Any feedback?
Information on EC 2.4.1.123 - inositol 3-alpha-galactosyltransferase and Organism(s) Arabidopsis thaliana and UniProt Accession O22893
for references in articles please use BRENDA:EC2.4.1.123Please wait a moment until all data is loaded. This message will disappear when all data is loaded.
EC Tree
2.4.1.123 inositol 3-alpha-galactosyltransferaseIUBMB Comments
An enzyme from plants involved in the formation of raffinose and stachyose [cf. EC 2.4.1.67 (galactinol---raffinose galactosyltransferase) and EC 2.4.1.82 (galactinol---sucrose galactosyltransferase)].
Specify your search results
Word Map
The taxonomic range for the selected organisms is: Arabidopsis thaliana
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Eukaryota, Bacteria
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Eukaryota, Bacteria
Reaction Schemes
Synonyms
galactinol synthase, gols1, csgols1, tsgols2, lcgols1, xvgols, bhgols1, lcgols2, cjgols, osgols1, 
more
topSYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
galactinol synthase
galactosyltransferase, uridine diphosphogalactose-inositol
-
-
-
-
GOLS
GS
-
-
-
-
inositol 1-alpha-galactosyltransferase
-
-
-
-
UDP-D-galactose:inositol galactosyltransferase
-
-
-
-
UDP-galactose:myo-inositol 1-alpha-D-galactosyltransferase
-
-
-
-
uridine diphosphogalactose-inositol galactosyltransferase
-
-
-
-
galactinol synthase
-
-
-
-
GOLS
-
-
-
-
REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
hexosyl group transfer
-
-
-
-
SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
UDP-galactose:myo-inositol 3-alpha-D-galactosyltransferase
An enzyme from plants involved in the formation of raffinose and stachyose [cf. EC 2.4.1.67 (galactinol---raffinose galactosyltransferase) and EC 2.4.1.82 (galactinol---sucrose galactosyltransferase)].
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
79955-89-8
-
SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + alpha-D-galactosyl-(1-3)-1D-myo-inositol
-
-
i.e. galactinol
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
galactinol synthase is a key enzyme in the synthesis of raffinose family oligosaccharides that functions as osmoprotectants in plant cells
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + 1-O-alpha-D-galactosyl-D-myo-inositol
-
identical with galactinol
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + 1-O-alpha-D-galactosyl-D-myo-inositol
catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis of raffinose family oligosaccharides, raffinose and galactinol are involved in tolerance to drought, high salinity and cold stress and may function as osmoprotectants in drought-stress tolerance, stress inducible enzyme plays a key role in the accumulation of galactinol and raffinose under abiotic stress conditions
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + 1-O-alpha-D-galactosyl-D-myo-inositol
-
identical with galactinol
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + 1-O-alpha-D-galactosyl-D-myo-inositol
catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis of raffinose family oligosaccharides, raffinose and galactinol are involved in tolerance to drought, high salinity and cold stress and may function as osmoprotectants in drought-stress tolerance, stress inducible enzyme plays a key role in the accumulation of galactinol and raffinose under abiotic stress conditions
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + O-alpha-D-galactosyl-(1-3)-1D-myo-inositol
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + O-alpha-D-galactosyl-(1-3)-1D-myo-inositol
-
step in biosynthesis of raffinose from sucrose, under heat stress the content of raffinose oligosaccharides family members, as raffinose, stachyose, and galactinol, is enhanced
-
-
?
NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + 1-O-alpha-D-galactosyl-D-myo-inositol
catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis of raffinose family oligosaccharides, raffinose and galactinol are involved in tolerance to drought, high salinity and cold stress and may function as osmoprotectants in drought-stress tolerance, stress inducible enzyme plays a key role in the accumulation of galactinol and raffinose under abiotic stress conditions
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + 1-O-alpha-D-galactosyl-D-myo-inositol
catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis of raffinose family oligosaccharides, raffinose and galactinol are involved in tolerance to drought, high salinity and cold stress and may function as osmoprotectants in drought-stress tolerance, stress inducible enzyme plays a key role in the accumulation of galactinol and raffinose under abiotic stress conditions
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + alpha-D-galactosyl-(1-3)-1D-myo-inositol
-
-
i.e. galactinol
-
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + O-alpha-D-galactosyl-(1-3)-1D-myo-inositol
-
step in biosynthesis of raffinose from sucrose, under heat stress the content of raffinose oligosaccharides family members, as raffinose, stachyose, and galactinol, is enhanced
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
galactinol synthase is a key enzyme in the synthesis of raffinose family oligosaccharides that functions as osmoprotectants in plant cells
-
-
?
ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
additional information
AtGolS1 and 2 expression are induced by drought and high-salinity stresses and weakly induced by abscisic acid, but not by cold stress
-
additional information
AtGolS1 and 2 expression are induced by drought and high-salinity stresses and weakly induced by abscisic acid, but not by cold stress
-
additional information
AtGolS1 and 2 expression are induced by drought and high-salinity stresses and weakly induced by abscisic acid, but not by cold stress
-
additional information
-
AtGolS1 and 2 expression are induced by drought and high-salinity stresses and weakly induced by abscisic acid, but not by cold stress
-
additional information
AtGolS1 and 2 expression are induced by drought and high-salinity stresses and weakly induced by abscisic acid, but not by cold stress
-
additional information
AtGolS1 and 2 expression are induced by drought and high-salinity stresses and weakly induced by abscisic acid, but not by cold stress
-
additional information
AtGolS1 and 2 expression are induced by drought and high-salinity stresses and weakly induced by abscisic acid, but not by cold stress
-
additional information
-
AtGolS1 and 2 expression are induced by drought and high-salinity stresses and weakly induced by abscisic acid, but not by cold stress
-
additional information
AtGolS3 is induced by cold stress, but not by drought or salt stress or by abscisic acid
-
additional information
AtGolS3 is induced by cold stress, but not by drought or salt stress or by abscisic acid
-
additional information
AtGolS3 is induced by cold stress, but not by drought or salt stress or by abscisic acid
-
additional information
-
AtGolS3 is induced by cold stress, but not by drought or salt stress or by abscisic acid
-
additional information
-
enzyme expression is heat-inducible being induced by heat-shock proteins in all vegetative tissues, transcriptionally controlled, overview
-
SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
additional information
additional information
-
in vivo activity at different temperatures in wild-type and transgenic plants
pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
7.5
-
assay at, GolS enzyme activity shows neutral pH optima, corresponding to the pH of the cytosol
TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
SOURCE
high level of AtGolS1 and 2 expression in mature seeds, but very low of AtGolS3
high level of AtGolS1 and 2 expression in mature seeds, but very low of AtGolS3
additional information
-
enzyme expression is heat-inducible being induced by heat-shock proteins in all vegetative tissues
-
in leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana plants overexpressing heat shock transcription factor A2, the transcription of GolS1, -2, and -4 and raffinose synthase 2 (RS2) is highly induced. In leaves of the wild-type plants, treatment with 50 mM methylviologen increases the transcript levels of GolS1, -2, -3, -4, and -8 and the total activities of GolS isoenzymes
LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
ENTRY NAME
ORGANISM
NO. OF AA
NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]
SOURCE
SEQUENCE
LOCALIZATION PREDICTION
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable).
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable). GOLS1_ARATH
344
0
39596
Swiss-Prot
other Location (Reliability: 3)
POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
phosphoprotein
AtGolS1 protein has a putative serine phosphorylation site at position 270
no modification
no putative serine phosphorylation site
PROTEIN VARIANTS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
additional information
-
no heat-induction of enzyme expression in heat-shock factor HSF3-overexpressing transgenic plants, construction of transgenic plants containing the enzyme-promotor::beta-glucuronidase-reporter gene constructs, which are upregulated under heat stress, phenotyping
PURIFICATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
purification of glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins GTS-AtGolS1, 2 and 3, overexpressed in Escherichia coli
purification of glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins GTS-AtGolS1, 2 and 3, overexpressed in Escherichia coli
CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
7 AtGolS genes, cloning of AtGolS1, 2 and 3, AtGolS1 and 2 are induced by drought and high-salinity stresses, but not by cold stress, AtGolS3 is induced by cold stress, but not by drought or salt stress, overexpression of glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins GTS-AtGolS1, 2 and 3 in Escherichia coli, overexpression of AtGolS2 in transgenic Arabidopsis improves drought tolerance, AtGolS3 is controlled by the transcription factor DREB1A
7 AtGolS genes, cloning of AtGolS1, 2 and 3, AtGolS1 and 2 are induced by drought and high-salinity stresses, but not by cold stress, AtGolS3 is induced by cold stress, but not by drought or salt stress, overexpression of glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins GTS-AtGolS1, 2 and 3 in Escherichia coli, overexpression of AtGolS2 in transgenic Arabidopsis improves drought tolerance, AtGolS3 is controlled by the transcription factor DREB1A
REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Taji, T.; Ohsumi, C.; Luchi, S.; Seki, M.; Kasuga, M.; Kobayashi, M.; Yamaguchi-Shinozaki, K.; Shinozaki, K.
Important roles of drought- and cold-inducible genes for galactinol synthase in stress tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana
Plant J.
29
417-426
2002
Arabidopsis thaliana (O22893), Arabidopsis thaliana (O80518), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9FXB2), Arabidopsis thaliana
Panikulangara, T.J.; Eggers-Schumacher, G.; Wunderlich, M.; Stransky, H.; Schoffl, F.
Galactinol synthase1. A novel heat shock factor target gene responsible for heat-induced synthesis of raffinose family oligosaccharides in Arabidopsis
Plant Physiol.
136
3148-3158
2004
Arabidopsis thaliana
Nishizawa, A.; Yabuta, Y.; Shigeoka, S.
Galactinol and raffinose constitute a novel function to protect plants from oxidative damage
Plant Physiol.
147
1251-1263
2008
Arabidopsis thaliana
EXTERNAL LINKS (specific for EC-Number 2.4.1.123)
Use of this online version of BRENDA is free under the CC BY 4.0 license. See terms of use for full details.
Release 2023.1 (January 2023)
Legal
Curated at
Member of
