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Information on EC 2.3.1.6 - choline O-acetyltransferase and Organism(s) Mus musculus and UniProt Accession Q03059

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     2 Transferases
         2.3 Acyltransferases
             2.3.1 Transferring groups other than aminoacyl groups
                2.3.1.6 choline O-acetyltransferase
IUBMB Comments
Propanoyl-CoA can act, more slowly, in place of acetyl-CoA.
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This record set is specific for:
Mus musculus
UNIPROT: Q03059
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The taxonomic range for the selected organisms is: Mus musculus
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Eukaryota, Bacteria
Synonyms
choline acetyltransferase, choline acetyl transferase, pchat, choline-acetyltransferase, cchat, choline acetylase, choline o-acetyltransferase, acetyl-coa:choline o-acetyltransferase, acetyl-coa:choline-o-acetyltransferase, peripheral type of choline acetyltransferase, more
SYNONYM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
acetyl CoA:choline-O-acetyltransferase
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acetyl-CoA:choline-O-acetyltransferase
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acetyltransferase, choline
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chAcT
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choline acetyl transferase
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choline acetylase
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choline acetyltransferase
REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
Acyl group transfer
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PATHWAY SOURCE
PATHWAYS
SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
Propanoyl-CoA can act, more slowly, in place of acetyl-CoA.
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY hide
9012-78-6
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT                       
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
acetyl-CoA + choline
acetylcholine + CoA
show the reaction diagram
acetyl-CoA + choline
CoA + O-acetylcholine
show the reaction diagram
NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
acetyl-CoA + choline
acetylcholine + CoA
show the reaction diagram
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synthesis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine
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r
acetyl-CoA + choline
CoA + O-acetylcholine
show the reaction diagram
METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
additional information
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addition of K+ does not affect activity
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
bromo-acetylcholine
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nerve growth factor
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nerve growth factor, under specific development conditions, leads to a paradoxical down-regulation of the enzyme
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ocadaic acid
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ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
choline
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extracellular choline increases acetylcholine contents in the cell
high-affinity choline transporter
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i.e. CHT1, plays a key role in acetylcholine synthesis and choline uptake, CHT1 inhibition also inhibits acetylcholine formation, overview
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kinesin-associated protein 3
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i.e. KAP3, is a kinesin-2 subunit responsible for binding to cargos including choline acetyltransferase. Sequestration by misfolded SOD1 species results in inhibition of ChAT transport
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KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.88
choline
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pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
7.4
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assay at
TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
37
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assay at
ORGANISM
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
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UniProt
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
SOURCE
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ChAT activity is higher in Ts65Dn mice at both 19 and 24 months of age compared to normogenic animals
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
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non-neuronal cholinergic cell
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
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no significant differences of ChAT activity are measured at both 19 and 24 months of age between Ts65Dn mice and normogenic animals
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
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no significant differences of ChAT activity are measured at both 19 and 24 months of age between Ts65Dn mice and normogenic animals
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
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motor neurons
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
additional information
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immunofluorescent localization study, overview
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
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ChAT transport in the microtubule, schematic overview
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
additional information
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immunofluorescent localization study, overview
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Manually annotated by BRENDA team
GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
physiological function
choline acetyltransferase is robustly induced in both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells during lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection in an IL-21-dependent manner. Deletion of ChAT within the T cell compartment in mice ablates vasodilation in response to infection, impairs the migration of antiviral T cells into infected tissues, and ultimately compromises the control of chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus clone 13 infection
malfunction
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mutations in the superoxide dismutase 1, sod1, gene cause familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and motor axons in SOD1G93A-Tg mice also show a reduction in ChAT transport from the pre-onset stage, microtubule-dependent release of acetylcholine is significantly impaired by misfolded SOD1 species, overview. Sequestration by misfolded SOD1 species results in inhibition of ChAT transport, which plays a role in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, overview
physiological function
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ChAT is the rate-limiting enzyme of generating acetylcholine, which is synthesized in cholinergic neuronal cell bodies. Insulin signaling may play an important part in the activities of cholinergic neurons
UNIPROT
ENTRY NAME
ORGANISM
NO. OF AA
NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]
SOURCE
SEQUENCE
LOCALIZATION PREDICTION?
CLAT_MOUSE
641
0
71853
Swiss-Prot
other Location (Reliability: 2)
CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
stable expression of the enzyme in NIH-3T3 fibroblasts, expression of ChAT and high-affinity choline transporter CHT1 in NIH-3T3 cells giving NIH3T3ChAT 112-1 cells leading to increased binding of the CHT1 inhibitor hemicholinium-3 and greater choline uptake and acetylcholine synthesis compared to NIH3T3ChAT 103-1 cells, a CHT1-negative control cell line
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APPLICATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
diagnostics
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ChAT is selected as a marker of cholinergicneurons. In the CA1 region of hippocampus of mice, several of the insulin signaling-related proteins are co-located with ChAT, and most double immunoreactive positive cells are pyramidal cells
REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Malthe-Sorenssen, D.
Molecular properties of choline acetyltransferase from different species investigated by isoelectric focusing and ion exchange adsorption
J. Neurochem.
26
861-865
1976
Oryctolagus cuniculus, Platyrrhini, Mus musculus, Torpedo sp.
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Faivre-Bauman, A.; Loudes, C.; Neveu, I.; Naveilhan, P.; Vantini, G.; Epelbaum, J.; Onteniente, B.
Decreased choline acetyltransferase activity in nerve growth factor-transgenic mice during brain development
Neuroscience
62
333-336
1994
Mus musculus
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Sigle, J.P.; Zander, J.; Ehret, A.; Honegger, J.; Jackisch, R.; Feuerstein, T.J.
High potassium-induced activation of choline-acetyltransferase in human neocortex: implications and species differences
Brain Res. Bull.
60
255-262
2003
Homo sapiens, Mus musculus
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Santamaria, J.; Khalfallah, O.; Sauty, C.; Brunet, I.; Sibieude, M.; Mallet, J.; Berrard, S.; Lecomte, M.J.
Silencing of choline acetyltransferase expression by lentivirus-mediated RNA interference in cultured cells and in the adult rodent brain
J. Neurosci. Res.
87
532-544
2009
Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Contestabile, A.; Ciani, E.; Contestabile, A.
The place of choline acetyltransferase activity measurement in the "cholinergic hypothesis" of neurodegenerative diseases
Neurochem. Res.
33
318-327
2008
Homo sapiens, Mus musculus
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Wang, H.; Wang, R.; Zhao, Z.; Ji, Z.; Xu, S.; Holscher, C.; Sheng, S.
Coexistences of insulin signaling-related proteins and choline acetyltransferase in neurons
Brain Res.
1249
237-243
2009
Mus musculus
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Tateno, M.; Kato, S.; Sakurai, T.; Nukina, N.; Takahashi, R.; Araki, T.
Mutant SOD1 impairs axonal transport of choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholine release by sequestering KAP3
Hum. Mol. Genet.
18
942-955
2009
Mus musculus
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Fujii, T.; Masai, M.; Misawa, H.; Okuda, T.; Takada-Takatori, Y.; Moriwaki, Y.; Haga, T.; Kawashima, K.
Acetylcholine synthesis and release in NIH3T3 cells coexpressing the high-affinity choline transporter and choline acetyltransferase
J. Neurosci. Res.
87
3024-3032
2009
Mus musculus
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Cox, M.; Duncan, G.; Lin, G.; Steinberg, B.; Yu, L.; Brenner, D.; Buckler, L.; Elia, A.; Wakeham, A.; Nieman, B.; Dominguez-Brauer, C.; Elford, A.; Gill, K.; Kubli, S.; Haight, J.; Berger, T.; Ohashi, P.; Tracey, K.; Olofsson, P.; Mak, T.
Choline acetyltransferase expressing T cells are required to control chronic viral infection
Science
363
639-644
2019
Mus musculus (Q03059)
Manually annotated by BRENDA team