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Information on EC 2.3.3.8 - ATP citrate synthase
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2.3.3.8 ATP citrate synthaseIUBMB Comments
The enzyme can be dissociated into components, two of which are identical with EC 4.1.3.34 (citryl-CoA lyase) and EC 6.2.1.18 (citrate---CoA ligase).
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Word Map
- 2.3.3.8
-
lipogenesis
- carboxylase
-
lipogenic
-
malic
- adipose
- cholesterol
- glucose-6-phosphate
- triglyceride
- histone
- sterol
- lipoprotein
- hydroxycitrate
- malate
- adipocytes
- 6-phosphogluconate
-
acetyl-coenzyme
- carnitine
- isocitrate
-
oleaginous
- statin
-
bempedoic
-
1.1.1.40
- malonyl-coa
-
refeeding
-
cambogia
- ezetimibe
- stearoyl-coa
- srebp-1
-
nadp-isocitrate
- acetoacetyl-coa
-
6.4.1.2
- garcinia
-
refeed
- acetoacetate
- analysis
- drug development
- synthesis
- medicine
The enzyme appears in viruses and cellular organisms
Synonyms
atp-citrate lyase, atp citrate lyase, citrate cleavage enzyme, atp:citrate lyase, adenosine triphosphate citrate lyase, atp citrate synthase, atp-citrate synthase alpha chain protein 2, atp citrate (pro-s)-lyase, 
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SYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
ACL
ACL1
ACL2
ACLY
adenosine triphosphate citrate lyase
ATP citrate (pro-S)-lyase
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-
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ATP citrate lyase
ATP-citrate lyase
ATP-citric lyase
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-
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ATP:citrate lyase
ATP:citrate oxaloacetate lyase ((pro-3S)-CH2COO--> acetyl-CoA) (ATP-dephosphorylating)
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ATP:citrate oxaloacetate-lyase (pro-3S-CH2COO->acetyl-CoA, ATP dephosphorylating)
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ATP:citrate oxaloacetate-lyase CoA-acetylating and ATP-dephosphorylating
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Citrate cleavage enzyme
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citrate-ATP lyase
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citric cleavage enzyme
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EC 4.1.3.8
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-
formerly
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ACL
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-
-
-
ACLY
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adenosine triphosphate citrate lyase
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-
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ATP-citrate lyase
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ATP:citrate lyase
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate = ATP + citrate + CoA
mechanism
-
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate = ATP + citrate + CoA
in the absence of the CoA acceptor, the enzyme contains a freely diffusible highly reactive intermediate, with similar properties to other high-free-energy phosphotransfer intermediates such as aminoacyl adenylates
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ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate = ATP + citrate + CoA
ordered mechanism where the phosphate group of ATP is first covalently bound to the His273 catalytic residue, and subsequently transferred to the citrate molecule to form citryl phosphate
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ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate = ATP + citrate + CoA
cleaves citrate with inversion of configuration
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ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate = ATP + citrate + CoA
citrate cleavage is of the si-type
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ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate = ATP + citrate + CoA
double-displacement mechanism with a phosphoenzyme intermediate
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ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate = ATP + citrate + CoA
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
elimination
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-
of an oxo-acid, C-C bond cleavage
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PATHWAY SOURCE
PATHWAYS
BRENDA
KEGG
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
acetyl-CoA:oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase [(pro-S)-carboxymethyl-forming, ADP-phosphorylating]
The enzyme can be dissociated into components, two of which are identical with EC 4.1.3.34 (citryl-CoA lyase) and EC 6.2.1.18 (citrate---CoA ligase).
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
9027-95-6
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
N6-etheno-adenosine triphosphate + citrate + CoA
N6-etheno-adenosine diphosphate + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
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-
-
-
?
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
ATP + citrate + CoA
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-
-
-
?
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
ATP + citrate + CoA
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-
-
-
?
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
ATP + citrate + CoA
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-
-
-
?
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
ATP + citrate + CoA
-
-
-
-
?
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
ATP + citrate + CoA
-
-
-
r
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
ATP + citrate + CoA
Hydrogenobacter thermophilus TK-6 / IAM 12695
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-
-
r
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
ATP + citrate + CoA
-
-
-
-
?
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
ATP + citrate + CoA
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-
-
?
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
ATP + citrate + CoA
-
-
-
?
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
ATP + citrate + CoA
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-
-
r
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
ATP + citrate + CoA
-
-
-
-
?
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
ATP + citrate + CoA
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-
-
-
?
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
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-
-
?
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
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enzyme generates cytosolic acetyl-CoA
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-
?
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
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-
-
?
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
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-
-
?
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
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-
-
?
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
-
the enzyme is regulated by the carbon source present in the medium
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-
?
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
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-
-
?
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
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-
-
?
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
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-
-
?
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
-
the cytosolic enzyme may provide acetyl-coenzyme A for the mevalonate pathway or fatty acid elongation
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-
?
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
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the plastidic enzyme is proposed to function for the supply of acetyl-coenzyme A for lipid biosynthesis de novo
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?
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
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-
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?
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
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key enzyme of CO2 fixation by reductive tricarboxylic acid
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?
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
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-
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?
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
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-
-
?
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
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-
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?
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
-
the first step of the reaction is reversible
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ir
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
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enzyme regulates both the direction and carbon flux of the carbon dioxide-fixing reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle
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ir
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
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enzyme is induced by starvation-refeeding regimen
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-
?
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
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one of the key enzymes of lipogenesis
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-
?
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
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-
-
-
?
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
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-
-
-
?
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
-
-
-
-
?
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
-
cleaves citrate with inversion of configuration
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?
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
-
specific for citrate
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?
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
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one of the key enzymes of lipogenesis
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-
?
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
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-
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?
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
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-
-
?
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
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-
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?
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
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-
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?
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
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-
-
?
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
acetyl-CoA is produced in mitochondria, but it cannot cross the mitochondrial membranes to the cytosol. Instead, citrate is exported from mitochondria. In the cytosol, ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY; EC 2.3.3.8) catalyses the reaction to produce acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate from citrate and ATP
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-
?
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) generated by ATP citrate lyase (ACL) is utilized to acetylate histone H3 at MyoD regulatory regions, resulting in increased MyoD expression and improved muscle regeneration after injury
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?
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
ATP citrate lyase is an important enzyme linking carbohydrate to lipid metabolism by generating acetyl-CoA from citrate for fatty acid and cholesterol biosynthesis
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?
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
the enzyme catalyzes the formation of cytosolic acetyl CoA, the starting material for de novo lipid and cholesterol biosynthesis
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?
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
the enzyme is a major source of nucleocytosolic acetyl-CoA, a fundamental building block of carbon metabolism in eukaryotes
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?
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
the enzyme links carbohydrate and lipid metabolism
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?
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
the enzyme links glycolysis to lipid metabolism
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?
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
the enzyme synthesizes cytosolic acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA), a fundamental cellular building block
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?
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
-
the synthase activity is less than 0.5% of the ATP:citrate lyase activity
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r
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
Hydrogenobacter thermophilus TK-6 / IAM 12695
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the synthase activity is less than 0.5% of the ATP:citrate lyase activity
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r
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
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specific for ATP
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?
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
-
specific for ATP
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?
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
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-
-
?
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
essential enzyme for generating acetyl-CoA, a key metabolite for the first step in fatty acid synthesis and for histone acetylation. Regulation of the enzyme activity is a potentially important point of control for cell cycle regulation in the myeloid lineage
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?
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
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-
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?
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
-
the cytosolic enzyme may provide acetyl-coenzyme A for the mevalonate pathway or fatty acid elongation
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-
?
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
-
-
-
?
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
-
the cytosolic enzyme may provide acetyl-coenzyme A for the mevalonate pathway or fatty acid elongation
-
-
?
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
-
-
-
?
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
-
-
-
?
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
-
-
-
?
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
-
-
-
?
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
-
-
-
?
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
-
-
-
?
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
-
-
-
?
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
-
-
-
?
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
-
-
-
?
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
-
-
-
?
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
-
-
-
?
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
-
-
-
?
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
-
-
-
?
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
-
-
-
?
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
-
-
-
?
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
-
-
-
?
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
-
-
-
?
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
-
-
-
?
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
-
-
-
?
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
-
-
-
?
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
-
-
-
?
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
-
-
-
?
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
-
-
-
?
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
-
-
-
?
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
-
-
-
?
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
-
-
-
?
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
-
specific for citrate
-
?, r
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
-
the enzyme is engaged in the transport of acetyl groups from mitochondria to cytosol. On the metabolic pathway from carbohydrate to lipid it is the first enzyme which is exclusively biosynthetic
-
-
?
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
-
one of the key enzymes of lipogenesis
-
-
?
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
-
the enzyme catalyzes the first cytoplasmic step in the synthesis of long-chain fatty acids in mammalian tissues
-
-
?
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
-
the enzyme is responsible for production of cytoplasmic acetyl-CoA for lipogenesis
-
-
?
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
-
key enzyme for lipid accumulation
-
-
?
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
-
-
-
?
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
-
specific for ATP
-
?
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
-
specific for ATP
-
?
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
-
specific for ATP
-
?
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
-
specific for CoA
-
?
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
-
possibly plays a role in providing acetyl-CoA for lipid biosynthesis
-
-
?
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
-
-
-
?
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
-
the cytosolic enzyme may provide acetyl-coenzyme A for the mevalonate pathway or fatty acid elongation
-
-
?
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
-
the plastidic enzyme is proposed to function for the supply of acetyl-coenzyme A for lipid biosynthesis de novo
-
-
?
ATP + citrate + CoA
ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
-
-
-
?
dATP + citrate + CoA
dADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
-
40% of the activity with ATP
-
-
?
dATP + citrate + CoA
dADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
-
-
-
-
?
dATP + citrate + CoA
dADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate
Hydrogenobacter thermophilus TK-6 / IAM 12695
-
-
-
-
?
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