitin content or growth rate, but less production of aerial hyphae and conidia; mycelium biomass (dry weight) is reduced in the mutant strain with no apparent reduction in chitin content or growth rate, but less production of aerial hyphae and conidia
malfunction
knockdown of BmChsA gene in third instar larvae increases the number of non-molting and abnormal molting larvae
malfunction
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the Bcchs6 disruption mutant exhibits a 45.5% increasing in its chitin content when compared with the wild-type strain. In Bcchs6 mutant the expression of BcChs6 is significantly decreased, while the expression of genes BcChs2 and BcChs3a is increased when compared with wild-type. It is probable that the disruption of gene Bcchs6 provokes a compensatory mechanism regulatingthe cellular response to cell wall damage. The radial growth of Bcchs6 mutant is drastically reduced when 50% solute is removed from the regular PDA medium, and they are more sensitive to Calcofluor white and other cell wall disturbing chemicals. Pathogenicity assays on tomato leaves indicate that the mutant is significantly reduced in their ability to cause disease. The radial lesion produced by Bcchs6 mutant is almost not detected even at 6 days after inoculation, indicating the pathogenicity is drastically reduced in Bcchs6 mutant
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malfunction
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isozyme mutant DELTAchs-6 strain displays less chitin content, slow colony growth, and apical hyperbranching. Mycelium biomass (dry weight) is reduced in the mutant strain with reduced chitin content; mycelium biomass (dry weight) is reduced in the mutant strain with no apparent reduction in chitin content or growth rate, but less production of aerial hyphae and conidia; mycelium biomass (dry weight) is reduced in the mutant strain with no apparent reduction in chitin content or growth rate, but less production of aerial hyphae and conidia
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malfunction
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PdchsVII mutants have reduced virulence on citrus fruit. Disruption of gene chsVII has an effect on the expression of other isozymes during growth in liquid PDB medium. The largest increase of expression is shown in both disruption mutant strains PDMG672 and PDMG439 by gene PdchsII, which is induced up to 50fold during growth, while in strain CECT20796 it remains almost constant or even declines. Expression of PdchsIV, PdchsV and PdchsVI genes is also induced in disruption mutants compared to the parental strain. Expression of PdchsI and PdchsIII remaines at similar levels in the mutant and wild-type strains
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malfunction
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the chs2DELTA mutant forms chained cells in which daughter cells are connected with mother cells and have abnormally thick septa at the bud neck. The chs4DELTA mutant shows remarkably reduced chitin content in its cell wall. The chs2DELTA, csm1DELTA, and csm2DELTA mutants are highly sensitive to chitin binding dyes, calcofluor white and Congo red, whereas the chs4DELTA mutant is resistant to calcofluor white. The lengths of the cellular long and short axes of populations of filamentous cells are decreased in the chs3DELTA mutant
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physiological function
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gene disruption mutant is not significantly affected in either growth characteristics or pathogenicity on tomato leaves. Mutant exhibits a 31% increase in its chitin content and displays increased sensitivity to Caclofluor White and slightly enhanced tolerance to cell-wall disturbing substances and osmosis regulators
physiological function
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mutants lacking isoform CHS7 or isoform CHS5 do not produce perithecia or cause disease on barley heads. Mutant cells form balloon-shaped hyphae and intrahyphal hyphae, their cell wall rigidity is weaker than that of wild-type
physiological function
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deletion mutants of isoform ChsB show multilayered cell walls and intrahyphal hyphae in their hyphae. ChsB functions in the formation of normal cell walls of hyphae, as well as in conidiophore and conidia development
physiological function
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specific disruption of the CHS1 gene results in a 58% reduction of chitin synthase activity, accompanied by decreases of 35% in chitin content, 22% in conidiation, and 16% in macroconidium length. The mutant strain has a growth rate comparable to that of the wild-type on PDA medium but has a 35% increase in the number of nuclear cellulae and exhibits a remarkably increased sensitivity to osmosis stresses. Mutant shows substantial changes in cell wall structures of the macroconidium, ascospore, and mycelium, with the most profound changes in the mycelium. The mutant displays significantly reduced pathogenicity on wheat spikes and seedlings
physiological function
enzyme deletion mutants are unable to form appressoria on artificial surfaces, except following the application of the exogenous inducers 1,16-hexadecanediol and cyclic adenosine monophosphate. The appressoria formed have a reduced chitin content and are often smaller and misshapen compared with the wild-type. Mutants are significantly reduced in their ability to enter rice plants, but growth in planta is not affected
physiological function
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treatment of Candida albicans with low levels of echinocandins such as caspofungin, echinocandin B, cilofungin and anidulafungin stimulates chitin synthase gene expression, increases Chs activity, elevates chitin content and reduced efficacy of these drugs. Elevation of chitin synthesis is mediated via the PKC, HOG, and Ca2+-calcineurin signalling pathways. Stimulation of isoforms Chs2p and Chs8p by activators of these pathways enables cells to survive otherwise lethal concentrations of echinocandins, even in the absence of Chs3p and the normally essential Chs1p, which synthesize the chitinous septal ring and primary septum of the fungus. Under such conditions, a novel proximally offset septum is synthesized that restores the capacity for cell division, sustaines the viability of the cell, and abrogates morphological and growth defects associated with echinocandin treatment and the chs mutations
physiological function
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in the conidia, chitin content in the cell wall of a mutant strain lacking activity of isoform csmA is less than half the amount found in the parental strain. The isoform csmB mutant strain and the isoform csmA/csmB double mutant strain do not show any modification of chitin content in their conidial cell walls. In contrast to the hydrophobic conidia of the parental strain, conidia of all of the chitin synthase mutants are hydrophilic due to the presence of an amorphous material covering the hydrophobic surface-rodlet layer. The deletion of chitin synthase genes also results in an increased susceptibility of resting and germinating conidia to echinocandins
physiological function
isoform CHS5 and CHS7 single deletion mutants and the CHS5/CHS7 double mutant grow poorly and exhibit small, hyperpigmented colonies with very little aerial mycelia as compared to the wild-type strain. The mutant strains also tend to grow into the potato dextrose agar media rather than growing evenly over the surface as compared to the wild type. The addition of 0.2 M KCl into the medium suppresses the mutant phenotype. Both isoforms are required for normal hyphal growth and maximal disease of maize seedlings and ear. Mutant strains are more sensitive to cell wall stressing compounds, e.g., Nikkomycin Z, than wild type. Mutant strains are significantly reduced in their ability to cause disease; isoform CHS5 and CHS7single deletion mutants and the CHS5/CHS7 double mutant grow poorly and exhibit small, hyperpigmented colonies with very little aerial mycelia as compared to the wild-type strain. The mutant strains also tend to grow into the potato dextrose agar media rather than growing evenly over the surface as compared to the wild type. The addition of 0.2 M KCl into the medium suppresses the mutant phenotype. Both isoforms are required for normal hyphal growth and maximal disease of maize seedlings and ear. Mutant strains are more sensitive to cell wall stressing compounds, e.g., Nikkomycin Z, than wild type. Mutant strains are significantly reduced in their ability to cause disease
physiological function
presence of alternative exons CHSA-2a and CHSA-2b. Transcripts of both exons are preferentially expressed in epidermis. Gene silencing of CHSA-2a causes incomplete molting, while silencing of CHSA-2b exclusively influences the head cuticle formation of the 3rd instar larval
physiological function
isoform Mcs1 consists of a myosin motor domain fused to a membrane-spanning chitin synthase region. Both domains are required for fungal virulence. Fungi carrying mutations in the chitin synthase domain are rapidly recognized and killed by the plant, whereas fungi carrying a deletion of the motor domain show alterations in cell wall composition but can invade host tissue and cause a moderate plant response. Mcs1-bound vesicles exhibit long-range movement for up to 20 mm at a velocity of ;1.75 microm/s. Apical Mcs1 localization depends on F-actin and the motor domain, whereas Mcs1 motility requires microtubules and persists when the Mcs1 motor domain is deleted
physiological function
isoform Chs1 protein contains N-terminal microtubule interacting and trafficking domains involved in protein recycling by endocytosis. Chitin is vital for the micro-organisms despite its very low abundance in the cell walls. It is most likely synthesized transiently at the apex of the cells before cellulose, the major cell wall component in oomycetes; isoform Chs2 protein contains N-terminal microtubule interacting and trafficking domains involved in protein recycling by endocytosis. Chitin is vital for the micro-organisms despite its very low abundance in the cell walls. It is most likely synthesized transiently at the apex of the cells before cellulose, the major cell wall component in oomycetes
physiological function
chitin synthase is the key regulatory enzyme in chitin synthesis and excretion in insects, and a specific target of insecticides. Expression of BmChsB is regulated by insect hormones, and directly affects the chitin-synthesis-dependent form of the peritrophic membrane and protects the food intake and molting process of silkworm larvae. Gene BmChsB is a midgut-specific gene induced by insect hormones and involved in protecting the food intake of Bombyx mori larvae
physiological function
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isozymes Chs2 and Chs4 may play major roles in septum formation and cell wall chitin synthesis respectively, whereas isozymes Csm1 and Csm2 are involved in the maintenance of cell wall architecture and/or cell wall integrity. Isozyme Chs3 seems to be involved in cellular morphogenesis
physiological function
enzyme BcChsVI is necessary for proper hyphal growth and pathogenicity of Botrytis cinerea on tomato leaves, the radial lesion induced by the wild-type strain B05.10 spread rapidly and totally invaded the leaf at 4 days post inoculation
physiological function
chitin synthase PdChsVII is required for development, cell wall integrity and virulence in the citrus postharvest pathogen Penicillium digitatum. Differential expression of chitin synthase genes in PdchsVII mutants in response to infection
physiological function
isozyme CHS-6 is important for apical growth and hyphal morphology, it is involved in vegetative growth; isozymes CHS-3 and CHS-5 have an important role during asexual and sexual reproduction; isozymes CHS-3 and CHS-5 have an important role during asexual and sexual reproduction
physiological function
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CHS catalyzes the transfer of sugar moieties from activated sugar donors to specific acceptors in all chitin-containing organisms
physiological function
chitin synthases transfer GlcNAc from UDP-GlcNAc to preexisting chitin chains in reactions that are typically stimulated by free GlcNAc. The enzyme is involved in biosynthesis of chitin, a homopolymer of beta-1,4-linked GlcNAc residues and a key component of fungal cell walls and the arthropod exoskeleton
physiological function
the extracellular domain ArCS1_E22 is involved in regulating the multiple enzyme activities of Ar-CS1 such as chitin synthesis and myosin movements by interaction with mineral surfaces and eventually by protein assembly. The protein complexes can locally probe the status of mineralization according to pH unless ions and pCO2 are balanced with suitable buffer substances. The intact enzyme can act as a force sensor. The shell formation is coordinated physiologically with precise adjustment of cellular activities to the structure, topography and stiffness at the mineralizing interface
physiological function
chitin synthase is the key regulatory enzyme for chitin synthesis and excretion in insects, as well as a specific target of insecticides. Chitin synthase A gene BmChsA is an epidermis-specific expressed gene during the molting stage. Expression of gene BmChsA is regulated by endocrine hormones, which directly affect the chitin synthesis-dependent epidermal regeneration and molting process. BmChsA gene expression is strongly regulated by 20-hydroxyecdysone
physiological function
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enzyme BcChsVI is necessary for proper hyphal growth and pathogenicity of Botrytis cinerea on tomato leaves, the radial lesion induced by the wild-type strain B05.10 spread rapidly and totally invaded the leaf at 4 days post inoculation
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physiological function
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mutants lacking isoform CHS7 or isoform CHS5 do not produce perithecia or cause disease on barley heads. Mutant cells form balloon-shaped hyphae and intrahyphal hyphae, their cell wall rigidity is weaker than that of wild-type
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physiological function
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isozyme CHS-6 is important for apical growth and hyphal morphology, it is involved in vegetative growth; isozymes CHS-3 and CHS-5 have an important role during asexual and sexual reproduction; isozymes CHS-3 and CHS-5 have an important role during asexual and sexual reproduction
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physiological function
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chitin synthase PdChsVII is required for development, cell wall integrity and virulence in the citrus postharvest pathogen Penicillium digitatum. Differential expression of chitin synthase genes in PdchsVII mutants in response to infection
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physiological function
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isozymes Chs2 and Chs4 may play major roles in septum formation and cell wall chitin synthesis respectively, whereas isozymes Csm1 and Csm2 are involved in the maintenance of cell wall architecture and/or cell wall integrity. Isozyme Chs3 seems to be involved in cellular morphogenesis
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additional information
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chitin content in and morphological features of wild-type and enzyme mutant cells, overview
additional information
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chitin content in and morphological features of wild-type and enzyme mutant cells, overview
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
6-O-dansyl-N-acetylglucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
?
Kluyveromyces bulgaricus
-
-
-
-
?
acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
Kluyveromyces bulgaricus
-
-
-
-
?
chitobiose + N-acetyl-D-glucosamine
UDP + 1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)x
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-GlcNAc + GlcNAc
UDP + N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1,4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + N-acetyl-D-glucosamine
UDP + 1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)2
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [(1-4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-]n
UDP + [(1-4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-]n+1
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1-)]n
UDP + [4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1-)]n+1
UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [(1-4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-]n
UDP + [(1-4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-]n+1
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [(1-4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-]n
UDP + [(1-4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-]n+1
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
key enzyme in chitin biosynthesis
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
Amylomyces rouxii IM-80 / CCUG 22422 / CBS 416.77 / CCM F-220 / DSM 1191 / ATCC 24905
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
Apodachlya sp.
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
chitin synthase B is essential for hyphal growth
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
chitin synthase 1 is involved in repair functions at the end of cytokinesis, chitin synthase 2 is responsible for the synthesis of the primary septum that separates mother and daughter cells, chitin synthase 3 is responsible for the formation of the ring where most of the cell wall chitin is located
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
deletion of chsE causes a significant decrease in the chitin content of the cell wall during early sexual development. Expression of chsE is increased by substituting glucose with lactose or by addition of 0.6 M KCl or NaCl, but affected little by substituting glucose with sodium acetate. ChsE has a mode of expression distinct from those of the other chitin synthase genes, chsA, chsB and chsC
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
subapical branching may be regulated though an interplay between chitinolytic enzymes and chitin synthases, chitin synthase B may represent the main chitin synthase activity involved in apical hyphal extension
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
the enzyme is likely to be essential to oogenesis and embryonic development
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
chitin synthase III from Candida albicans plays an important role in maintaining cell wall integrity, being essential when invading surrounding tissues. Candida albicans strains deficient in CHS7, a key regulator of chitin synthase III, exhibit morphogenetic alterations and attenuated virulence
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
Chlorovirus CVK2
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
Chlorovirus CVK2
-
chlorovirus CVK2 encodes a chitin synthase gene and produces hairy chitin polysaccharides on the infected cell surface
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
chitin
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
Q9GQ90;
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
chitin synthase activity is required for normal development of nematodes and removal of this activity delays emergency of juveniles in Meloidogyne artiellia
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
Mortierella candelabrum
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
Mortierella pusilla
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
chitin
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
existence of a unique secretory pathway based on chitosome microvesicles as the main conveyors of chitin synthetase to the cell surface
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
chitin
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
chitin
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
chitin
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
the enzyme itself is capable both of initiating chitin chains without a primer and of determining their length
at low concentrations of UDP-GlcNAc, no insoluble chitin is formed. Instead N-acetylglucosamine is incorporated into water-soluble products
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
chitin synthetase 2 is responsible for chitin synthesis in vivo, chitin synthase 1 is not essential
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
chitin synthetase 2 is the physiological agent for chitin deposition in strains with a disrupted CHS1 gene
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
chitin synthetase 2 is essential for primary septum formation, chitin synthetase 1 is a repair enzyme
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
chitin synthase III activity is required for remedial septa formation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
most chitin is synthesized by Chs3p, which deposites chitin in the lateral cell wall and in the bud-neck region during cell division. Chs3p-dependent chitin synthesis is regulated both by the level of intermediates of the UDP-GlcNAc-biosynthetic pathways and by an increase in the activity of the enzyme in the plasma membrane
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
chitin
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1-)]n
UDP + [4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1-)]n+1
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1-)]n
UDP + [4-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1-)]n+1
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
method optimzation to assay chitin synthase activity, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
ChsA and ChsC share overlapping roles in septum formation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CsmA and CsmB play compensatory roles that are essential for normal tip growth
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q2L6A0;
CsmA and CsmB play compensatory roles that are essential for normal tip growth
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
chitin synthase, CsmA contains a myosin motor-like domain
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
chs-1 is critical for eggshell production. Complete loss of function in a chs-1 deletion results in embryos that lack chitin in their eggshells and fail to divide
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
knocking down chs-2 by RNAi causes a defect in the pharynx and leads to L1 larval arrest, indicating that chitin is involved in the development and function of the pharynx
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
chitin synthesis and hydrolysis are not coupled, but both are regulated during yeast - hyphe morphogenesis in Candida albicans
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
class II CaChs1p is involved in septum formation in both the yeast and hyphal forms and for cell integrity
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the hyphal-specific chitin synthase gene CHS2 is not essential for growth, dimorphism, or virulence. The class I CaChs2p enzyme is responsible for part of the hyphal chitin
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
shape and integrity of fungal cells is dependent on the skeletal polysaccharides in their cell walls of which beta-1,3-glucan and chitin are of principle importance, individual chitin synthase enzymes synthesize microfibrils of differing structure at specific locations in the Candida albicans cell wall, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
shape and integrity of fungal cells is dependent on the skeletal polysaccharides in their cell walls of which beta-1,3-glucan and chitin are of principle importance, individual chitin synthase enzymes synthesize microfibrils of differing structure at specific locations in the Candida albicans cell wall, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
shape and integrity of fungal cells is dependent on the skeletal polysaccharides in their cell walls of which beta-1,3-glucan and chitin are of principle importance, individual chitin synthase enzymes synthesize microfibrils of differing structure at specific locations in the Candida albicans cell wall, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q5A7T2;
shape and integrity of fungal cells is dependent on the skeletal polysaccharides in their cell walls of which beta-1,3-glucan and chitin are of principle importance, individual chitin synthase enzymes synthesize microfibrils of differing structure at specific locations in the Candida albicans cell wall, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the chitin synthase with a myosin-like motor domain is essential for hyphal growth, appressorium differentiation, and pathogenicity of the maize anthracnose fungus Colletotrichum graminicola, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
the chitin synthase with a myosin-like motor domain is essential for hyphal growth, appressorium differentiation, and pathogenicity of the maize anthracnose fungus Colletotrichum graminicola, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
the chitin synthase with a myosin-like motor domain is essential for hyphal growth, appressorium differentiation, and pathogenicity of the maize anthracnose fungus Colletotrichum graminicola, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
CHS3 is the most important chitin synthase for vegetative growth. Deletion of chs3 gene leads to cell death at 37°C
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS3 is the most important chitin synthase for vegetative growth. Deletion of chs3 gene leads to cell death at 37°C
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
insect development is dependent on the precisely tuned expression of chitin synthase genes. Ecdysterone has a regulatory role on CHS-1 (DmeChSB) and CHS-2
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
WdChs1p is more responsible than WdChs2p for normal yeast cell reproductive growth because strains with defects in the latter exhibited no morphological abnormalities, whereas those with defects in WdChs1p are frequently impaired in one or more yeast developmental processes
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
class V chitin synthase is required for sustained cell growth at the temperature of infection, 37°C, with increased WdCHS5 mRNA synthesis being the major factor responsible for the increased WdCHS5 transcript
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
class VII chitin synthase involved in septation is critical for pathogenicity in Fusarium oxysporum, gene chsVb is likely to function in polarized growth and confirm the critical importance of cell wall integrity in the complex infection process of this fungus, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
MsCHS1 appears to be inversely regulated because its mRNA is detectable only during the molt at the time when tracheal growth occurs at the basal site of the midgut
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
MsCHS1 appears to be inversely regulated because its mRNA is detectable only during the molt at the time when tracheal growth occurs at the basal site of the midgut
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
MsCHS1 appears to be inversely regulated because its mRNA is detectable only during the molt at the time when tracheal growth occurs at the basal site of the midgut
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
chitin synthesis is controlled by an intestinal proteolytic signalling cascade linking chitin synthase activity to the nutritional state of the larvae, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS2 interacts with the extracellular chymotrypsin-like protease CTLP1 in the midgut, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
Chs4p (Cal2/Csd4/Skt5) is a protein factor physically interacting with Chs3p, the catalytic subunit of chitin synthase III (CSIII), and is indispensable for its enzymatic activity in vivo. Abolition of Chs4p prenylation causes about 60% decrease in CSIII activity, which is correlated with about 30% decrease in chitin content. Lack of Chs4p prenylation decreases the average chain length of the chitin polymer
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
Chs2 synthesizes the primary septum after mitosis is completed. It is essential for proper cell separation and expected to be highly regulated. Chs2 is hyperactivated by a soluble yeast protease, which is expressed during logarithmic growth phase, when budding cells require Chs2 activity
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
Chs4p is required for chitin synthase III activity and hence for chitin synthesis
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
proper CSIII turnover is maintained through the endocytic internalization of Chs3p, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
formation of chitin oligosaccharides and insoluble chitin, and by replacing GlcNAc with 2-acylamido analogues of GlcNAc. Synthesis of chitin oligosaccharides is strongly dependent on inclusion of GlcNAc in chitin synthase incubations, and N,N'-diacetylchitobiose is the major reaction product. Formation of both chitin oligosaccharides and insoluble chitin is also stimulated by GlcNAc2 and by N-propanoyl-, N-butanoyl-, and N-glycolylglucosamine
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
Chs2 synthesizes the primary septum after mitosis is completed. It is essential for proper cell separation and expected to be highly regulated. Chs2 is hyperactivated by a soluble yeast protease, which is expressed during logarithmic growth phase, when budding cells require Chs2 activity
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
chitin synthase B is very important in midgut formation and development
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
the enzyme is involved in larval development, and is important for the growth and development of cuticles and trachea in the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is involved in larval development, and is important for the growth and development of cuticles and trachea in the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Chitin synthases are large membrane proteins that catalyze the polymerization of N-acetylglucosamine into chitin, a major component of the exoskeletons and peritrophic membranes of insects
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
Chitin synthases are large membrane proteins that catalyze the polymerization of N-acetylglucosamine into chitin, a major component of the exoskeletons and peritrophic membranes of insects
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
RNAi-mediated down-regulation of TcCHS2, but not TcCHS1, leads to cessation of feeding, a dramatic shrinkage in larval size and reduced chitin content in the midgut
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
splice variant 8a of TcCHS1 is required for both the larval-pupal and pupal-adult moults, whereas splice variant 8b is required only for the latter
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
chitin, synthesized by chitin synthase, is essential for the structural integrity of the exoskeletal cuticle and midgut peritrophic membrane of insects
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q6WD23;
chitin, synthesized by chitin synthase, is essential for the structural integrity of the exoskeletal cuticle and midgut peritrophic membrane of insects
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS catalyzes the synthesis of chitin, the beta-1,4-linked polymer of N-acetylglucosamine
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q6WD23;
CHS catalyzes the synthesis of chitin, the beta-1,4-linked polymer of N-acetylglucosamine
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS1 supports the tip growth of yeastlike cells
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS1 supports the tip growth of yeastlike cells
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS1 supports the tip growth of yeastlike cells
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS1 supports the tip growth of yeastlike cells
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS1 supports the tip growth of yeastlike cells
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS1 supports the tip growth of yeastlike cells
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS1 supports the tip growth of yeastlike cells
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS2 plays a minor role during infection process and becomes crucial when the plant grows under optimal conditions
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS2 plays a minor role during infection process and becomes crucial when the plant grows under optimal conditions
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS2 plays a minor role during infection process and becomes crucial when the plant grows under optimal conditions
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS2 plays a minor role during infection process and becomes crucial when the plant grows under optimal conditions
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS2 plays a minor role during infection process and becomes crucial when the plant grows under optimal conditions
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS2 plays a minor role during infection process and becomes crucial when the plant grows under optimal conditions
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS2 plays a minor role during infection process and becomes crucial when the plant grows under optimal conditions
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS3 plays a minor role during infection process and becomes crucial when the plant grows under optimal conditions
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS3 plays a minor role during infection process and becomes crucial when the plant grows under optimal conditions
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS3 plays a minor role during infection process and becomes crucial when the plant grows under optimal conditions
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS3 plays a minor role during infection process and becomes crucial when the plant grows under optimal conditions
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS3 plays a minor role during infection process and becomes crucial when the plant grows under optimal conditions
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS3 plays a minor role during infection process and becomes crucial when the plant grows under optimal conditions
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS3 plays a minor role during infection process and becomes crucial when the plant grows under optimal conditions
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS4 plays a minor role during infection process and becomes crucial when the plant grows under optimal conditions
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS4 plays a minor role during infection process and becomes crucial when the plant grows under optimal conditions
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS4 plays a minor role during infection process and becomes crucial when the plant grows under optimal conditions
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS4 plays a minor role during infection process and becomes crucial when the plant grows under optimal conditions
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS4 plays a minor role during infection process and becomes crucial when the plant grows under optimal conditions
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS4 plays a minor role during infection process and becomes crucial when the plant grows under optimal conditions
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS4 plays a minor role during infection process and becomes crucial when the plant grows under optimal conditions
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS5 is localized at the growing bud and hyphal tips, indicating that they participate in tip growth. Chs5 is important for mating tube and dikaryotic hyphae formation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS5 is localized at the growing bud and hyphal tips, indicating that they participate in tip growth. Chs5 is important for mating tube and dikaryotic hyphae formation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS5 is localized at the growing bud and hyphal tips, indicating that they participate in tip growth. Chs5 is important for mating tube and dikaryotic hyphae formation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS5 is localized at the growing bud and hyphal tips, indicating that they participate in tip growth. Chs5 is important for mating tube and dikaryotic hyphae formation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS5 is localized at the growing bud and hyphal tips, indicating that they participate in tip growth. Chs5 is important for mating tube and dikaryotic hyphae formation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS5 is localized at the growing bud and hyphal tips, indicating that they participate in tip growth. Chs5 is important for mating tube and dikaryotic hyphae formation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS5 is localized at the growing bud and hyphal tips, indicating that they participate in tip growth. Chs5 is important for mating tube and dikaryotic hyphae formation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS6 is localized at the growing bud and hyphal tips, indicating that they participate in tip growth. Chs6 is important for mating tube and dikaryotic hyphae formation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS6 is localized at the growing bud and hyphal tips, indicating that they participate in tip growth. Chs6 is important for mating tube and dikaryotic hyphae formation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS6 is localized at the growing bud and hyphal tips, indicating that they participate in tip growth. Chs6 is important for mating tube and dikaryotic hyphae formation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS6 is localized at the growing bud and hyphal tips, indicating that they participate in tip growth. Chs6 is important for mating tube and dikaryotic hyphae formation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS6 is localized at the growing bud and hyphal tips, indicating that they participate in tip growth. Chs6 is important for mating tube and dikaryotic hyphae formation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS6 is localized at the growing bud and hyphal tips, indicating that they participate in tip growth. Chs6 is important for mating tube and dikaryotic hyphae formation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS6 is localized at the growing bud and hyphal tips, indicating that they participate in tip growth. Chs6 is important for mating tube and dikaryotic hyphae formation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS7 is localized at the growing bud and hyphal tips, indicating that they participate in tip growth. Chs7 is important for mating tube and dikaryotic hyphae formation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS7 is localized at the growing bud and hyphal tips, indicating that they participate in tip growth. Chs7 is important for mating tube and dikaryotic hyphae formation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS7 is localized at the growing bud and hyphal tips, indicating that they participate in tip growth. Chs7 is important for mating tube and dikaryotic hyphae formation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS7 is localized at the growing bud and hyphal tips, indicating that they participate in tip growth. Chs7 is important for mating tube and dikaryotic hyphae formation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS7 is localized at the growing bud and hyphal tips, indicating that they participate in tip growth. Chs7 is important for mating tube and dikaryotic hyphae formation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS7 is localized at the growing bud and hyphal tips, indicating that they participate in tip growth. Chs7 is important for mating tube and dikaryotic hyphae formation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
CHS7 is localized at the growing bud and hyphal tips, indicating that they participate in tip growth. Chs7 is important for mating tube and dikaryotic hyphae formation
-
-
-
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
NATURAL SUBSTRATES
NATURAL PRODUCTS
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
R4I3H8
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
R4I3H8
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
P14180
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
key enzyme in chitin biosynthesis
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
chitin synthase B is essential for hyphal growth
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
chitin synthase 1 is involved in repair functions at the end of cytokinesis, chitin synthase 2 is responsible for the synthesis of the primary septum that separates mother and daughter cells, chitin synthase 3 is responsible for the formation of the ring where most of the cell wall chitin is located
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
P78611
deletion of chsE causes a significant decrease in the chitin content of the cell wall during early sexual development. Expression of chsE is increased by substituting glucose with lactose or by addition of 0.6 M KCl or NaCl, but affected little by substituting glucose with sodium acetate. ChsE has a mode of expression distinct from those of the other chitin synthase genes, chsA, chsB and chsC
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
subapical branching may be regulated though an interplay between chitinolytic enzymes and chitin synthases, chitin synthase B may represent the main chitin synthase activity involved in apical hyphal extension
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
Q9GQC3
the enzyme is likely to be essential to oogenesis and embryonic development
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
chitin synthase III from Candida albicans plays an important role in maintaining cell wall integrity, being essential when invading surrounding tissues. Candida albicans strains deficient in CHS7, a key regulator of chitin synthase III, exhibit morphogenetic alterations and attenuated virulence
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
Chlorovirus CVK2
-
chlorovirus CVK2 encodes a chitin synthase gene and produces hairy chitin polysaccharides on the infected cell surface
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
chitin synthase activity is required for normal development of nematodes and removal of this activity delays emergency of juveniles in Meloidogyne artiellia
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
existence of a unique secretory pathway based on chitosome microvesicles as the main conveyors of chitin synthetase to the cell surface
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
chitin synthetase 2 is responsible for chitin synthesis in vivo, chitin synthase 1 is not essential
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
chitin synthetase 2 is the physiological agent for chitin deposition in strains with a disrupted CHS1 gene
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
-
chitin synthetase 2 is essential for primary septum formation, chitin synthetase 1 is a repair enzyme
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n
UDP + [1,4-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl)]n+1
P29465
chitin synthase III activity is required for remedial septa formation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
P30583
ChsA and ChsC share overlapping roles in septum formation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
O13281
CsmA and CsmB play compensatory roles that are essential for normal tip growth
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q2L6A0
CsmA and CsmB play compensatory roles that are essential for normal tip growth
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
chs-1 is critical for eggshell production. Complete loss of function in a chs-1 deletion results in embryos that lack chitin in their eggshells and fail to divide
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
knocking down chs-2 by RNAi causes a defect in the pharynx and leads to L1 larval arrest, indicating that chitin is involved in the development and function of the pharynx
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
chitin synthesis and hydrolysis are not coupled, but both are regulated during yeast - hyphe morphogenesis in Candida albicans
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
class II CaChs1p is involved in septum formation in both the yeast and hyphal forms and for cell integrity
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the hyphal-specific chitin synthase gene CHS2 is not essential for growth, dimorphism, or virulence. The class I CaChs2p enzyme is responsible for part of the hyphal chitin
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
P23316
shape and integrity of fungal cells is dependent on the skeletal polysaccharides in their cell walls of which beta-1,3-glucan and chitin are of principle importance, individual chitin synthase enzymes synthesize microfibrils of differing structure at specific locations in the Candida albicans cell wall, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
P30572
shape and integrity of fungal cells is dependent on the skeletal polysaccharides in their cell walls of which beta-1,3-glucan and chitin are of principle importance, individual chitin synthase enzymes synthesize microfibrils of differing structure at specific locations in the Candida albicans cell wall, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
P30573
shape and integrity of fungal cells is dependent on the skeletal polysaccharides in their cell walls of which beta-1,3-glucan and chitin are of principle importance, individual chitin synthase enzymes synthesize microfibrils of differing structure at specific locations in the Candida albicans cell wall, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q5A7T2
shape and integrity of fungal cells is dependent on the skeletal polysaccharides in their cell walls of which beta-1,3-glucan and chitin are of principle importance, individual chitin synthase enzymes synthesize microfibrils of differing structure at specific locations in the Candida albicans cell wall, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the chitin synthase with a myosin-like motor domain is essential for hyphal growth, appressorium differentiation, and pathogenicity of the maize anthracnose fungus Colletotrichum graminicola, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q8TFN5
the chitin synthase with a myosin-like motor domain is essential for hyphal growth, appressorium differentiation, and pathogenicity of the maize anthracnose fungus Colletotrichum graminicola, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q8TFN6
the chitin synthase with a myosin-like motor domain is essential for hyphal growth, appressorium differentiation, and pathogenicity of the maize anthracnose fungus Colletotrichum graminicola, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
CHS3 is the most important chitin synthase for vegetative growth. Deletion of chs3 gene leads to cell death at 37°C
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q5KCU4
CHS3 is the most important chitin synthase for vegetative growth. Deletion of chs3 gene leads to cell death at 37°C
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
insect development is dependent on the precisely tuned expression of chitin synthase genes. Ecdysterone has a regulatory role on CHS-1 (DmeChSB) and CHS-2
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
P30600
WdChs1p is more responsible than WdChs2p for normal yeast cell reproductive growth because strains with defects in the latter exhibited no morphological abnormalities, whereas those with defects in WdChs1p are frequently impaired in one or more yeast developmental processes
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q8TGV2
class V chitin synthase is required for sustained cell growth at the temperature of infection, 37°C, with increased WdCHS5 mRNA synthesis being the major factor responsible for the increased WdCHS5 transcript
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q5YCX0
class VII chitin synthase involved in septation is critical for pathogenicity in Fusarium oxysporum, gene chsVb is likely to function in polarized growth and confirm the critical importance of cell wall integrity in the complex infection process of this fungus, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
MsCHS1 appears to be inversely regulated because its mRNA is detectable only during the molt at the time when tracheal growth occurs at the basal site of the midgut
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q530Z6
MsCHS1 appears to be inversely regulated because its mRNA is detectable only during the molt at the time when tracheal growth occurs at the basal site of the midgut
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q8T4U2
MsCHS1 appears to be inversely regulated because its mRNA is detectable only during the molt at the time when tracheal growth occurs at the basal site of the midgut
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q530Z6
chitin synthesis is controlled by an intestinal proteolytic signalling cascade linking chitin synthase activity to the nutritional state of the larvae, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
Chs4p (Cal2/Csd4/Skt5) is a protein factor physically interacting with Chs3p, the catalytic subunit of chitin synthase III (CSIII), and is indispensable for its enzymatic activity in vivo. Abolition of Chs4p prenylation causes about 60% decrease in CSIII activity, which is correlated with about 30% decrease in chitin content. Lack of Chs4p prenylation decreases the average chain length of the chitin polymer
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
Chs2 synthesizes the primary septum after mitosis is completed. It is essential for proper cell separation and expected to be highly regulated. Chs2 is hyperactivated by a soluble yeast protease, which is expressed during logarithmic growth phase, when budding cells require Chs2 activity
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
Chs4p is required for chitin synthase III activity and hence for chitin synthesis
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
Chs2 synthesizes the primary septum after mitosis is completed. It is essential for proper cell separation and expected to be highly regulated. Chs2 is hyperactivated by a soluble yeast protease, which is expressed during logarithmic growth phase, when budding cells require Chs2 activity
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q06BR7
chitin synthase B is very important in midgut formation and development
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q3I5Q4
the enzyme is involved in larval development, and is important for the growth and development of cuticles and trachea in the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is involved in larval development, and is important for the growth and development of cuticles and trachea in the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q6WD22
RNAi-mediated down-regulation of TcCHS2, but not TcCHS1, leads to cessation of feeding, a dramatic shrinkage in larval size and reduced chitin content in the midgut
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q6WD22
splice variant 8a of TcCHS1 is required for both the larval-pupal and pupal-adult moults, whereas splice variant 8b is required only for the latter
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q6WD22
chitin, synthesized by chitin synthase, is essential for the structural integrity of the exoskeletal cuticle and midgut peritrophic membrane of insects
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q6WD23
chitin, synthesized by chitin synthase, is essential for the structural integrity of the exoskeletal cuticle and midgut peritrophic membrane of insects
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
O13394
CHS1 supports the tip growth of yeastlike cells
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
O13395
CHS1 supports the tip growth of yeastlike cells
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
P30598
CHS1 supports the tip growth of yeastlike cells
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
P30599
CHS1 supports the tip growth of yeastlike cells
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q4P333
CHS1 supports the tip growth of yeastlike cells
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q99126
CHS1 supports the tip growth of yeastlike cells
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q99127
CHS1 supports the tip growth of yeastlike cells
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
O13394
CHS2 plays a minor role during infection process and becomes crucial when the plant grows under optimal conditions
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
O13395
CHS2 plays a minor role during infection process and becomes crucial when the plant grows under optimal conditions
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
P30598
CHS2 plays a minor role during infection process and becomes crucial when the plant grows under optimal conditions
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
P30599
CHS2 plays a minor role during infection process and becomes crucial when the plant grows under optimal conditions
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q4P333
CHS2 plays a minor role during infection process and becomes crucial when the plant grows under optimal conditions
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q99126
CHS2 plays a minor role during infection process and becomes crucial when the plant grows under optimal conditions
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q99127
CHS2 plays a minor role during infection process and becomes crucial when the plant grows under optimal conditions
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
O13394
CHS3 plays a minor role during infection process and becomes crucial when the plant grows under optimal conditions
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
O13395
CHS3 plays a minor role during infection process and becomes crucial when the plant grows under optimal conditions
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
P30598
CHS3 plays a minor role during infection process and becomes crucial when the plant grows under optimal conditions
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
P30599
CHS3 plays a minor role during infection process and becomes crucial when the plant grows under optimal conditions
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q4P333
CHS3 plays a minor role during infection process and becomes crucial when the plant grows under optimal conditions
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q99126
CHS3 plays a minor role during infection process and becomes crucial when the plant grows under optimal conditions
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q99127
CHS3 plays a minor role during infection process and becomes crucial when the plant grows under optimal conditions
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
O13394
CHS4 plays a minor role during infection process and becomes crucial when the plant grows under optimal conditions
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
O13395
CHS4 plays a minor role during infection process and becomes crucial when the plant grows under optimal conditions
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
P30598
CHS4 plays a minor role during infection process and becomes crucial when the plant grows under optimal conditions
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
P30599
CHS4 plays a minor role during infection process and becomes crucial when the plant grows under optimal conditions
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q4P333
CHS4 plays a minor role during infection process and becomes crucial when the plant grows under optimal conditions
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q99126
CHS4 plays a minor role during infection process and becomes crucial when the plant grows under optimal conditions
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q99127
CHS4 plays a minor role during infection process and becomes crucial when the plant grows under optimal conditions
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
O13394
CHS5 is localized at the growing bud and hyphal tips, indicating that they participate in tip growth. Chs5 is important for mating tube and dikaryotic hyphae formation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
O13395
CHS5 is localized at the growing bud and hyphal tips, indicating that they participate in tip growth. Chs5 is important for mating tube and dikaryotic hyphae formation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
P30598
CHS5 is localized at the growing bud and hyphal tips, indicating that they participate in tip growth. Chs5 is important for mating tube and dikaryotic hyphae formation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
P30599
CHS5 is localized at the growing bud and hyphal tips, indicating that they participate in tip growth. Chs5 is important for mating tube and dikaryotic hyphae formation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q4P333
CHS5 is localized at the growing bud and hyphal tips, indicating that they participate in tip growth. Chs5 is important for mating tube and dikaryotic hyphae formation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q99126
CHS5 is localized at the growing bud and hyphal tips, indicating that they participate in tip growth. Chs5 is important for mating tube and dikaryotic hyphae formation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q99127
CHS5 is localized at the growing bud and hyphal tips, indicating that they participate in tip growth. Chs5 is important for mating tube and dikaryotic hyphae formation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
O13394
CHS6 is localized at the growing bud and hyphal tips, indicating that they participate in tip growth. Chs6 is important for mating tube and dikaryotic hyphae formation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
O13395
CHS6 is localized at the growing bud and hyphal tips, indicating that they participate in tip growth. Chs6 is important for mating tube and dikaryotic hyphae formation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
P30598
CHS6 is localized at the growing bud and hyphal tips, indicating that they participate in tip growth. Chs6 is important for mating tube and dikaryotic hyphae formation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
P30599
CHS6 is localized at the growing bud and hyphal tips, indicating that they participate in tip growth. Chs6 is important for mating tube and dikaryotic hyphae formation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q4P333
CHS6 is localized at the growing bud and hyphal tips, indicating that they participate in tip growth. Chs6 is important for mating tube and dikaryotic hyphae formation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q99126
CHS6 is localized at the growing bud and hyphal tips, indicating that they participate in tip growth. Chs6 is important for mating tube and dikaryotic hyphae formation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q99127
CHS6 is localized at the growing bud and hyphal tips, indicating that they participate in tip growth. Chs6 is important for mating tube and dikaryotic hyphae formation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
O13394
CHS7 is localized at the growing bud and hyphal tips, indicating that they participate in tip growth. Chs7 is important for mating tube and dikaryotic hyphae formation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
O13395
CHS7 is localized at the growing bud and hyphal tips, indicating that they participate in tip growth. Chs7 is important for mating tube and dikaryotic hyphae formation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
P30598
CHS7 is localized at the growing bud and hyphal tips, indicating that they participate in tip growth. Chs7 is important for mating tube and dikaryotic hyphae formation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
P30599
CHS7 is localized at the growing bud and hyphal tips, indicating that they participate in tip growth. Chs7 is important for mating tube and dikaryotic hyphae formation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q4P333
CHS7 is localized at the growing bud and hyphal tips, indicating that they participate in tip growth. Chs7 is important for mating tube and dikaryotic hyphae formation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q99126
CHS7 is localized at the growing bud and hyphal tips, indicating that they participate in tip growth. Chs7 is important for mating tube and dikaryotic hyphae formation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q99127
CHS7 is localized at the growing bud and hyphal tips, indicating that they participate in tip growth. Chs7 is important for mating tube and dikaryotic hyphae formation
-
-
-
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
Ca2+
Co2+
K+
Mg2+
Mn2+
Co2+
-
in stimulation of Chs2 Co2+ is twice as effective on an enzyme activated by trypsin
Co2+
-
absolute requirement for a divalent cation. Mg2+, Mn2+ or Co2+
Co2+
-
divalent cation required, chitin synthase 2 shows highest activity with chitin synthase 2
Mg2+
-
low concentration of Mg2+ at 1.0-4.0 mmol/l significantly increase CHS activity, whereas 10.0 mmol/l or higher significantly inhibit CHS enzyme activity
Mg2+
-
greatly stimulated by Mg2+, optimal concentration is 2.5 mM, half-maximal activity at 17 mM
Mg2+
-
divalent cation required for maximal activity, Mg2+ is most efficient
Mg2+
-
best stimulator of Chs1. Mg2+ and Mn2+ lead to similar maximal stimulation of Chs2
Mg2+
-
absolute requirement for a divalent cation. Mg2+, Mn2+ or Co2+. Optimum concentration for Mg2+ is 1-10 mM
Mg2+
-
the best divalent cation stimulator of chitin synthase 1 and 2
Mg2+
-
divalent cation required, chitin synthase 1 and 3 have a preference for Mg2+
Mg2+
-
significant chitin synthase activity in the presence of Mg2+ or Mn2+, even without trypsin treatment
Mn2+
-
absolute requirement for a divalent cation. Mg2+, Mn2+ or Co2+
Mn2+
-
significant chitin synthase activity in the presence of Mg2+ or Mn2+, even without trypsin treatment
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
INHIBITORS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
(2R,3R,4R,5R)-2-[(1-ethylphosphonyl)-1,1-difluoromethyl]-3,4-dihydroxy-5-hydroxymethyl-pyrrolidine
-
IC50: 1.6 mM
(2R,3R,4R,5S)-2-[(1-ethylphosphonyl)-1,1-difluoromethyl]-3,4-dihydroxy-5-hydroxymethyl-pyrrolidine
-
IC50: 38 mM
(2S,3R,4R,5R)-2-[(1-ethylphosphonyl)-1,1-difluoromethyl]-3,4-dihydroxy-5-hydroxymethyl-pyrrolidine
-
IC50: 4.0 mM
1-(2,2-dibutyl-5-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-3(2H)-yl)ethanone
-
0.25 mM, about 30% residual activity
1-[2,2-dibutyl-5-(2-chlorophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-3(2H)-yl]ethanone
-
0.25 mM, about 10% residual activity
1-[2,2-dibutyl-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-3(2H)-yl]ethanone
-
0.25 mM, about 30% residual activity
1-[2,2-dibutyl-N-[(2,6-difluorophenyl)carbonyl]-5-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-3(2H)-yl]ethanone
-
0.25 mM, about 20% residual activity
1-[2,2-dibutyl-N-[(2-chlorophenyl)carbonyl]-5-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-3(2H)-yl]ethanone
-
0.25 mM, about 15% residual activity
1-[2,2-dibutyl-N-[(2-chlorophenyl)carbonyl]-5-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-3(2H)-yl]ethanone
-
0.25 mM, about 25% residual activity
2-((2-hydroxy-3-(1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,2-dihydroquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)propyl)(methyl)amino)-N,N-dipropylacetamide
-
-
2-((2-hydroxy-3-(1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,2-dihydroquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)propyl)(methyl)amino)-N-(2-nitrophenyl)acetamide
-
-
2-((2-hydroxy-3-(1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,2-dihydroquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)propyl)(methyl)amino)-N-(3-nitrophenyl)acetamide
-
-
2-((2-hydroxy-3-(1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,2-dihydroquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)propyl)(methyl)amino)-N-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetamide
-
-
2-((2-hydroxy-3-(1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,2-dihydroquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)propyl)(methyl)amino)-N-(4-methoxyphenyl)acetamide
-
-
2-((2-hydroxy-3-(1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,2-dihydroquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)propyl)(methyl)amino)-N-(4-nitrophenyl)acetamide
-
-
2-((2-hydroxy-3-(1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,2-dihydroquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)propyl)(methyl)amino)-N-(ptolyl)acetamide
-
-
2-((2-hydroxy-3-(1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,2-dihydroquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)propyl)(methyl)amino)-N-methyl-N-phenylacetamide
-
-
2-((2-hydroxy-3-(1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,2-dihydroquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)propyl)(methyl)amino)-N-phenylacetamide
-
-
3-(2-hydroxy-3-(methyl(2-oxo-2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)amino)propyl)-1-methylquinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione
-
-
5'-(N-succinyl)-5'-amino-5'-deoxyuridine methyl ester
-
inhibits the yeast enzyme, and exhibits synergistic interaction with caspofungin against Candida albicans
-
bis(5'-amino-5'-deoxyuridine) 2,2'-[(1,4-dioxobutane-1,4-diyl)diazanediyl]diacetate
-
50% inhibition at 3 mM
bis(5'-amino-5'-deoxyuridine) 4-[(carboxymethyl)amino]-4-oxobutanoate
-
-
kanakugiol
-
inhibition of chitin synthase 2 and antifungal activity of the lignan from the stem bark of Lindera erythrocarpa, overview
linderone
-
inhibition of chitin synthase 2 and antifungal activity of the lignan from the stem bark of Lindera erythrocarpa, overview
methyl 2-((2-(methyl(2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-yl)amino)ethoxy) (phenoxy)phosphorylamino)-3-phenylpropanoate
-
-
methyl 2-((2-(methyl(2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-yl)amino)ethoxy) (phenoxy)phosphorylamino)acetate
-
-
methyl 2-((2-(methyl(2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-yl)amino)ethoxy)(phenoxy)phosphorylamino)propanoate
-
-
methyl 2-((2-(methyl(6-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-yl)amino)ethoxy)(phenoxy)phosphorylamino)-3-phenylpropanoate
-
-
methyl 2-((2-(methyl(6-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-yl)amino)ethoxy)(phenoxy)phosphorylamino)acetate
-
-
methyl 2-((2-(methyl(6-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-yl)amino)ethoxy)(phenoxy)phosphorylamino)propanoate
-
-
methyl 2-((2-(methyl(6-tert-butyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-yl)amino)ethoxy)(phenoxy)phosphorylamino)-3-phenylpropanoate
-
a noncompetitive inhibitor against chitin synthase
methyl 2-((2-(methyl(6-tert-butyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-yl)amino)ethoxy)(phenoxy)phosphorylamino)acetate
-
-
methyl 2-((2-(methyl(6-tert-butyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-yl)amino)ethoxy)(phenoxy)phosphorylamino)propanoate
-
-
methyl 2-((2-(methyl(7-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-yl)amino)ethoxy)(phenoxy)phosphorylamino)-3-phenylpropanoate
-
-
methyl 2-((2-(methyl(7-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-yl)amino)ethoxy)(phenoxy)phosphorylamino)-acetate
-
-
methyl 2-((2-(methyl(7-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-yl)amino)ethoxy)(phenoxy)phosphorylamino)propanoate
-
-
methyl 2-((2-(methyl(8-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-yl)amino)ethoxy)(phenoxy)phosphorylamino)-3-phenylpropanoate
-
-
methyl 2-((2-(methyl(8-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-yl)amino)ethoxy)(phenoxy)phosphorylamino)-acetate}
-
-
methyl 2-((2-(methyl(8-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-yl)amino)ethoxy)(phenoxy)phosphorylamino)propanoate
-
-
methyl 2-(2-((2-hydroxy-3-(1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,2-dihydroquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)propyl)(methyl)amino)acetamido)benzoate
-
-
methyl 3-methyl-2-((2-(methyl(2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-yl)amino)ethoxy)(phenoxy)phosphorylamino)butanoate
-
-
methyl 3-methyl-2-((2-(methyl(6-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-yl)amino)ethoxy)(phenoxy)phosphorylamino)butanoate
-
-
methyl 3-methyl-2-((2-(methyl(6-tert-butyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-yl)amino)ethoxy)(phenoxy)phosphorylamino)butanoate
-
-
methyl 3-methyl-2-((2-(methyl(7-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-yl)amino)ethoxy)(phenoxy)phosphorylamino)butanoate
-
-
methyl 3-methyl-2-((2-(methyl(8-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-yl)amino)ethoxy)(phenoxy)phosphorylamino)butanoate
-
-
methyllinderone
-
inhibition of chitin synthase 2 and antifungal activity of the lignan from the stem bark of Lindera erythrocarpa, overview
N,N-dibenzyl-2-((2-hydroxy-3-(1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,2-dihydroquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)propyl) (methyl) amino)acetamide
-
-
N,N-diethyl-2-((2-hydroxy-3-(1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,2-dihydroquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)propyl) (methyl) amino)acetamide
-
-
N- benzyl-2-((2-hydroxy-3-(1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,2-dihydroquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)propyl)(methyl) amino)acetamide
-
-
N-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-((2-hydroxy-3-(1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,2-dihydroquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)propyl)(methyl)amino)acetamide
-
-
N-(4-(cyanomethyl)phenyl)-2-((2-hydroxy-3-(1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,2-dihydroquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)propyl)(methyl)amino)acetamide
-
-
N-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2-((2-hydroxy-3-(1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,2-dihydroquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)propyl)(methyl)amino)acetamide
-
-
N-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-((2-hydroxy-3-(1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,2-dihydroquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)propyl)(methyl)amino)acetamide
-
-
N-(tert-butyl)-2-((2-hydroxy-3-(1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,2-dihydroquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)propyl)(methyl) amino)acetamide
-
-
[5-(2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrimidin-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-ylmethyl]-carbamic acid 2-[5-(2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrimidin-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-ylmethylcarbamoyloxy]-ethyl ester
-
1 mM, 32% inhibition, competitive. IC50: 2.2 mM
[5-(2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrimidin-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-ylmethyl]-carbamic acid 2-{2-[5-(2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrimidin-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-ylmethylcarbamoyloxy]-ethoxy}-ethyl ester
-
1 mM 45% inhibition. IC50: 11.8 mM
8,20-dihydroxy-9(11),13-abietadien-12-one
a diterpene compoud isolated from leaves of Chamaecyparis pisifera, inhibits Chs1p; a diterpene compoud isolated from leaves of Chamaecyparis pisifera, inhibits Chs2p
Mg2+
-
low concentration of Mg2+ at 1.0-4.0 mmol/l significantly increase CHS activity, whereas 10.0 mmol/l or higher significantly inhibit CHS enzyme activity
Ni2+
-
inhibition of chitin synthase 1 and 2, no inhibition of chitin synthase 3
Nikkomycin
Kluyveromyces bulgaricus
-
0.015 for chitin synthetase III; IC50: 0.022 mM for chitin synthetase II; IC50: 0.032 mM for chitin synthetase I
Nikkomycin
-
competitive; competitive inhibitor of chitin synthetase 2; nikkomycin X and nikkomycin Z; nikkomycin Z is more inhibitory to chitin synthetase 1 than for chitin synthetase 2
nikkomycin Z
exposure to nikkomycin Z, a CHS inhibitor, reduces the amount of chitin in the peritrophic membrane of molted larvae
nikkomycin Z
a chitin synthase inhibitor that downregulates the expression of BmChsA and decreases the amount of epidermis chitin during the molting process
nikkomycin Z
competitive inhibition, presence of inhibitor leads to increased expression; competitive inhibition, presence of inhibitor leads to increased expression
O-methyl pisiferic acid
a diterpene compound isolated from leaves of Chamaecyparis pisifera, inhibition of chitin synthase 1
O-methyl pisiferic acid
; a diterpene compound isolated from leaves of Chamaecyparis pisifera, specifically inhibits Chs2p in a mixed competitive manner versus UDP-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine
Polyoxin D
-
competitive inhibitor of chitin synthetase 2; more inhibitory to chitin synthetase 1 than for chitin synthetase 2
uracil polyoxin C methyl ester
-
stereoselective synthesis routes of both the natural (C5'-S) and unnatural (C5'-R) diastereoisomers of uracil polyoxin C methyl ester as specific substrate analogue-inhibitors of chirin synthase, conjugation of the methyl ester of uracil polyoxin C with activated isoxazole carboxylic acids, detailed overview
uracil polyoxin C methyl ester
-
stereoselective synthesis routes of both the natural (C5'-S) and unnatural (C5'-R) diastereoisomers of uracil polyoxin C methyl ester as specific substrate analogue-inhibitors of chirin synthase, conjugation of the methyl ester of uracil polyoxin C with activated isoxazole carboxylic acids, detailed overview
additional information
-
purification of a soluble protein inhibitor from cytoplasm of Mucor rouxii, which forms part of the regulatory mechanism of chitin synthesis in the cells
-
additional information
-
no in vitro inhibition by polyoxin D. Inhibition of chitin synthesis by the chemicals is not due to direct inhibition of chitin synthase in Anopheles gambiae
-
additional information
-
synthesis and biological evaluation of phosphoramidate derivatives of coumarin as chitin synthase inhibitors and antifungal agents, overview
-
additional information
-
synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 3-substituted amino-4-hydroxylcoumarin derivatives as chitin synthase inhibitors and antifungal agents, overview. Most of the compounds have good inhibitory activity against CHS, in which the best compound with IC50 of 0.10 mmol/l has stronger activity than that of polyoxin B As far as the antifungal activity is concerned, most of the compounds possessed moderate to excellent activity against some representative pathogenic fungi. The most potent agent against Cryptococcus neoformans has a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.004 mg/ml. The compounds have negligible actions to some tested bacteria and are promising to develop selective antifungal agents
-
additional information
-
no inhibition by BAY SIR 8514; no inhibition by diflubenzuron
-
additional information
-
(2S,3R,4R,5S)-2-[(1-ethylphosphonyl)-1,1-difluoromethyl]-3,4-dihydroxy-5-hydroxymethyl-pyrrolidine shows no inhibition at 8 mM. 2,5-dideoxy-2,5-imino-L-iditol shows no inhibition at 5 mM
-
additional information
-
the absence of Chs4p renders CSIII functionally inactive, independently of Chs3p accumulation at the plasma membrane
-
additional information
-
no inhibition of chitin synthase 1 and 3 by methyllinderone, linderone, and kanakugiol from stem bark of Lindera erythrocarpa
-
additional information
-
design, synthesis and evaluation of 1-methyl-3-substituted quinazoline-2,4-dione derivatives as chitin synthase inhibitors and antifungal agents, NMR and mass spectrometry structure analysis, overview
-
additional information
-
no inhibition by BAY SIR 8514; no inhibition by diflubenzuron
-
additional information
-
a pH-dependent, heat-stable inhibitor is present in the soluble cytoplasm from the mycelium
-
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
lysophosphatidylserine
-
required, phosphatidylserine and lysophosphatidylserine are the best activators
N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine
-
stimulates CHS activity at 2.5 mM but inhibits enzyme activity at higher concentrations
N-acetyl-D-glucosamine
GlcNAc and 2-acylamido analogues of GlcNAc stimulate formation of chitin oligosaccharides by yeast chitin synthase, and GlcNAc is transferred to the 2-acylamido analogues. Synthesis of chitin oligosaccharides is strongly dependent on inclusion of GlcNAc in chitin synthase incubations. Formation of both chitin oligosaccharides and insoluble chitin is also stimulated by GlcNAc2
N-butanoyl-D-glucosamine
stimulates formation of both chitin oligosaccharides and insoluble chitin from the 2-acylamido analogues of UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine
N-Glycolyl-D-glucosamine
stimulates formation of both chitin oligosaccharides and insoluble chitin from the 2-acylamido analogues of UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine
N-propanoyl-D-glucosamine
stimulates formation of both chitin oligosaccharides and insoluble chitin from the 2-acylamido analogues of UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine
-
Phospholipid
-
required, phosphatidylserine and lysophosphatidylserine are the best activators
proteinase B
-
from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, stimulates Chs1, no effect on Chs2
-
Staphylococcus V8 protease
-
best activator of Chs2 in presence of Co2+, elicits little Mg2+-stimulatable activity
-
ATP
-
0.25 mM activates by 33%, concentrations up to 0.5 mM stimulate
Digitonin
-
chitin synthase 2 is maximally stimulated at the sharply defined digitonin to protein ratio of 0.042. Chitin synthase I is maximally active at a digitonin to protein ratio of 0.3-0.75
Digitonin
-
stimulates, both membrane-bound and dissociated chitin synthase show little activity in the absence of digitonin
phosphatidylserine
-
required, phosphatidylserine and lysophosphatidylserine are the best activators
additional information
-
Chs2 is hyperactivated by a soluble yeast protease, addition of leupeptin, a serine and cysteine protease inhibitor, almost completely abolishes the stimulatory effect, while it does not affect the activity of Chs2 or Chs2DELTAN222 by itself
-
additional information
-
blockade of endocytosis, independent of Chs4p function, stops Chs3p internalization, triggering a significant increase in chitin synthesis, overview
-
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KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
3.1
N-acetyl-D-glucosamine
-
reaction with UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine
additional information
additional information
-
Michaelis-Menten kinetics
-
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Ki VALUE [mM]
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.0009
5-((2-amino-5-O-(aminocarbonyl)-2-deoxy-L-xylonoyl)amino)-1-(5-carboxy-3,4-dihydro-2,4-dioxo-1(2H)-pyrimidinyl)-1,5-dideoxy-beta-D-allofuranuronic acid
-
chitin synthetase 1
0.096
methyl 2-((2-(methyl(6-tert-butyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-yl)amino)ethoxy)(phenoxy)phosphorylamino)-3-phenylpropanoate
-
pH 7.5, 37°C
0.005
O-methyl pisiferic acid
versus UDP-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine; versus UDP-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine