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Information on EC 2.3.1.183 - phosphinothricin acetyltransferase and Organism(s) Streptomyces hygroscopicus and UniProt Accession P16426

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EC Tree
IUBMB Comments
The substrate phosphinothricin is used as a nonselective herbicide and is a potent inhibitor of EC 6.3.1.2, glutamine synthetase, a key enzyme of nitrogen metabolism in plants .
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Streptomyces hygroscopicus
UNIPROT: P16426
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The taxonomic range for the selected organisms is: Streptomyces hygroscopicus
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Bacteria, Eukaryota, Archaea
Synonyms
phosphinothricin acetyltransferase, phosphinothricin-n-acetyltransferase, phosphinothricin n-acetyltransferase, ppt acetyltransferase, gk2920, gk0593, dr_1182, more
SYNONYM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
phosphinothricin acetyltransferase
-
phosphinothricin-N-acetyltransferase
-
phosphinothricin acetyltransferase
-
-
PPT acetyltransferase
-
-
SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
acetyl-CoA:phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase
The substrate phosphinothricin is used as a nonselective herbicide and is a potent inhibitor of EC 6.3.1.2, glutamine synthetase, a key enzyme of nitrogen metabolism in plants [2].
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY hide
111069-93-3
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT                       
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
acetyl-CoA + L-phosphinothricin
CoA + L-N-acetylphosphinothricin
show the reaction diagram
phosphinothricin + acetyl-CoA
L-N-acetylphosphinothricin + CoA
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
acetyl-CoA + bialaphos
CoA + L-N-acetylphosphinothricin bialophos
show the reaction diagram
acetyl-CoA + L-phosphinothricin
CoA + L-N-acetylphosphinothricin
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
acetyl-CoA + L-phosphinothricin
CoA + L-N-acetylphosphinothricin
show the reaction diagram
the enzyme is responsible for resistance to L-phosphinothricin and bialaphos
-
-
?
acetyl-CoA + bialaphos
CoA + L-N-acetylphosphinothricin bialophos
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
acetyl-CoA + L-phosphinothricin
CoA + L-N-acetylphosphinothricin
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
COFACTOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
additional information
additional information
-
Michaelis-Menten kinetic analysis of the recombinant wild-type and modified enzymes
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SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
additional information
pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
pH RANGE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
6 - 9
-
no activity at pH 5.0 and pH 10.0
TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
TEMPERATURE RANGE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
ORGANISM
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
SOURCE
GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
physiological function
insertion of the gene encoding phosphinothricin acetyltransferase has resulted in cotton plants resistant to the herbicide glufosinate. Resistance to glufosinate is proportional to phosphinothricin acetyltransferase expression and activity in LibertyLink and WideStrike cotton
UNIPROT
ENTRY NAME
ORGANISM
NO. OF AA
NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]
SOURCE
SEQUENCE
LOCALIZATION PREDICTION?
PAT_STRHY
183
0
20637
Swiss-Prot
-
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
PROTEIN VARIANTS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
additional information
GENERAL STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
The degradability of purificated PAT obtained from Escherichia coli in simulated gastric fluid is clearly apparent within at least 30 s. However, PAT degradation in leaf tissue powder from zoysia grass is significantly delayed, but complete within at least 5 min.
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PURIFICATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
recombinant His-tagged enzyme from Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) by nickel affinity chromatography, recombinant enzyme from transgenic maize and rape plants by immunoaffinity chromatography, method development, overview
simple, time-saving, inexpensive and reproducible purification method employs a single chromatography step using a reactive dye resin, Reactive brown 10-agarose. Reactive brown 10 preferentially binds the phosphinothricin acetyltransferase protein, which can then be specifically released by acetyl-CoA. Phosphinothricin acetyltransferase protein can be purified to homogeneity from cottonseed with high recovery efficiency and enzymatically active
CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
expressed in Quercus suber after transformation with Agrobacterium tumefaciens
gene bar, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, expression of His-tagged enzyme in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3), expression in transgenic maize and rape plant leaves
expressed in Escherichia coli and in genetically modified zoysia grass Zoysia matrella
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expressed in Festuca pratensis after transformation with Agrobacterium tumefaciens
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gene bar, expression in Escherichia coli with gene fragments fused to the 3' end, the fusion gene product shows unaltered kinetic properties compared to the unmodified gene product
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gene bar, subcloning in Escherichia coli, functional expression in Nicotiana tabacum protoplasts using the Agrobacterium tumefaciens transfection system and The S35 CMV vector
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gene bar, transformation of and expression in chloroplasts of Nicotiana tabacum cv. Havana, reciprocal crosses between wild type and transplastomic tobacco plants confirms maternal inheritance of the PPT resistance and high levels of PAT activity in the transplastomic plants, phenotype, overview
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APPLICATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
agriculture
use of the bar gene encoding phosphinothricin acetyltransferase as selectable marker in barley. Enzyme activities vary in eight near isogenic lines that show a range of phenotypes (apparently normal to abnormal and nonviable) when homozygous for bar. Fitness of plants is clearly and negatively correlated with phosphinothricin acetyltransferase activity
analysis
use of pat as marker gene for the screening of genetically modified crops
biotechnology
the bar gene is introduced into the cork oak genome to create resistance to the broad-spectrum herbicide phosphinothricin, commercially named Basta, Roundup Ready or Finale
agriculture
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creation of herbicide resistant plants
analysis
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use of phosphinothricin acetyltransferase gene as marker for the screening of genetically modified crops
biotechnology
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creation of herbicide resistant plants
molecular biology
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the bar gene represents a selectable and assayable reporter gene especially suitable for 3’-terminal gene fusions
REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
De Block, M.; Botterman, J.; Vandewiele, M.; Dockx, J.; Thoen, C.; Gossele, V.; Movva, N.R.; Thompson, C.; Van Montagu, M.; Leemans, J.
Engineering herbicide resistance in plants by expression of a detoxifying enzyme
EMBO J.
6
2513-2518
1987
Streptomyces hygroscopicus
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Botterman, J.; Gossele, V.; Thoen, C.; Lauwereys, M.
Characterization of phosphinothricin acetyltransferase and C-terminal enzymatically active fusion proteins
Gene
102
33-37
1991
Streptomyces hygroscopicus
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Xu, W.; Huang, K.; Zhao, H.; Luo, Y.
Application of immunoaffinity column as cleanup tool for an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay of phosphinothricin-N-acetyltransferase detection in genetically modified maize and rape
J. Agric. Food Chem.
53
4315-4321
2005
Streptomyces hygroscopicus (P16426)
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Kang, T.J.; Seo, J.E.; Loc, N.H.; Yang, M.S.
Herbicide resistance of tobacco chloroplasts expressing the bar gene
Mol. Cells
16
60-66
2003
Streptomyces hygroscopicus
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
lvarez, R.; lvarez, J.; Humara, J.; Revilla, .; Ords, R.
Genetic transformation of cork oak (Quercus suber L.) for herbicide resistance
Biotechnol. Lett.
31
1477-1483
2009
Streptomyces hygroscopicus (P16426)
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Randhawa, G.J.; Chhabra, R.; Singh, M.
Multiplex PCR-based simultaneous amplification of selectable marker and reporter genes for the screening of genetically modified crops
J. Agric. Food Chem.
57
5167-5172
2009
Streptomyces hygroscopicus (P16426), Streptomyces viridochromogenes (Q57146)
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Grohmann, L.; Bruenen-Nieweler, C.; Nemeth, A.; Waiblinger, H.U.
Collaborative trial validation studies of real-time PCR-based GMO screening methods for detection of the bar gene and the ctp2-cp4epsps construct
J. Agric. Food Chem.
57
8913-8920
2009
Streptomyces hygroscopicus
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Sun, H.; Kang, H.; Bae, T.; Cho, T.; Kim, J.; Lim, P.; Riu, K.; Lee, H.
Assessment of phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT) degradation from transgenic zoysiagrass digested with simulated gastric fluid (SGF)
J. Plant Biol.
53
113-120
2010
Streptomyces hygroscopicus
-
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Gao, C.; Liu, J.; Nielsen, K.K.
Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds.)
Plant Cell Rep.
28
1431-1437
2009
Streptomyces hygroscopicus
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Brown, R.; Raboy, V.; Bregitzer, P.
Unintended consequences: High phosphinothricin acetyltransferase activity related to reduced fitness in barley
In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. Plant
49
240-247
2013
Streptomyces hygroscopicus (P16426)
-
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Carbonari, C.; Latorre, D.; Gomes, G.; Velini, E.; Owens, D.; Pan, Z.; Dayan, F.
Resistance to glufosinate is proportional to phosphinothricin acetyltransferase expression and activity in LibertyLink and WideStrike cotton
Planta
243
925-33
2016
Streptomyces hygroscopicus (P16426), Streptomyces hygroscopicus ATCC 21705 (P16426), Streptomyces viridochromogenes
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Wang, C.; Lee, T.C.; Crowley, K.S.; Bell, E.
Purification of phosphinothricin acetyltransferase using Reactive Brown 10 affinity in a single chromatography step
Protein Expr. Purif.
90
129-134
2013
Streptomyces hygroscopicus (P16426)
Manually annotated by BRENDA team