Narrow specificity towards 2-arylethylamines, including serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), tryptamine, 5-methoxytryptamine and phenylethylamine. This is the penultimate enzyme in the production of melatonin (5-methoxy-N-acetyltryptamine) and controls its synthesis (cf. EC 2.1.1.4, acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase). Differs from EC 2.3.1.5 arylamine N-acetyltransferase.
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
acetyl-CoA:2-arylethylamine N-acetyltransferase
Narrow specificity towards 2-arylethylamines, including serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), tryptamine, 5-methoxytryptamine and phenylethylamine. This is the penultimate enzyme in the production of melatonin (5-methoxy-N-acetyltryptamine) and controls its synthesis (cf. EC 2.1.1.4, acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase). Differs from EC 2.3.1.5 arylamine N-acetyltransferase.
enzyme activity in cultured cells is suppressed by light, as it is in vivo. The ability to express circadian regulation of the enzyme activity is an intrinsic property of retinal cells that can develop in vitro
enzyme activity in cultured cells is suppressed by light, as it is in vivo. The ability to express circadian regulation of the enzyme activity is an intrinsic property of retinal cells that can develop in vitro
exposing chickens to light in the middle of the night increased the apparent Km of AANAT for tryptamine by about 10fold. The Km began to increase within 5 min of exposure to light and reached a maximum at about 30 min
AANAT in dark-adapted retina is bound to 14-3-3 protein. This interaction is regulated by light and phosphorylation. Phosphorylation of AANAT in darkness promotes the association with 14-3-3, which decreases the Km of the enzyme for substrate and protects the enzyme from dephosphorylation and degradation. Light exposure results in dephosphorylation of AANAT and dissociation from the complex with 14-3-3 proteins, thereby increasing the Km of the enzyme. Dissociation of the complex leads to subsequent proteasomal proteolysis of AANAT
Effects of EGTA and calmodulin, neutral thiol proteinases and protein kinase C inhibitors on loss of chicken pineal serotonin N-acetyltransferase activity
Melatonin synthesis in retina: circadian regulation of arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase activity in cultured photoreceptor cells of embryonic chicken retina
Near-ultraviolet light perceived by the retina generates the signal suppressing melatonin synthesis in the chick pineal gland-an involvement of NMDA glutamate receptors