Information on EC 2.3.1.81 - aminoglycoside 3-N-acetyltransferase

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The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Bacteria, Eukaryota

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EC NUMBER
COMMENTARY hide
2.3.1.81
-
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RECOMMENDED NAME
GeneOntology No.
aminoglycoside 3-N-acetyltransferase
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY hide
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
acetyl-CoA + a 2-deoxystreptamine antibiotic = CoA + N3-acetyl-2-deoxystreptamine antibiotic
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
Acyl group transfer
-
-
-
-
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
acetyl-CoA:2-deoxystreptamine-antibiotic N3-acetyltransferase
Different from EC 2.3.1.60 gentamicin 3-N-acetyltransferase. A wide range of antibiotics containing the 2-deoxystreptamine ring can act as acceptors, including gentamicin, kanamycin, tobramycin, neomycin and apramycin.
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY hide
60120-42-5
-
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ORGANISM
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
gene aacC2; diverse clinical isolates, gene aacC2
UniProt
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Arizona sp.
-
-
-
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
strain BL21(DE3) pLysS
TrEMBL
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
strain C600 containing R-factor JR88
-
-
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
strain JR88
-
-
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
strain R135/C600
-
-
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
-
-
-
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
strain Travers PST
-
-
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
formerly Microbulbifer degradans
-
-
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
serovar Haifa, isolated from feces
-
-
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
strain ATCC 21294
TrEMBL
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
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GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
evolution
physiological function
additional information
presence of genes encoding the following aminoglycoside-modifying en­zymes: aph (3')-V1, aph (3')-Ia, aac (3)-Ia, aac (3) IIa, aac (6')-Ih, aac (6')-Ib and ant (2')-Ia responsible for resis­tance in 4 different groups of clinical isolates, overview
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT                       
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
4-bromo-thiophene-2-carbonyl-S-CoA + amikacin
?
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
4-bromo-thiophene-2-carbonyl-S-CoA + gentamicin
?
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
4-bromo-thiophene-2-carbonyl-S-CoA + neomycin B
?
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
4-bromo-thiophene-2-carbonyl-S-CoA + paromomycin
?
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
4-bromo-thiophene-2-carbonyl-S-CoA + tobramycin
?
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
5-bromo-thiophene-2-carbonyl-S-CoA + kanamycin A
?
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
5-bromo-thiophene-2-carbonyl-S-CoA + neomycin B
?
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
6-fluoropicolinyl-CoA + neomycin B
?
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
acetyl-CoA + a 2-deoxystreptamine antibiotic
CoA + N3-acetyl-2-deoxystreptamine antibiotic
show the reaction diagram
acetyl-CoA + amikacin
CoA + N3'-acetyl-amikacin
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
acetyl-CoA + amikacin
CoA + N3'-acetylamikacin
show the reaction diagram
acetyl-CoA + aminoglycoside-aminocyclitol
CoA + ?
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
acetyl-CoA + apramycin
CoA + N3'-acetylapramycin
show the reaction diagram
acetyl-CoA + butirosin
CoA + N3'-acetylbutirosin
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
acetyl-CoA + dactimicin
CoA + N4-acetyldactamicin + N4,N6'-diacetyldactimicin
show the reaction diagram
-
the percentage of dactimicin affinity relative to gentamicin C1a is very high (74.6%) only with AAC(3)-I, to the most other enzymes tested, in spite of the bifunctional AAC(6')/APH(2''), dactamicin is stable
-
-
?
acetyl-CoA + dibekacin
CoA + N3'-acetyldibekacin
show the reaction diagram
acetyl-CoA + dibekacin
CoA + N3-acetyldibekacin
show the reaction diagram
acetyl-CoA + fortimicin
CoA + N3-acetylfortimicin
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
acetyl-CoA + gentamicin
CoA + N3'-acetyl-gentamicin
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
acetyl-CoA + gentamicin
CoA + N3'-acetylgentamicin
show the reaction diagram
acetyl-CoA + gentamicin A
CoA + N3'-acetylgentamicin A
show the reaction diagram
-
acetylation at 6% the rate of gentamicin C1
-
-
?
acetyl-CoA + gentamicin C
CoA + N3'-acetylgentamicin C
show the reaction diagram
-
acetylation at 86% the rate of gentamicin C1
-
-
?
acetyl-CoA + gentamicin C1
CoA + N3'-acetylgentamicin C1
show the reaction diagram
acetyl-CoA + gentamicin C1a
CoA + N3'-acetylgentamicin C1a
show the reaction diagram
acetyl-CoA + gentamicin C1A
CoA + N3-acetylgentamicin C1A
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
acetyl-CoA + gentamicin C2
CoA + N3'-acetylgentamicin C2
show the reaction diagram
-
acetylation at 84% the rate of gentamicin C1
-
-
?
acetyl-CoA + isepamycin
CoA + N3'-acetylisepamycin
show the reaction diagram
wild-type and recombinant enzyme
-
?
acetyl-CoA + kanamycin
CoA + N3'-acetyl kanamycin
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
acetyl-CoA + kanamycin
CoA + N3'-acetylkanamycin
show the reaction diagram
acetyl-CoA + kanamycin A
CoA + N3'-acetyl-kanamycin A
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
acetyl-CoA + kanamycin A
CoA + N3'-acetylkanamycin A
show the reaction diagram
acetyl-CoA + kanamycin B
CoA + N3'-acetylkanamycin B
show the reaction diagram
acetyl-CoA + kanamycin B
CoA + N3-acetylkanamycin B
show the reaction diagram
acetyl-CoA + lividomycin A
CoA + ?
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
acetyl-CoA + neomycin
CoA + ?
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
acetyl-CoA + neomycin
CoA + N2'-acetylneomycin
show the reaction diagram
wild-type and recombinant enzyme
-
?
acetyl-CoA + neomycin
CoA + N3'-acetylneomycin
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
acetyl-CoA + neomycin B
CoA + ?
show the reaction diagram
acetyl-CoA + neomycin B
CoA + N3'-acetylneomycin B
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
acetyl-CoA + neomycin B
CoA + N3-acetyl-neomycin B
show the reaction diagram
acetyl-CoA + netilmicin
CoA + N3'-acetylnetilmicin
show the reaction diagram
acetyl-CoA + paramomycin
CoA + N3'-acetylparamomycin
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
acetyl-CoA + paromomycin
CoA + N3'-acetyl-paromomycin
show the reaction diagram
acetyl-CoA + paromomycin
CoA + N3'-acetylparomomycin
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
acetyl-CoA + paromomycin
CoA + N3'-acetylparomomycin B
show the reaction diagram
-
not E. coli
-
-
?
acetyl-CoA + ribostamycin
CoA + ?
show the reaction diagram
acetyl-CoA + ribostamycin
CoA + N3'-acetylribostamycin
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
acetyl-CoA + sisomicin
CoA + N3'-acetyl-sisomicin
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
acetyl-CoA + sisomicin
CoA + N3'-acetylsisomicin
show the reaction diagram
acetyl-CoA + sisomicin
CoA + N3-acetylsisomicin
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
acetyl-CoA + sisomycin
CoA + N3'-acetylsisomycin
show the reaction diagram
acetyl-CoA + spectinomycin
CoA + N3'-acetylspectinomycin
show the reaction diagram
wild-type and recombinant enzyme
-
?
acetyl-CoA + streptomycin
CoA + ?
show the reaction diagram
wild-type and recombinant enzyme
-
?
acetyl-CoA + tobramycin
CoA + N3'-acetyl-tobramycin
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
acetyl-CoA + tobramycin
CoA + N3'-acetyltobramycin
show the reaction diagram
acetyl-CoA + tobramycin
CoA + N3-acetyltobramycin
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
butyryl-CoA + kanamycin A
CoA + N3'-butyryl-kanamycin A
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
butyryl-CoA + ribostamycin
CoA + ?
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
desulfo-CoA + ribostamycin
?
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
glutaryl-CoA + kanamycin A
?
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
glycyl-CoA + amikacin
CoA + N3'-glycyl-amikacin
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
glycyl-CoA + gentamicin
CoA + N3'-glycyl-gentamicin
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
glycyl-CoA + kanamycin A
CoA + N3'-glycyl-kanamycin A
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
glycyl-CoA + neomycin B
CoA + N3-glycylneomycin B
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
glycyl-CoA + sisomicin
CoA + N3'-glycyl-sisomicin
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
malonyl-CoA + amikacin
CoA + N3'-malonyl-amikacin
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
malonyl-CoA + gentamicin
CoA + N3'-malonyl-gentamicin
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
malonyl-CoA + kanamycin A
CoA + N3'-malonylkanamycin A
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
malonyl-CoA + neomycin B
CoA + N3-malonylneomycin B
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
malonyl-CoA + ribostamycin
CoA + ?
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
methylmalonyl-CoA + neomycin B
CoA + N3-methylmalonylneomycin B
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
N-propionyl-CoA + amikacin
CoA + N3'-propionyl-amikacin
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
N-propionyl-CoA + gentamicin
CoA + N3'-propionyl-gentamicin
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
n-propionyl-CoA + kanamycin A
CoA + N3'-n-propionylkanamycin A
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
N-propionyl-CoA + kanamycin A
CoA + N3'-propionyl-kanamycin A
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
N-propionyl-CoA + neomycin B
CoA + N3-propionylneomycin B
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
N-propionyl-CoA + paromomycin
CoA + N3'-propionyl-paromomycin
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
N-propionyl-CoA + sisomicin
CoA + N3'-propionyl-sisomicin
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
N-propionyl-CoA + tobramycin
CoA + N3'-propionyl-tobramycin
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
propionyl-CoA + ribostamycin
CoA + ?
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
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NATURAL SUBSTRATES
NATURAL PRODUCTS
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
acetyl-CoA + a 2-deoxystreptamine antibiotic
CoA + N3-acetyl-2-deoxystreptamine antibiotic
show the reaction diagram
acetyl-CoA + dibekacin
CoA + N3-acetyldibekacin
show the reaction diagram
acetyl-CoA + kanamycin B
CoA + N3-acetylkanamycin B
show the reaction diagram
additional information
?
-
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COFACTOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
Ca2+
-
1.0 mM, about 100% activity enhancement
Mg2+
-
1.5 mM, about 100% activity enhancement
NH4+
-
slight activation
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INHIBITORS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
3-(dimethylamino)propylamine
-
0.5 mM, 30% residual activity
acetyltobramycin
-
-
amikacin
-
-
butyryl-CoA
-
dead-end inhibition pattern
CoA
-
product inhibition
EDTA
-
above 0.5 mM
gentamicin C1a
-
substrate inhibition
kanamycin A
-
substrate inhibition
kanamycin B
-
substrate inhibition
N-cyclohexyl-3-(3-dimethylamino-propylamino)-propionamide
-
0.5 mM, 77% inhibition
N-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-ethyl]-3-(3-dimethylamino-propylamino)-propionamide
-
0.5 mM, 63% inhibition
N3-Acetyltobramycin
-
product inhibition
neomycin
-
-
ribostamycin
tobramycin
-
substrate inhibition
additional information
-
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KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.0013 - 0.17
acetyl-CoA
0.00096 - 11.07
amikacin
0.00067
apramycin
in 50 mM HEPES, pH 7.5 and 0.1 mM 4,4'-dithiodipyridine, at pH 7.8 and 25°C
0.237
butirosin
in 50 mM HEPES, pH 7.5 and 0.1 mM 4,4'-dithiodipyridine, at pH 7.8 and 25°C
1.16
butyryl-CoA
in 50 mM HEPES, pH 7.5 and 0.1 mM 4,4'-dithiodipyridine, at pH 7.8 and 25°C
0.0092
dibekacin
pH 6.0, 37°C; recombinant His-tagged enzyme, pH 6.0, 37°C
0.0029 - 0.0189
gentamicin
0.066
gentamicin C1
-
-
0.00012
gentamicin C1a
-
-
0.00097
gentamycin
in 50 mM HEPES, pH 7.5 and 0.1 mM 4,4'-dithiodipyridine, at pH 7.8 and 25°C
0.002 - 0.238
kanamycin A
0.0026 - 0.0138
kanamycin B
0.0036
lividomycin A
-
pH 7.6, 25°C
0.234 - 0.477
malonyl-CoA
0.0886
n-propionyl-CoA
-
cosubstrate kanamycin A, pH 7.6, 25°C
0.00036
neomycin
in 50 mM HEPES, pH 7.5 and 0.1 mM 4,4'-dithiodipyridine, at pH 7.8 and 25°C
0.0012 - 0.0148
neomycin B
0.042
netilmicin
in 50 mM HEPES, pH 7.5 and 0.1 mM 4,4'-dithiodipyridine, at pH 7.8 and 25°C
0.00015 - 0.0033
paromomycin
0.499
propionyl-CoA
in 50 mM HEPES, pH 7.5 and 0.1 mM 4,4'-dithiodipyridine, at pH 7.8 and 25°C
0.0023 - 0.0031
ribostamycin
0.00057 - 0.0015
sisomicin
0.00033 - 0.0015
sisomycin
0.0013 - 0.0054
tobramycin
additional information
additional information
-
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TURNOVER NUMBER [1/s]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.24 - 39.4
acetyl-CoA
0.124 - 0.5
amikacin
61
apramycin
in 50 mM HEPES, pH 7.5 and 0.1 mM 4,4'-dithiodipyridine, at pH 7.8 and 25°C
3.5
butirosin
in 50 mM HEPES, pH 7.5 and 0.1 mM 4,4'-dithiodipyridine, at pH 7.8 and 25°C
0.3
butyryl-CoA
in 50 mM HEPES, pH 7.5 and 0.1 mM 4,4'-dithiodipyridine, at pH 7.8 and 25°C
0.17
dibekacin
pH 6.0, 37°C; recombinant His-tagged enzyme, pH 6.0, 37°C
0.041 - 0.182
gentamicin
40
gentamycin
in 50 mM HEPES, pH 7.5 and 0.1 mM 4,4'-dithiodipyridine, at pH 7.8 and 25°C
0.012 - 80
kanamycin A
0.23 - 55
kanamycin B
33.8
lividomycin A
-
pH 7.6, 25°C
5.7 - 9
malonyl-CoA
10.2
n-propionyl-CoA
-
cosubstrate kanamycin A, pH 7.6, 25°C
10 - 60
neomycin
0.076 - 9.5
neomycin B
32
netilmicin
in 50 mM HEPES, pH 7.5 and 0.1 mM 4,4'-dithiodipyridine, at pH 7.8 and 25°C
34
paramomycin
pH 7.6, 25°C
-
15 - 33.6
paromomycin
33
propionyl-CoA
in 50 mM HEPES, pH 7.5 and 0.1 mM 4,4'-dithiodipyridine, at pH 7.8 and 25°C
23.5 - 146
ribostamycin
0.121 - 0.173
sisomicin
46 - 51
sisomycin
0.089 - 162
tobramycin
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kcat/KM VALUE [1/mMs-1]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
89 - 2600
acetyl-CoA
18
dibekacin
pH 6.0, 37°C; recombinant His-tagged enzyme, pH 6.0, 37°C
10600 - 11200
kanamycin A
17 - 34400
kanamycin B
9500
lividomycin A
-
pH 7.6, 25°C
30
malonyl-CoA
-
cosubstrate kanamycin A, pH 7.6, 25°C
120
n-propionyl-CoA
-
cosubstrate kanamycin A, pH 7.6, 25°C
9100
neomycin B
-
pH 7.6, 25°C
10800
paromomycin
-
pH 7.6, 25°C
10600
ribostamycin
-
pH 7.6, 25°C
30700 - 33400
sisomycin
36900 - 60500
tobramycin
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Ki VALUE [mM]
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.381
kanamycin A
-
pH 7.6, 25°C
0.0059
ribostamycin
-
pH 7.6, 25°C
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SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
9.743
-
pH 7.2, 34°C
additional information
-
Vmax 0.102 (sisomicin), pH 7.2, 34°C
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pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
6.6
-
assay at
8
corresponds to the plateau region of the pH profile, where the velocity is maximal and the variations in velocity due to changes in pH are smallest
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TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
25
-
assay at
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pI VALUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
5.7
calculated from amino acid sequence
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SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
SOURCE
additional information
analysis of enzyme expression in several clinical isolates, overview
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
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LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
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MOLECULAR WEIGHT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
18630
-
18649 Da predicted from nucleotide sequence, 18630 Da found by mass spectrometry
28000
2 * 28000, enzyme in solution
54000
dynamic light scattering
55750
calculated from amino acid sequence
60000
Sephacryl-S200 gel filtration
additional information
-
amino acid analysis
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SUBUNITS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
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POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
side-chain modification
-
cleavage of the hexahistidine tag by tobacco etch virus protease
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Crystallization/COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
X-ray structure of a recombinant enzyme, expressed in its selenomethionine substituted form, cocrystallization with 5 mM CoA at 4°C and pH: 7.8, crystal cryoprotection achieved with 17% glycerol and 8% 2R,3R-butanediol, active center found by X-ray analysis and model building
-
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TEMPERATURE STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
40
-
above, inactivation within 2 min
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GENERAL STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
dialysis against EDTA with subsequent Mg2+-addition to dialyzed enzyme has no effect on activity
-
enzyme activity is significantly stabilized when preparations contain substrate
-
gel filtration leads to complete inactivation
-
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STORAGE STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
-20°C, partially purified, several months
-
-20°C, purified, several days
-
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Purification/COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
Fast Flow Q-Sepharose anion exchange column chromatography and Phenyl Sepharose column chromatography
Ni2+-affinity chromatography
plasmid pPK237 transferred to and expressed in E. coli K12, affinity chromatography
-
recombinant His-tagged enzyme from Escherichia coli strain BL21 Star(DE3) by nickel affinity chromatography and ultrafiltration
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Cloned/COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
expressed in Escherichia coli
expressed in the pET-23a(+) expression vector
expression in Escherichia coli
-
expression in Escherichia coli DH5alpha
expression in Escherichia coli K802N by mating
expression of C- or N-terminally His-tagged enzyme from vectors pET22b, and pET28a or Int-pET19b-pps, respectively
-
gene aac(3)-Id, in a class 1 integron
-
gene aacC2, genotyping
gne aac(3)-XI, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, genomic organization, the aac(3)-XI gene is located downstream from a gene for a transposase (TnpCx) and upstream from that for a two-component system sensor kinase, the sequence upstream from aac(3)-XI does not reveal any putative promoter, recombinant expression of His-tagged enzyme in Escherichia coli strains TOP10 and BL21 Star(DE3)
plasmid transfer pIJ702 to Streptomyces lividans TK21
-
Pseudomonas aeruginosa plasmid pPK237 transferred to and expressed in Escherichia coli K12
-
wild-type and truncated enzymes expressed in Escherichia coli
-
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APPLICATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
medicine
synthesis
-
development of a methodology that utilizes aminoglycoside acetyltransferase and unnatural acyl-CoA analogues for the chemoenzymatic generation of regioselectively N-acylatedaminoglycoside analogues. Aminoglycosides are broad-spectrum antibiotics commonly used for the treatment of serious bacterial infections
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Show AA Sequence (186 entries)
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LINKS TO OTHER DATABASES (specific for EC-Number 2.3.1.81)
ExplorEnz
ExPASy
KEGG
MetaCyc
SABIO-RK
NCBI: PubMed, Protein, Nucleotide, Structure, Genome, OMIM
IUBMB Enzyme Nomenclature
PROSITE Database of protein families and domains
InterPro (database of protein families, domains and functional sites)