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Information on EC 2.3.1.225 - protein S-acyltransferase and Organism(s) Saccharomyces cerevisiae and UniProt Accession P39010

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EC Tree
     2 Transferases
         2.3 Acyltransferases
             2.3.1 Transferring groups other than aminoacyl groups
                2.3.1.225 protein S-acyltransferase
IUBMB Comments
The enzyme catalyses the posttranslational protein palmitoylation that plays a role in protein-membrane interactions, protein trafficking, and enzyme activity. Palmitoylation increases the hydrophobicity of proteins or protein domains and contributes to their membrane association.
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Saccharomyces cerevisiae
UNIPROT: P39010
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Word Map
The taxonomic range for the selected organisms is: Saccharomyces cerevisiae
The enzyme appears in selected viruses and cellular organisms
Synonyms
hip14, dhhc3, palmitoyl acyltransferase, dhhc5, zdhhc5, dhhc2, akr1p, zdhhc3, protein acyltransferase, dhhc protein, more
SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
palmitoyl-CoA:[protein]-L-cysteine S-palmitoyltransferase
The enzyme catalyses the posttranslational protein palmitoylation that plays a role in protein-membrane interactions, protein trafficking, and enzyme activity. Palmitoylation increases the hydrophobicity of proteins or protein domains and contributes to their membrane association.
SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT                       
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
palmitoyl-CoA + [Lcb4 protein]-L-cysteine
[Lcb4 prpotein]-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine + CoA
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
palmitoyl-CoA + [Meh1 protein]-L-cysteine
[Meh1 protein]-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine + CoA
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
palmitoyl-CoA + [Sna4 protein]-L-cysteine
[Sna4 protein]-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine + CoA
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
palmitoyl-CoA + [Vac8 protein]-L-cysteine
[Vac8 protein]-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine + CoA
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
palmitoyl-CoA + [Yck1 protein]-L-cysteine
[Yck1 protein]-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine + CoA
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
palmitoyl-CoA + [Yck2 protein]-L-cysteine
[Yck2 protein]-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine + CoA
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
palmitoyl-CoA + [Yck3 protein]-L-cysteine
[Yck3 protein]-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine + CoA
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
palmitoyl-CoA + [Ykl047w protein]-L-cysteine
[Ykl047w protein]-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine + CoA
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
palmitoyl-CoA + [Ypl199c protein]-L-cysteine
[Ypl199c protein]-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine + CoA
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
palmitoyl-CoA + [Ypl236c protein]-L-cysteine
[Ypl236c protein]-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine + CoA
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
palmitoyl-CoA + [Chs3]-L-cysteine
[Chs3]-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine + CoA
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
palmitoyl-CoA + [Gialpha1]-L-cysteine
[Gialpha1]-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine + CoA
show the reaction diagram
palmitoyl-CoA + [Gpa1 protein]-L-cysteine
[Gpa1 protein]-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine + CoA
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
palmitoyl-CoA + [Gpa2 protein]-L-cysteine
[Gpa2 protein]-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine + CoA
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
palmitoyl-CoA + [H-Ras]-L-cysteine
[H-Ras]-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine + CoA
show the reaction diagram
-
H-Ras is palmitoylated at two cysteine residues immediately upstream of its farnesylated and carboxylmethylated C-terminus, substrate of APT1
-
-
r
palmitoyl-CoA + [Lcb4 protein]-L-cysteine
[Lcb4 prpotein]-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine + CoA
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
palmitoyl-CoA + [Meh1 protein]-L-cysteine
[Meh1 protein]-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine + CoA
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
palmitoyl-CoA + [Mnn1 protein]-L-cysteine
[Mnn1 protein]-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine + CoA
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
palmitoyl-CoA + [Mnn10 protein]-L-cysteine
[Mnn10 protein]-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine + CoA
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
palmitoyl-CoA + [Mnn11 protein]-L-cysteine
[Mnn11 protein]-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine + CoA
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
palmitoyl-CoA + [Pfa4]-L-cysteine
[Pfa4]-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine + CoA
show the reaction diagram
autoacylation
-
-
?
palmitoyl-CoA + [Pin2 protein]-L-cysteine
[Pin2 protein]-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine + CoA
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
palmitoyl-CoA + [protein]-L-cysteine
[protein]-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine + CoA
show the reaction diagram
palmitoyl-CoA + [Psr1 protein]-L-cysteine
[Psr1 protein]-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine + CoA
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
palmitoyl-CoA + [Ras1 protein]-L-cysteine
[Ras1 protein]-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine + CoA
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
palmitoyl-CoA + [Ras1p]-L-cysteine
[Ras1p]-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine + CoA
show the reaction diagram
-
Ras oncogene homologues, Ras1p and Ras2p, undergo reversible palmitoylation by Erf2p on a Cys residue adjacent to the canonical CaaX box prenylation motif at the C-terminus of the protein
-
-
r
palmitoyl-CoA + [Ras2 protein]-L-cysteine
[Ras2 protein]-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine + CoA
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
palmitoyl-CoA + [Ras2p]-L-cysteine
[Ras2p]-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine + CoA
show the reaction diagram
-
Ras oncogene homologues, Ras1p and Ras2p, undergo reversible palmitoylation by Erf2p on a Cys residue adjacent to the canonical CaaX box prenylation motif at the C-terminus of the protein. both Erf2p and Erf4p are involved in the palmitoylation of Ras2p, overview. Mutation of the palmitoylated Cys to Ser abolishes palmitoylation and results in a mislocalization of Ras2p from the plasma membrane to endomembranes. Yeast Erf2p-Erf4p Ras PAT work best with yeast Ras2 protein and less well with mammalian myristoylated GiR subunits or mammalian Ha-Ras. Long chain acyl-CoA substrates, 16 and 18 carbons, are preferred over shorter acyl chains, below 14 carbons
-
-
r
palmitoyl-CoA + [Ras]-L-cysteine
[Ras]-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine + CoA
show the reaction diagram
-
yeast Ras protein is a substrate of Erf2
-
-
r
palmitoyl-CoA + [RGS4]-L-cysteine
[RGS4]-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine + CoA
show the reaction diagram
-
RGS4 is palmitoylated at two cysteine residues near its amino terminus (C2 and C12) and a cysteine residue in the RGS core domain, substrate of APT1
-
-
r
palmitoyl-CoA + [Rho2 protein]-L-cysteine
[Rho2 protein]-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine + CoA
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
palmitoyl-CoA + [Rho3 protein]-L-cysteine
[Rho3 protein]-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine + CoA
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
palmitoyl-CoA + [Snc1]-L-cysteine
[Snc1]-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine + CoA
show the reaction diagram
palmitoyl-CoA + [Ste18 protein]-L-cysteine
[Ste18 protein]-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine + CoA
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
palmitoyl-CoA + [Swf1]-L-cysteine
[Swf1]-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine + CoA
show the reaction diagram
autoacylation
-
-
?
palmitoyl-CoA + [Syn8]-L-cysteine
[Syn8]-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine + CoA
show the reaction diagram
palmitoyl-CoA + [Tlg1]-L-cysteine
[Tlg1]-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine + CoA
show the reaction diagram
palmitoyl-CoA + [Vac8 protein]-L-cysteine
[Vac8 protein]-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine + CoA
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
palmitoyl-CoA + [Vac8p]-L-cysteine
[Vac8p]-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine + CoA
show the reaction diagram
palmitoyl-CoA + [Vac8]-L-cysteine
[Vac8]-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine + CoA
show the reaction diagram
palmitoyl-CoA + [Yck2p]-L-cysteine
[Yck2p]-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine + CoA
show the reaction diagram
-
Akr1p is a palmitoyltransferase for Yck2p that catalyzes the transfer of palmitate from palmitoyl-CoA to a C-terminal Cys residue, formation of an Akr1p-palmitoyl intermediate
-
-
r
palmitoyl-CoA + [Yck2]-L-cysteine
[Yck2]-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine + CoA
show the reaction diagram
-
yeast casein kinase Yck2 is a substrate of Akr1
-
-
r
palmitoyl-CoA + [Ycp4 protein]-L-cysteine
[Ycp4 protein]-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine + CoA
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
palmitoyl-CoA + [Ygl108 protein]-L-cysteine
[Ygl108 protein]-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine + CoA
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
palmitoyl-CoA + [Gialpha1]-L-cysteine
[Gialpha1]-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine + CoA
show the reaction diagram
-
Gialpha1 is myristoylated at its amino terminus and palmitoylated at an adjacent cysteine, preferred substrate of APT1
-
-
r
palmitoyl-CoA + [H-Ras]-L-cysteine
[H-Ras]-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine + CoA
show the reaction diagram
-
H-Ras is palmitoylated at two cysteine residues immediately upstream of its farnesylated and carboxylmethylated C-terminus, substrate of APT1
-
-
r
palmitoyl-CoA + [protein]-L-cysteine
[protein]-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine + CoA
show the reaction diagram
palmitoyl-CoA + [Ras1p]-L-cysteine
[Ras1p]-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine + CoA
show the reaction diagram
-
Ras oncogene homologues, Ras1p and Ras2p, undergo reversible palmitoylation by Erf2p on a Cys residue adjacent to the canonical CaaX box prenylation motif at the C-terminus of the protein
-
-
r
palmitoyl-CoA + [Ras2p]-L-cysteine
[Ras2p]-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine + CoA
show the reaction diagram
-
Ras oncogene homologues, Ras1p and Ras2p, undergo reversible palmitoylation by Erf2p on a Cys residue adjacent to the canonical CaaX box prenylation motif at the C-terminus of the protein. both Erf2p and Erf4p are involved in the palmitoylation of Ras2p, overview. Mutation of the palmitoylated Cys to Ser abolishes palmitoylation and results in a mislocalization of Ras2p from the plasma membrane to endomembranes. Yeast Erf2p-Erf4p Ras PAT work best with yeast Ras2 protein and less well with mammalian myristoylated GiR subunits or mammalian Ha-Ras. Long chain acyl-CoA substrates, 16 and 18 carbons, are preferred over shorter acyl chains, below 14 carbons
-
-
r
palmitoyl-CoA + [Ras]-L-cysteine
[Ras]-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine + CoA
show the reaction diagram
-
yeast Ras protein is a substrate of Erf2
-
-
r
palmitoyl-CoA + [RGS4]-L-cysteine
[RGS4]-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine + CoA
show the reaction diagram
-
RGS4 is palmitoylated at two cysteine residues near its amino terminus (C2 and C12) and a cysteine residue in the RGS core domain, substrate of APT1
-
-
r
palmitoyl-CoA + [Vac8p]-L-cysteine
[Vac8p]-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine + CoA
show the reaction diagram
-
recombinant Vac8p is palmitoylated when added to vacuoles and is anchored to membranes after modi¢cation
-
-
r
palmitoyl-CoA + [Vac8]-L-cysteine
[Vac8]-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine + CoA
show the reaction diagram
-
Vac8 is a substrate of Pfa3, Vac8 is a myristoylated and palmitoylated protein that localizes to the vacuolar membrane and is required for vacuolar fusion
-
-
r
palmitoyl-CoA + [Yck2p]-L-cysteine
[Yck2p]-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine + CoA
show the reaction diagram
-
Akr1p is a palmitoyltransferase for Yck2p that catalyzes the transfer of palmitate from palmitoyl-CoA to a C-terminal Cys residue, formation of an Akr1p-palmitoyl intermediate
-
-
r
palmitoyl-CoA + [Yck2]-L-cysteine
[Yck2]-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine + CoA
show the reaction diagram
-
yeast casein kinase Yck2 is a substrate of Akr1
-
-
r
additional information
?
-
-
in the absence of cellular factors, palmitoyl-CoA is capable of spontaneously S-acylating cysteinyl thiols, overview. Effects of APT1 on palmitate turnover on Gsalpha are not due to effects on the rate of turnover of palmitoyl-CoA
-
-
?
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
2-bromo-palmitate
-
protein palmitoylation inhibitor in vivo
2-Bromopalmitate
-
-
ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
ATP
-
both intermediate formation and acyl transfer to Yck2p by Akr1p are stimulated by ATP
Erf4
-
required by Erf2 for activity, Erf2 and Erf4 copurify as a complex and interact in a yeast two-hybrid assay
-
pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
ORGANISM
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
-
enzyme class II
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
-
ERF2 encodes a protein with four predicted membrane-spanning domains
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
-
enzyme class I
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
-
Sec18p is a vacuolar PAT
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
evolution
-
the enzymes belong to the DHHC family, homology and phylogeny of DHHC proteins, overview
malfunction
physiological function
additional information
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
42000
-
x * 42000, Erf2
SUBUNIT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
?
-
x * 42000, Erf2
additional information
-
yeast S-palmitoyltransferases contain DHHC-cysteine rich domains
POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
palmitoylation
enzyme undergoes autoacylation
PROTEIN VARIANTS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
C164R
substitution of the conserved cysteine in the DHHC motif. Overexpression of this mutant allows to partially complement an isoform Swf1 gene deletion and to acylate the Swf1 substrates Tlg1, Syn8, and Snc1. Mutant protein is not acylated
H162Q
substitution in the DHHC motif, mutant is partially active
H162Q/C164R
substitutions in the DHHC motif, mutant is inactive
additional information
PURIFICATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
Akr1p is purified from yeast to apparent homogeneity
-
REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Linder, M. E.; Deschenes, R. J.
New insights into the mechanisms of protein palmitoylation
Biochemistry
42
4311-4320
2003
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Drosophila melanogaster, Homo sapiens, Rattus norvegicus
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Veit, M.; Dietrich, L.E.P.; Ungermann, C.
Biochemical characterization of the vacuolar palmitoyl acyltransferase
FEBS Lett.
540
101-105
2003
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces cerevisiae BJ3505
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Mitchell, D. A.; Vasudevan, A.; Linder, M. E.; Deschenes, R. J.
Protein palmitoylation by a family of DHHC protein S-acyltransferases
J. Lipid Res.
47
1118-1127
2006
Drosophila melanogaster, Homo sapiens, Homo sapiens (Q8IUH5), Homo sapiens (Q9Y397), Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Gonzalez Montoro, A.; Chumpen Ramirez, S.; Valdez Taubas, J.
The canonical DHHC motif is not absolutely required for the activity of the yeast S-acyltransferases Swf1 and Pfa4
J. Biol. Chem.
290
22448-22459
2015
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Q04629), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Q12006)
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Li, Y.; Qi, B.
Progress toward understanding protein S-acylation Prospective in plants
Front. Plant Sci.
8
346
2017
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (P39010), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (P42836), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Q03289), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Q04629), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Q06551), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Q12006), Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 204508 (P39010), Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 204508 (P42836), Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 204508 (Q03289), Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 204508 (Q04629), Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 204508 (Q06551), Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 204508 (Q12006)
Manually annotated by BRENDA team