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IUBMB Comments The enzyme has been isolated from the plants Erythroxylum novogranatense and Atropa belladonna , and is widely distributed in Solanaceae and Erythroxylaceae plants, where it is involved in the biosynthesis of tropane alkaloids. The enzyme has also been isolated from the club-moss Huperzia serrata , and by implication is likely present in other Lycopodiaceae plants, where it is involved in the biosynthesis of lycopodium alkaloids.
Synonyms
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pyrrolidine ketide synthase
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PKS1
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isoform
PYKS
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2 malonyl-CoA + H2O = 3-oxoglutarate + 2 CoA + CO2
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malonyl-CoA:malonyl-CoA malonyltransferase (3-oxoglutarate-forming)
The enzyme has been isolated from the plants Erythroxylum novogranatense and Atropa belladonna, and is widely distributed in Solanaceae and Erythroxylaceae plants, where it is involved in the biosynthesis of tropane alkaloids. The enzyme has also been isolated from the club-moss Huperzia serrata, and by implication is likely present in other Lycopodiaceae plants, where it is involved in the biosynthesis of lycopodium alkaloids.
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2 malonyl-CoA + H2O
3-oxoglutarate + 2 CoA + CO2
N-methyl-DELTA1-pyrrolinium + 2 malonyl-CoA
4-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)-3-oxobutanoic acid + ?
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Substrates: -
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additional information
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2 malonyl-CoA + H2O
3-oxoglutarate + 2 CoA + CO2
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Substrates: -
?
2 malonyl-CoA + H2O
3-oxoglutarate + 2 CoA + CO2
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Substrates: -
?
2 malonyl-CoA + H2O
3-oxoglutarate + 2 CoA + CO2
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Substrates: -
?
2 malonyl-CoA + H2O
3-oxoglutarate + 2 CoA + CO2
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Substrates: -
?
2 malonyl-CoA + H2O
3-oxoglutarate + 2 CoA + CO2
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Substrates: -
?
2 malonyl-CoA + H2O
3-oxoglutarate + 2 CoA + CO2
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Substrates: -
?
additional information
?
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Substrates: the enzyme cannot accept most acryl- CoAs, such as p-coumaroyl-, coumaryl-, feruloyl-, benzoyl-, and hexanoyl-CoA
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additional information
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Substrates: the enzyme cannot accept most acryl- CoAs, such as p-coumaroyl-, coumaryl-, feruloyl-, benzoyl-, and hexanoyl-CoA
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2 malonyl-CoA + H2O
3-oxoglutarate + 2 CoA + CO2
2 malonyl-CoA + H2O
3-oxoglutarate + 2 CoA + CO2
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Substrates: -
?
2 malonyl-CoA + H2O
3-oxoglutarate + 2 CoA + CO2
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Substrates: -
?
2 malonyl-CoA + H2O
3-oxoglutarate + 2 CoA + CO2
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Substrates: -
?
2 malonyl-CoA + H2O
3-oxoglutarate + 2 CoA + CO2
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Substrates: -
?
2 malonyl-CoA + H2O
3-oxoglutarate + 2 CoA + CO2
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Substrates: -
?
2 malonyl-CoA + H2O
3-oxoglutarate + 2 CoA + CO2
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Substrates: -
?
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N-methyl-DELTA1-pyrrolinium
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0.012
malonyl-CoA
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pH and temperature not specified in the publication
0.01
N-methyl-DELTA1-pyrrolinium
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pH and temperature not specified in the publication
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10
malonyl-CoA
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pH and temperature not specified in the publication
12.3
N-methyl-DELTA1-pyrrolinium
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pH and temperature not specified in the publication
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848
malonyl-CoA
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pH and temperature not specified in the publication
1174
N-methyl-DELTA1-pyrrolinium
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pH and temperature not specified in the publication
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0.28
malonyl-CoA
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pH and temperature not specified in the publication
0.103
N-methyl-DELTA1-pyrrolinium
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pH and temperature not specified in the publication
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5 - 9
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the enzyme displays catalytic activity from pH 5.0 to 9.0, but production of 4-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)-3-oxobutanoic acid is maximized relative to production of hygrine and cuscohygrine at around pH 8.0 in potassium phosphate buffer
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Highest Expressing Human Cell Lines
Filter by:
Cell Line Links
Gene Links
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homodimer
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x-ray crystallography
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hanging drop vapor diffusion method, using 1% (w/v) tryptone, 0.05 M HEPES sodium 7.0, 12% (w/v) PEG3350, 1mM ssodium azide
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sitting drop vapor diffusion method, using 0.2 M calcium acetate, 20% (w/v) PEG3350, 0.1 M Tris-HCl pH 7.0
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K138E
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the mutant of isoform PKS2 is inactive
K138M
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the mutant of isoform PKS2 is inactive
K138R
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the mutant of isoform PKS2 shows wild type activity
R212A
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the mutant of isoform PKS2 shows about 70% activity compared to the wild type enzyme
R212K
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the mutant of isoform PKS2 shows wild type activity
R212L
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the mutant of isoform PKS2 shows less than 40% activity compared to the wild type enzyme
S339L
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the mutant of isoform PKS2 is inactive
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GSH-Sepharose. column chromatography
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Ni-NTA agarose column chromatography and Superdex S200 gel filtration
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expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) cells
expressed in Escherichia coli Rosetta (DE3) cells
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expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) cells
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expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) cells
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Huang, J.P.; Fang, C.; Ma, X.; Wang, L.; Yang, J.; Luo, J.; Yan, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Huang, S.X.
Tropane alkaloids biosynthesis involves an unusual type III polyketide synthase and non-enzymatic condensation
Nat. Commun.
10
4036
2019
Anisodus acutangulus, Atropa belladonna, Datura stramonium
brenda
Tian, T.; Wang, Y.J.; Huang, J.P.; Li, J.; Xu, B.; Chen, Y.; Wang, L.; Yang, J.; Yan, Y.; Huang, S.X.
Catalytic innovation underlies independent recruitment of polyketide synthases in cocaine and hyoscyamine biosynthesis
Nat. Commun.
13
4994
2022
Erythroxylum novogranatense
brenda
Bedewitz, M.; Jones, A.; D'Auria, J.; Barry, C.
Tropinone synthesis via an atypical polyketide synthase and P450-mediated cyclization
Nat. Commun.
9
5281
2018
Atropa belladonna
brenda
Wang, J.
Zhang, Z.K.; Jiang, F.F.; Qi, B.W.; Ding, N.; Hnin, S.Y.Y.; Liu, X.; Li, J.; Wang, X.H.; Tu, P.F.; Abe, I.; Morita, H.; Shi, S.P. Deciphering the biosynthetic mechanism of pelletierine in Lycopodium alkaloid biosynthesis
Org. Lett.
22
8725-8729
2020
Huperzia serrata, Phlegmariurus cryptomerinus
brenda
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