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6 methylmalonyl-CoA + propionyl-CoA + 6 NADPH + 6 H+
6-deoxyerythronolide b + 7 CoA + 6 CO2 + H2O + 6 NADP+
propanoyl-CoA + (2S)-methylmalonyl-CoA + NADPH
(3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-ethyl-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyloxan-2-one + ?
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-
?
propanoyl-CoA + 5 (2S)-methylmalonyl-CoA + (2S)-ethylmalonyl-CoA + 6 NADPH + 6 H+
(3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-ethyl-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one + ?
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product of truncated enzyme consisting of loading didomain-module1-module2+thioesterase
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?
propanoyl-CoA + 5 (2S)-methylmalonyl-CoA + (2S)-ethylmalonyl-CoA + 6 NADPH + 6 H+
(3R,5R,6S)-6-[(2S,3R)-3-hydroxypentan-2-yl]-3,5-dimethyldihydro-2H-pyran-2,4(3H)-dione + ?
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product of truncated enzyme consisting of loading didomain-module1-module2-module3+thioesterase
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?
propanoyl-CoA + 5 (2S)-methylmalonyl-CoA + (2S)-ethylmalonyl-CoA + 6 NADPH + 6 H+
8-ethyl-8-desmethyl-6-deoxyerythronolide B + 7 CoA + 6 CO2 + H2O + 6 NADP+
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putative analog, 8-ethyl-8-desmethyl-6-deoxyerythronolide B, is generated by the assembly line in the presence of non-limiting concentrations of ethylmalonyl-CoA and is produced in comparable amounts to the natural 6-dEB product
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?
propanoyl-CoA + 6 (2S)-methylmalonyl-CoA + 6 NADPH + 6 H+
6-deoxyerythronolide B + 7 CoA + 6 CO2 + H2O + 6 NADP+
additional information
?
-
6 methylmalonyl-CoA + propionyl-CoA + 6 NADPH + 6 H+
6-deoxyerythronolide b + 7 CoA + 6 CO2 + H2O + 6 NADP+
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-
-
?
6 methylmalonyl-CoA + propionyl-CoA + 6 NADPH + 6 H+
6-deoxyerythronolide b + 7 CoA + 6 CO2 + H2O + 6 NADP+
-
formation of a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of erythromycin
-
?
propanoyl-CoA + 6 (2S)-methylmalonyl-CoA + 6 NADPH + 6 H+
6-deoxyerythronolide B + 7 CoA + 6 CO2 + H2O + 6 NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
propanoyl-CoA + 6 (2S)-methylmalonyl-CoA + 6 NADPH + 6 H+
6-deoxyerythronolide B + 7 CoA + 6 CO2 + H2O + 6 NADP+
-
-
-
?
propanoyl-CoA + 6 (2S)-methylmalonyl-CoA + 6 NADPH + 6 H+
6-deoxyerythronolide B + 7 CoA + 6 CO2 + H2O + 6 NADP+
-
-
-
?
propanoyl-CoA + 6 (2S)-methylmalonyl-CoA + 6 NADPH + 6 H+
6-deoxyerythronolide B + 7 CoA + 6 CO2 + H2O + 6 NADP+
-
-
-
?
propanoyl-CoA + 6 (2S)-methylmalonyl-CoA + 6 NADPH + 6 H+
6-deoxyerythronolide B + 7 CoA + 6 CO2 + H2O + 6 NADP+
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
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unidirectional translocation of the growing polyketide chain along the 6-deoxyerythronolide B synthase, ratchet mechanism, overview
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-
?
additional information
?
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the cis-acyltransferase domain from DEBS module 3 transfers a methylmalonyl extender unit from the corresponding carboxyacyl-CoA precursor onto the phosphopantetheine arm of the acyl carrier protein within the same module. The presence of the acyl carrier protein has little effect on the specificity of the cis-acyltransferase domain for carboxyacyl-CoA substrates, but has a marked influence on the corresponding specificity parameters for the trans-acyltransferases from the disorazole and kirromycin synthases. Comparative analysis of the substrate specificity
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Adenoma
[Expression of enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis and polyketide synthase gene-expressing Escherichia coli in colorectal adenoma patients].
Bacterial Infections
Marine macroalgae-associated heterotrophic Firmicutes and Gamma-proteobacteria: prospective anti-infective agents against multidrug resistant pathogens.
Buruli Ulcer
Analysis of the vaccine potential of plasmid DNA encoding nine mycolactone polyketide synthase domains in Mycobacterium ulcerans infected mice.
Buruli Ulcer
IFN-? and IL-5 whole blood response directed against mycolactone polyketide synthase domains in patients with Mycobacterium ulcerans infection.
Buruli Ulcer
Ketoreduction in mycolactone biosynthesis: insight into substrate specificity and stereocontrol from studies of discrete ketoreductase domains in vitro.
Buruli Ulcer
Serological evaluation of Mycobacterium ulcerans antigens identified by comparative genomics.
Colorectal Neoplasms
MATE transport of the E. coli-derived genotoxin colibactin.
Colorectal Neoplasms
Mucosal cancer-associated microbes and anastomotic leakage after resection of colorectal carcinoma.
Colorectal Neoplasms
Stool pattern is associated with not only the prevalence of tumorigenic bacteria isolated from fecal matter but also plasma and fecal fatty acids in healthy Japanese adults.
Colorectal Neoplasms
The Escherichia coli colibactin resistance protein ClbS is a novel DNA binding protein that protects DNA from nucleolytic degradation.
Cystic Fibrosis
Genomics-driven discovery of a novel glutarimide antibiotic from Burkholderia gladioli reveals an unusual polyketide synthase chain release mechanism.
Dehydration
pH-Rate profiles establish that polyketide synthase dehydratase domains utilize a single-base mechanism.
Dehydration
Structure and stereospecificity of the dehydratase domain from the terminal module of the rifamycin polyketide synthase.
Dehydration
The final steps of bacillaene biosynthesis in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42: direct evidence for beta,gamma dehydration by a trans-acyltransferase polyketide synthase.
Infections
An in planta-expressed polyketide synthase produces (R)-mellein in the wheat pathogen Parastagonospora nodorum.
Infections
IFN-? and IL-5 whole blood response directed against mycolactone polyketide synthase domains in patients with Mycobacterium ulcerans infection.
Infections
Molecular analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains with an intact pks15/1 gene in a rural community of Mexico.
Infections
Polyketide synthase (PKS) reduces fusion of Legionella pneumophila-containing vacuoles with lysosomes and contributes to bacterial competitiveness during infection.
Infections
Search for genes potentially involved in Mycobacterium tuberculosis virulence by mRNA differential display.
Infections
The Botrytis cinerea phytotoxin botcinic acid requires two polyketide synthases for production and has a redundant role in virulence with botrydial.
Infections
Total Biosynthesis and Diverse Applications of the Nonribosomal Peptide-Polyketide Siderophore Yersiniabactin.
Infections
Transcriptome Study of an Exophiala dermatitidis PKS1 Mutant on an ex Vivo Skin Model: Is Melanin Important for Infection?
Infections
Upregulation of the phthiocerol dimycocerosate biosynthetic pathway by rifampin-resistant, rpoB mutant Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Melanoma
Crowdsourcing natural products discovery to access uncharted dimensions of fungal metabolite diversity.
Neoplasms
Intestinal Inflammation Targets Cancer-Inducing Activity of the Microbiota.
Nocardia Infections
Complete Reconstitution and Deorphanization of the 3 MDa Nocardiosis-Associated Polyketide Synthase.
Nocardia Infections
Partial In Vitro Reconstitution of an Orphan Polyketide Synthase Associated with Clinical Cases of Nocardiosis.
Starvation
Stimulation of bikaverin production by sucrose and by salt starvation in Fusarium fujikuroi.
Tuberculosis
Acyl-CoA carboxylases (accD2 and accD3), together with a unique polyketide synthase (Cg-pks), are key to mycolic acid biosynthesis in Corynebacterianeae such as Corynebacterium glutamicum and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Tuberculosis
Biochemical and structural study of the atypical acyltransferase domain from the mycobacterial polyketide synthase Pks13.
Tuberculosis
Characterisation of pks15/1 in clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from Mexico.
Tuberculosis
Crystal structure of Mycobacterium tuberculosis polyketide synthase 11 (PKS11) reveals intermediates in the synthesis of methyl-branched alkylpyrones.
Tuberculosis
Crystallization and structure analysis of the core motif of the Pks13 acyltransferase domain from Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Tuberculosis
Design and synthesis of mycobacterial pks13 inhibitors: Conformationally rigid tetracyclic molecules.
Tuberculosis
Detection of soluble co-factor dependent protein expression in vivo: Application to the 4'-phosphopantetheinyl transferase PptT from Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Tuberculosis
Development of a Novel Lead that Targets M. tuberculosis Polyketide Synthase 13.
Tuberculosis
Experimental mapping of soluble protein domains using a hierarchical approach.
Tuberculosis
Genes required for intrinsic multidrug resistance in Mycobacterium avium.
Tuberculosis
Identification of inhibitors targeting polyketide synthase 13 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis as antituberculosis drug leads.
Tuberculosis
Identification of Novel Coumestan Derivatives as Polyketide Synthase 13 Inhibitors against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Tuberculosis
Identification of Novel Coumestan Derivatives as Polyketide Synthase 13 Inhibitors against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Part II.
Tuberculosis
Inactivation of polyketide synthase and related genes results in the loss of complex lipids in Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv.
Tuberculosis
Insights into Substrate Modification by Dehydratases from Type I Polyketide Synthases.
Tuberculosis
Macro-array and bioinformatic analyses reveal mycobacterial 'core' genes, variation in the ESAT-6 gene family and new phylogenetic markers for the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex.
Tuberculosis
Molecular dynamics simulation and binding free energy studies of novel leads belonging to the benzofuran class inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Polyketide Synthase 13.
Tuberculosis
Multiple deletions in the polyketide synthase gene repertoire of Mycobacterium tuberculosis reveal functional overlap of cell envelope lipids in host-pathogen interactions.
Tuberculosis
Mutants of Mycobacterium smegmatis impaired in stationary-phase survival.
Tuberculosis
Search for genes potentially involved in Mycobacterium tuberculosis virulence by mRNA differential display.
Tuberculosis
The optimization of in vitro high-throughput chemical lysis of Escherichia coli. Application to ACP domain of the polyketide synthase ppsC from Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Tuberculosis
Therapeutic potential of coumestan Pks13 inhibitors for tuberculosis.
Tuberculosis
Two polyketide-synthase-associated acyltransferases are required for sulfolipid biosynthesis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Tuberculosis
Upregulation of the phthiocerol dimycocerosate biosynthetic pathway by rifampin-resistant, rpoB mutant Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Tuberculosis
Virulence attenuation of two Mas-like polyketide synthase mutants of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
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?
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x * 37000, enzyme may be a component of a multifunctional protein or may exist as a dimer SDS-PAGE
homodimer
thioesterase domain, 2 * 33000
oligomer
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the polyketide product is synthesized by the processive action of a loading didomain, six extension modules and a terminal thioesterase domain, as a minimal requirement for chain extension, each module contains a set of three functional domains, a ketosynthase, an acyltransferae, and an acyl carrier protein
additional information
DEBS is organized into modules comprising of multiple catalytic domains, to assemble short acyl-CoA precursors into complex polyketide products, each module contains minimally three functional domains, a beta-ketosynthase, an acyltransferase, and an acyl carrier protein
additional information
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DEBS is organized into modules comprising of multiple catalytic domains, to assemble short acyl-CoA precursors into complex polyketide products, each module contains minimally three functional domains, a beta-ketosynthase, KS, an acyltransferase, AT, and an acyl carrier protein, ACP
additional information
deoxyerythronolide B synthase consists of several modules, formed by acyltransferases, acyl carrier proteins, ketosynthases, ketoreductases, dehydratases, enoylreductases and thioesterases
additional information
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solution structure of ACP2, the tertiary fold of ACP2 is a three-helix bundle, overview
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Roberts, G.; Leadly, P.F.
Use of [3H]tetrahydrocerulenin to assay condensing enzyme activity in Streptomyces erythreus
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12
642-643
1984
Saccharopolyspora erythraea
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Khosla, C.; Tang, Y.; Chen, A.Y.; Schnarr, N.A.; Cane, D.E.
Structure and mechanism of the 6-deoxyerythronolide B synthase
Annu. Rev. Biochem.
76
195-221
2007
Saccharopolyspora erythraea
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Wong, F.T.; Chen, A.Y.; Cane, D.E.; Khosla, C.
Protein-protein recognition between acyltransferases and acyl carrier proteins in multimodular polyketide synthases
Biochemistry
49
95-102
2010
Saccharopolyspora erythraea (Q03131)
brenda
Kapur, S.; Worthington, A.; Tang, Y.; Cane, D.E.; Burkart, M.D.; Khosla, C.
Mechanism based protein crosslinking of domains from the 6-deoxyerythronolide B synthase
Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett.
18
3034-3038
2008
Saccharopolyspora erythraea
brenda
Pistorino, M.; Pfeifer, B.A.
Efficient experimental design and micro-scale medium enhancement of 6-deoxyerythronolide B production through Escherichia coli
Biotechnol. Prog.
25
1364-1371
2009
Saccharopolyspora erythraea
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Wang, Y.; Pfeifer, B.
6-Deoxyerythronolide B production through chromosomal localization of the deoxyerythronolide B synthase genes in E. coli
Metab. Eng.
10
33-38
2008
Saccharopolyspora erythraea
brenda
Katz, L.
The DEBS paradigm for type I modular polyketide synthases and beyond
Methods Enzymol.
459
113-142
2009
Saccharopolyspora erythraea
brenda
Tsai, S.C.; Miercke, L.J.W.; Krucinski, J.; Gokhale, R.; Chen, J.C.H.; Foster, P.G.; Cane, D.E.; Khosla, C.; Stroud, R.M.
Crystal structure of the macrocycle-forming thioesterase domain of the erythromycin polyketide synthase: Versatility from a unique substrate channel
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
98
14808-14813
2001
Saccharopolyspora erythraea (Q03133)
brenda
Pfeifer, B.A.; Admiraal, S.J.; Gramajo, H.; Cane, D.E.; Khosla, C.
Biosynthesis of complex polyketides in a metabolically engieered strain of Escherichia coli
Science
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2001
Saccharopolyspora erythraea (Q03131), Saccharopolyspora erythraea (Q03132), Saccharopolyspora erythraea (Q03133), Saccharopolyspora erythraea
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Charkoudian, L.K.; Liu, C.W.; Capone, S.; Kapur, S.; Cane, D.E.; Togni, A.; Seebach, D.; Khosla, C.
Probing the interactions of an acyl carrier protein domain from the 6-deoxyerythronolide B synthase
Protein Sci.
20
1244-1255
2011
Saccharopolyspora erythraea
brenda
Kumpfmueller, J.; Methling, K.; Fang, L.; Pfeifer, B.A.; Lalk, M.; Schweder, T.
Production of the polyketide 6-deoxyerythronolide B in the heterologous host Bacillus subtilis
Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol.
100
1209-1220
2016
Saccharopolyspora erythraea (Q03131 and Q03132 and Q03133), Saccharopolyspora erythraea
brenda
Dunn, B.J.; Watts, K.R.; Robbins, T.; Cane, D.E.; Khosla, C.
Comparative analysis of the substrate specificity of trans- versus cis-acyltransferases of assembly line polyketide synthases
Biochemistry
53
3796-3806
2014
Saccharopolyspora erythraea (Q03131 and Q03132 and Q03133)
brenda
Argyropoulos, P.; Bergeret, F.; Pardin, C.; Reimer, J.M.; Pinto, A.; Boddy, C.N.; Schmeing, T.M.
Towards a characterization of the structural determinants of specificity in the macrocyclizing thioesterase for deoxyerythronolide B biosynthesis
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
1860
486-497
2016
Saccharopolyspora erythraea (Q03133)
brenda
Lowry, B.; Robbins, T.; Weng, C.H.; OBrien, R.V.; Cane, D.E.; Khosla, C.
In vitro reconstitution and analysis of the 6-deoxyerythronolide B synthase
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
135
16809-16812
2013
Saccharopolyspora erythraea (Q03131 and Q03132 and Q03133)
brenda
Edwards, A.L.; Matsui, T.; Weiss, T.M.; Khosla, C.
Architectures of whole-module and bimodular proteins from the 6-deoxyerythronolide B synthase
J. Mol. Biol.
426
2229-2245
2014
Saccharopolyspora erythraea (Q03131 and Q03132 and Q03133), Saccharopolyspora erythraea
brenda
Koryakina, I.; Kasey, C.; McArthur, J.B.; Lowell, A.N.; Chemler, J.A.; Li, S.; Hansen, D.A.; Sherman, D.H.; Williams, G.J.
Inversion of extender unit selectivity in the erythromycin polyketide synthase by acyltransferase domain engineering
ACS Chem. Biol.
12
114-123
2017
Saccharopolyspora erythraea (Q03133)
brenda
Robbins, T.; Kapilivsky, J.; Cane, D.E.; Khosla, C.
Roles of conserved active site residues in the ketosynthase domain of an assembly line polyketide synthase
Biochemistry
55
4476-4484
2016
Saccharopolyspora erythraea (Q03131 and Q03132 and Q03133)
brenda
Ostrowski, M.P.; Cane, D.E.; Khosla, C.
Recognition of acyl carrier proteins by ketoreductases in assembly line polyketide synthases
J. Antibiot.
69
507-510
2016
Saccharopolyspora erythraea (Q03131 and Q03132 and Q03133)
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