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Information on EC 2.4.1.123 - inositol 3-alpha-galactosyltransferase
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EC Tree
2.4.1.123 inositol 3-alpha-galactosyltransferaseIUBMB Comments
An enzyme from plants involved in the formation of raffinose and stachyose [cf. EC 2.4.1.67 (galactinol---raffinose galactosyltransferase) and EC 2.4.1.82 (galactinol---sucrose galactosyltransferase)].
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Word Map
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Eukaryota, Bacteria
Reaction Schemes
Synonyms
galactinol synthase, gols1, csgols1, tsgols2, lcgols1, xvgols, bhgols1, lcgols2, osgols2, galactinol synthase1, 
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SYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
galactinol synthase
galactosyltransferase, uridine diphosphogalactose-inositol
-
-
-
-
GAS
GOLS
GolS1
GS
inositol 1-alpha-galactosyltransferase
-
-
-
-
UDP-D-galactose:inositol galactosyltransferase
-
-
-
-
UDP-galactose:myo-inositol 1-alpha-D-galactosyltransferase
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-
-
-
uridine diphosphogalactose-inositol galactosyltransferase
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-
-
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galactinol synthase
-
-
-
-
GOLS
-
-
-
-
GS
-
-
-
-
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + myo-inositol = UDP + O-alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-1D-myo-inositol
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-
-
-
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
hexosyl group transfer
hexosyl group transfer
-
-
-
-
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PATHWAY SOURCE
PATHWAYS
KEGG
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
UDP-galactose:myo-inositol 3-alpha-D-galactosyltransferase
An enzyme from plants involved in the formation of raffinose and stachyose [cf. EC 2.4.1.67 (galactinol---raffinose galactosyltransferase) and EC 2.4.1.82 (galactinol---sucrose galactosyltransferase)].
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
79955-89-8
-
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
UDP-D-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + alpha-D-galactosyl-(1-3)-1D-myo-inositol
-
i.e. galactinol
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + O-alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-1D-myo-inositol
-
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + O-alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-1D-myo-inositol
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + O-alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-1D-myo-inositol
-
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + O-alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-1D-myo-inositol
-
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + O-alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-1D-myo-inositol
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + 1-O-alpha-D-galactosyl-D-myo-inositol
reaction is probably reversible
identical with galactinol
r
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + 1-O-alpha-D-galactosyl-D-myo-inositol
galactinol synthesis, which is the galactosyl donor for the synthesis of raffinose and stachyose, at least 2 isoforms: GolS-1 is mainly involved in the synthesis of storage raffinose family oligosaccharides and GolS-2 in the synthesis of transport raffinose family oligosaccharides, GolS-2 expression is much lower than that of GolS-1, galactinol may be catabolized by the reverse reaction
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + 1-O-alpha-D-galactosyl-D-myo-inositol
first committed enzyme in biosynthesis of raffinose family oligosaccharides, which play a role in plant stress tolerance
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + 1-O-alpha-D-galactosyl-D-myo-inositol
-
identical with galactinol
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + 1-O-alpha-D-galactosyl-D-myo-inositol
catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis of raffinose family oligosaccharides, raffinose and galactinol are involved in tolerance to drought, high salinity and cold stress and may function as osmoprotectants in drought-stress tolerance, stress inducible enzyme plays a key role in the accumulation of galactinol and raffinose under abiotic stress conditions
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + 1-O-alpha-D-galactosyl-D-myo-inositol
-
-
identical with galactinol
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + 1-O-alpha-D-galactosyl-D-myo-inositol
-
responsible for galactinol synthesis, involved in raffinose and stachyose biosynthesis, cf. EC 2.4.1.67 and EC 2.4.1.82
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + 1-O-alpha-D-galactosyl-D-myo-inositol
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + 1-O-alpha-D-galactosyl-D-myo-inositol
-
-
identical with galactinol
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + 1-O-alpha-D-galactosyl-D-myo-inositol
-
high specific affinity for UDP-Gal and myo-inositol
identical with galactinol
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + 1-O-alpha-D-galactosyl-D-myo-inositol
-
key enzyme in controlling galactose oligosaccharide biosynthesis, which plays a role in seed desiccation tolerance
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + 1-O-alpha-D-galactosyl-D-myo-inositol
-
identical with galactinol
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + 1-O-alpha-D-galactosyl-D-myo-inositol
first committed enzyme in biosynthesis of raffinose family oligosaccharides, which play a role in plant stress tolerance
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + alpha-D-galactosyl-(1-3)-1D-myo-inositol
-
-
i.e. galactinol
-
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + alpha-D-galactosyl-(1-3)-1D-myo-inositol
-
-
i.e. galactinol
-
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + alpha-D-galactosyl-(1-3)-1D-myo-inositol
-
i.e. galactinol
-
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + alpha-D-galactosyl-(1-3)-1D-myo-inositol
-
-
i.e. galactinol
-
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + O-alpha-D-galactosyl-(1-3)-1D-myo-inositol
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + O-alpha-D-galactosyl-(1-3)-1D-myo-inositol
-
step in biosynthesis of raffinose from sucrose, under heat stress the content of raffinose oligosaccharides family members, as raffinose, stachyose, and galactinol, is enhanced
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + O-alpha-D-galactosyl-(1-3)-1D-myo-inositol
-
-
product identification
-
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + O-alpha-D-galactosyl-(1-3)-1D-myo-inositol
-
step in biosynthesis of raffinose from sucrose
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + O-alpha-D-galactosyl-(1-3)-1D-myo-inositol
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + O-alpha-D-galactosyl-(1-3)-1D-myo-inositol
-
key enzyme in biosynthesis of raffinose family oligosaccharides from sucrose, the pathway is regulated by concentration of myo-inositol and sucrose in combination with the enzyme activity, raffinose family oligosaccharides content in different mutant lines, overview
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + O-alpha-D-galactosyl-(1-3)-1D-myo-inositol
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + O-alpha-D-galactosyl-(1-3)-1D-myo-inositol
-
key enzyme in biosynthesis of raffinose family oligosaccharides from sucrose, the pathway is regulated by concentration of myo-inositol and sucrose in combination with the enzyme activity, raffinose family oligosaccharides content in different genotypes, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
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-
galactinol synthase is a key enzyme in the synthesis of raffinose family oligosaccharides that functions as osmoprotectants in plant cells
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
galactinol synthase is responsible for the first catalytic step in raffinose family oligosaccharide biosynthesis. GolS activity in planta can not be correlated with raffinose family oligosaccharides accumulation
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
galactinol synthase is responsible for the first catalytic step in raffinose family oligosaccharide biosynthesis. GolS activity in planta can not be correlated with raffinose family oligosaccharides accumulation
-
-
?
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NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
UDP-D-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + alpha-D-galactosyl-(1-3)-1D-myo-inositol
-
i.e. galactinol
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + O-alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-1D-myo-inositol
-
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + O-alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-1D-myo-inositol
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + O-alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-1D-myo-inositol
-
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + O-alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-1D-myo-inositol
-
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + O-alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-1D-myo-inositol
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + 1-O-alpha-D-galactosyl-D-myo-inositol
galactinol synthesis, which is the galactosyl donor for the synthesis of raffinose and stachyose, at least 2 isoforms: GolS-1 is mainly involved in the synthesis of storage raffinose family oligosaccharides and GolS-2 in the synthesis of transport raffinose family oligosaccharides, GolS-2 expression is much lower than that of GolS-1, galactinol may be catabolized by the reverse reaction
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + 1-O-alpha-D-galactosyl-D-myo-inositol
first committed enzyme in biosynthesis of raffinose family oligosaccharides, which play a role in plant stress tolerance
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + 1-O-alpha-D-galactosyl-D-myo-inositol
catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis of raffinose family oligosaccharides, raffinose and galactinol are involved in tolerance to drought, high salinity and cold stress and may function as osmoprotectants in drought-stress tolerance, stress inducible enzyme plays a key role in the accumulation of galactinol and raffinose under abiotic stress conditions
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + 1-O-alpha-D-galactosyl-D-myo-inositol
-
responsible for galactinol synthesis, involved in raffinose and stachyose biosynthesis, cf. EC 2.4.1.67 and EC 2.4.1.82
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + 1-O-alpha-D-galactosyl-D-myo-inositol
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + 1-O-alpha-D-galactosyl-D-myo-inositol
-
key enzyme in controlling galactose oligosaccharide biosynthesis, which plays a role in seed desiccation tolerance
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + 1-O-alpha-D-galactosyl-D-myo-inositol
first committed enzyme in biosynthesis of raffinose family oligosaccharides, which play a role in plant stress tolerance
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + alpha-D-galactosyl-(1-3)-1D-myo-inositol
-
-
i.e. galactinol
-
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + alpha-D-galactosyl-(1-3)-1D-myo-inositol
-
-
i.e. galactinol
-
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + alpha-D-galactosyl-(1-3)-1D-myo-inositol
-
i.e. galactinol
-
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + alpha-D-galactosyl-(1-3)-1D-myo-inositol
-
-
i.e. galactinol
-
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + O-alpha-D-galactosyl-(1-3)-1D-myo-inositol
-
step in biosynthesis of raffinose from sucrose, under heat stress the content of raffinose oligosaccharides family members, as raffinose, stachyose, and galactinol, is enhanced
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + O-alpha-D-galactosyl-(1-3)-1D-myo-inositol
-
step in biosynthesis of raffinose from sucrose
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + O-alpha-D-galactosyl-(1-3)-1D-myo-inositol
-
key enzyme in biosynthesis of raffinose family oligosaccharides from sucrose, the pathway is regulated by concentration of myo-inositol and sucrose in combination with the enzyme activity, raffinose family oligosaccharides content in different mutant lines, overview
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + myo-inositol
UDP + O-alpha-D-galactosyl-(1-3)-1D-myo-inositol
-
key enzyme in biosynthesis of raffinose family oligosaccharides from sucrose, the pathway is regulated by concentration of myo-inositol and sucrose in combination with the enzyme activity, raffinose family oligosaccharides content in different genotypes, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
galactinol synthase is a key enzyme in the synthesis of raffinose family oligosaccharides that functions as osmoprotectants in plant cells
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
galactinol synthase is responsible for the first catalytic step in raffinose family oligosaccharide biosynthesis. GolS activity in planta can not be correlated with raffinose family oligosaccharides accumulation
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
galactinol synthase is responsible for the first catalytic step in raffinose family oligosaccharide biosynthesis. GolS activity in planta can not be correlated with raffinose family oligosaccharides accumulation
-
-
?
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METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
Mn2+
Mn2+
required, Asp125, Asp127, His263 and Cys265 are involved in Mn2+ binding
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INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
additional information
AtGolS1 and 2 expression are induced by drought and high-salinity stresses and weakly induced by abscisic acid, but not by cold stress
-
additional information
AtGolS1 and 2 expression are induced by drought and high-salinity stresses and weakly induced by abscisic acid, but not by cold stress
-
additional information
AtGolS1 and 2 expression are induced by drought and high-salinity stresses and weakly induced by abscisic acid, but not by cold stress
-
additional information
-
AtGolS1 and 2 expression are induced by drought and high-salinity stresses and weakly induced by abscisic acid, but not by cold stress
-
additional information
AtGolS3 is induced by cold stress, but not by drought or salt stress or by abscisic acid
-
additional information
AtGolS3 is induced by cold stress, but not by drought or salt stress or by abscisic acid
-
additional information
AtGolS3 is induced by cold stress, but not by drought or salt stress or by abscisic acid
-
additional information
-
AtGolS3 is induced by cold stress, but not by drought or salt stress or by abscisic acid
-
additional information
-
enzyme expression is heat-inducible being induced by heat-shock proteins in all vegetative tissues, transcriptionally controlled, overview
-
additional information
osmotic or dehydration stress induces LeGOLS-1 expression, cold induces gene expression only in vegetative tissues
-
additional information
-
osmotic or dehydration stress induces LeGOLS-1 expression, cold induces gene expression only in vegetative tissues
-
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DISEASE
TITLE OF PUBLICATION
LINK TO PUBMED
Dehydration
A WRKY transcription factor participates in dehydration tolerance in Boea hygrometrica by binding to the W-box elements of the galactinol synthase (BhGolS1) promoter.
Dehydration
Dehydration induces expression of GALACTINOL SYNTHASE and RAFFINOSE SYNTHASE in seedlings of pea (Pisum sativum L.).
Dehydration
Poaceae Type II Galactinol Synthase 2 from Antarctic Flowering Plant Deschampsia antarctica and Rice Improves Cold and Drought Tolerance by Accumulation of Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides in Transgenic Rice Plants.
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KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
3.8
purified BhGolS1-GST fusion protein is able to catalyze galactinol synthesis, 50 mM Hepes buffer, pH 7.0, 2 mM dithiothreitol, 5 mM MnCl2 and 0.5-1 mg purified enzyme protein
additional information
additional information
-
in vivo activity at different temperatures in wild-type and transgenic plants
additional information
BhGolS1 activity enhances drought tolerance in transgenic tobacco, a higher survival rate of transgenic plants after rewatering (84.8% for S10-1 tobacco line, 72.6% for S22-5 tobacco line, 61.5% for Rd15-6 tobacco line), compared to wild type (38.4%) is observed
additional information
-
BhGolS1 activity enhances drought tolerance in transgenic tobacco, a higher survival rate of transgenic plants after rewatering (84.8% for S10-1 tobacco line, 72.6% for S22-5 tobacco line, 61.5% for Rd15-6 tobacco line), compared to wild type (38.4%) is observed
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pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
7.5
7.5
-
assay at, GolS enzyme activity shows neutral pH optima, corresponding to the pH of the cytosol
7.5
-
assay at, GolS enzyme activity shows neutral pH optima, corresponding to the pH of the cytosol
7.5
-
assay at, GolS enzyme activity shows neutral pH optima, corresponding to the pH of the cytosol
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pH RANGE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
30
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pI VALUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
tomato, cv. Moneymaker, full length cDNA of LeGOLS-1
SwissProt
brenda
tomato, cv. Moneymaker, genomic sequence of LeGOLS-1
SwissProt
brenda
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SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
SOURCE
-
highest activity among all of the components of seed, much poorer source than Cucurbita pepo mature leaves
brenda
strong expression of BnGolS2 and BnGolS3 members 40 days after flowering
brenda
GolS-2 is primarily expressed in the phloem-associated intermediary cells known for their role in raffinose family oligosaccharides phloem loading
brenda
strong expression of BnGolS2 and BnGolS3 members 40 days after flowering
brenda