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2 alpha,alpha-trehalose 6-mycolate = alpha,alpha-trehalose + alpha,alpha-trehalose 6,6'-bismycolate
2 alpha,alpha-trehalose 6-mycolate = alpha,alpha-trehalose + alpha,alpha-trehalose 6,6'-bismycolate
reaction catalyzed by antigen 85B complex involved in cell wall biosynthesis. Previously unsuspected role of 85B protein in pathogenesis of tuberculosis
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2 alpha,alpha-trehalose 6-mycolate = alpha,alpha-trehalose + alpha,alpha-trehalose 6,6'-bismycolate
reaction catalyzed by 3 members of the Ag85 complex in vitro, namely FbpA, FbpB and FbpC2
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2 alpha,alpha-trehalose 6-mycolate = alpha,alpha-trehalose + alpha,alpha-trehalose 6,6'-bismycolate
reaction mechanism via enzyme complexed with the tetrahedral transition state and mycolic acid covalently attached to the enzyme, the catalytic triad is formed by Ser124, Glu228 and His260
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2 alpha,alpha-trehalose 6-mycolate = alpha,alpha-trehalose + alpha,alpha-trehalose 6,6'-bismycolate
reaction mechanism via enzyme complexed with the tetrahedral transition state and mycolic acid covalently attached to the enzyme, the catalytic triad is formed by Ser124, Glu228 and His260
2 alpha,alpha-trehalose 6-mycolate = alpha,alpha-trehalose + alpha,alpha-trehalose 6,6'-bismycolate
reaction mechanism via enzyme complexed with the tetrahedral transition state and mycolic acid covalently attached to the enzyme, the catalytic triad is formed by Ser124, Glu228 and His260
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2 alpha,alpha-trehalose 6-mycolate = alpha,alpha-trehalose + alpha,alpha-trehalose 6,6'-bismycolate
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2 alpha,alpha-trehalose 6-monomycolate
alpha,alpha-trehalose 6,6'-dimycolate + alpha,alpha-trehalose
2 alpha,alpha-trehalose 6-mycolate
alpha,alpha-trehalose + alpha,alpha-trehalose 6,6'-bismycolate
alpha,alpha'-trehalose 6-monomycolate + alpha,alpha'-trehalose 6-monomycolate
alpha,alpha'-trehalose 6,6'-dimycolate + alpha,alpha'-trehalose
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Substrates: -
Products: -
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alpha,alpha-trehalose 6,6'-dimycolate + PorA
alpha,alpha-trehalose 6-monomycolate + mycoloyl-PorA
alpha,alpha-trehalose 6,6'-dimycolate + PorH
alpha,alpha-trehalose 6-monomycolate + mycoloyl-PorH
alpha,alpha-trehalose 6-mycolate
alpha,alpha-trehalose + alpha,alpha-trehalose 6,6'-bismycolate
alpha,alpha-trehalose 6-mycolate + alpha,alpha-trehalose
alpha,alpha-trehalose + alpha,alpha-trehalose 6-mycolate
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Substrates: -
Products: -
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alpha,alpha-trehalose 6-palmitate + trehalose
alpha,alpha-trehalose + alpha,alpha-trehalose 6-palmitate
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Substrates: -
Products: -
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alpha,alpha-trehalose monomycolate + D-glucose
D-glucose monomycolate + alpha,alpha-trehalose
additional information
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2 alpha,alpha-trehalose 6-monomycolate
alpha,alpha-trehalose 6,6'-dimycolate + alpha,alpha-trehalose
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Substrates: -
Products: -
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2 alpha,alpha-trehalose 6-monomycolate
alpha,alpha-trehalose 6,6'-dimycolate + alpha,alpha-trehalose
Substrates: addition of glucose to this reaction condition results in decreased TDM production in a dose-dependent manner, which is associated with an increase in glucose monomycolate
Products: -
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2 alpha,alpha-trehalose 6-monomycolate
alpha,alpha-trehalose 6,6'-dimycolate + alpha,alpha-trehalose
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Substrates: substrate contains alpha-branched long-chain fatty acids. Only tiny amounts of trehalose dimycolate are detected. It is shown that FbpA mycolyltransferase from Mycobacterium leprae retains the ability to transfer unbranched but not alpha-branched fatty acids
Products: -
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2 alpha,alpha-trehalose 6-mycolate
alpha,alpha-trehalose + alpha,alpha-trehalose 6,6'-bismycolate
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Substrates: -
Products: -
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2 alpha,alpha-trehalose 6-mycolate
alpha,alpha-trehalose + alpha,alpha-trehalose 6,6'-bismycolate
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Substrates: -
Products: -
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alpha,alpha-trehalose 6,6'-dimycolate + PorA
alpha,alpha-trehalose 6-monomycolate + mycoloyl-PorA
Substrates: O-acylation of pore-forming protein
Products: -
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alpha,alpha-trehalose 6,6'-dimycolate + PorA
alpha,alpha-trehalose 6-monomycolate + mycoloyl-PorA
Substrates: O-acylation of pore-forming protein
Products: -
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alpha,alpha-trehalose 6,6'-dimycolate + PorH
alpha,alpha-trehalose 6-monomycolate + mycoloyl-PorH
Substrates: O-acylation of pore-forming protein
Products: -
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alpha,alpha-trehalose 6,6'-dimycolate + PorH
alpha,alpha-trehalose 6-monomycolate + mycoloyl-PorH
Substrates: O-acylation of pore-forming protein
Products: -
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alpha,alpha-trehalose 6-mycolate
alpha,alpha-trehalose + alpha,alpha-trehalose 6,6'-bismycolate
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Substrates: -
Products: -
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alpha,alpha-trehalose 6-mycolate
alpha,alpha-trehalose + alpha,alpha-trehalose 6,6'-bismycolate
Substrates: -
Products: -
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alpha,alpha-trehalose 6-mycolate
alpha,alpha-trehalose + alpha,alpha-trehalose 6,6'-bismycolate
Substrates: -
Products: -
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alpha,alpha-trehalose monomycolate + D-glucose
D-glucose monomycolate + alpha,alpha-trehalose
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Substrates: Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium, replace TDM with glucose monomycolate by borrowing host-derived glucose as an alternative substrate for the FbpA mycolyltransferase
Products: -
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alpha,alpha-trehalose monomycolate + D-glucose
D-glucose monomycolate + alpha,alpha-trehalose
Substrates: trehalose dimycolate production decreases in a dose-dependent manner when glucose is added to the medium. It is hypothesized that trehalose monomycolate and glucose compete for access to the acceptor site of the Ag85A, and the enzyme preferentially catalyzes biosynthesis of glucose monomycolate, rather than trehalose dimycolate, when glucose is readily available
Products: -
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alpha,alpha-trehalose monomycolate + D-glucose
D-glucose monomycolate + alpha,alpha-trehalose
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Substrates: D-glucose is used as an alternative acceptor substrate. FbpA mycolyltransferase from Mycobacterium leprae shows only trace of glucose monomycolate is detected
Products: -
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additional information
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Substrates: enzyme additionally catalyzes the transfer of the fatty acid residue to yield O-acylated polypeptides
Products: -
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additional information
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Substrates: enzyme additionally catalyzes the transfer of the fatty acid residue to yield O-acylated polypeptides
Products: -
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additional information
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Substrates: enzyme additionally catalyzes the transfer of the fatty acid residue to yield O-acylated polypeptides
Products: -
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additional information
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Substrates: evaluation of the substrate tolerance of Ag85 isoforms, development of a broad Ag85 substrate, overview. Modifications on every position of the sugar scaffold are tolerated, including even C-1 methyl groups at the crowded anomeric linkages, positive charges, such as in the 2-amino-trehalose and even stereochemically incorrect 2,2'-di-fluoro-alpha,beta-mannotrehalose. Even a previously reported inhibitor 6-azido-trehalose, and putative tetrahedral intermediate analogs, such as trehalose-6-phosphate, are also processed. 2,2'-dideoxy-lyxo-trehalose is no substrate
Products: -
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additional information
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Substrates: the binding of the incoming acceptor molecule drives the protein to form an active conformation, the second half-reaction could therefore proceed through a direct or indirect activation pathway upon acceptor molecule binding. The beta-hydroxy group of mycolic acid plays a direct role in the second half-reaction of Ag85 catalysis
Products: -
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additional information
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Substrates: the binding of the incoming acceptor molecule drives the protein to form an active conformation, the second half-reaction could therefore proceed through a direct or indirect activation pathway upon acceptor molecule binding. The beta-hydroxy group of mycolic acid plays a direct role in the second half-reaction of Ag85 catalysis
Products: -
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additional information
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Substrates: the enzyme, in form of DNA and protein or peptide fragments, is immunogenic in C57BL/6 mice and effective as tuberculosis vaccine against Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain H37Rv, alone and especially in combination with PstS3 DNA and/or protein, detailed overview
Products: -
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additional information
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Substrates: exchange of mycolyl group, highly specific for alpha,alpha'-trehalose as the mycolate acceptor, less specific for the acyl donor group
Products: -
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2 alpha,alpha-trehalose 6-mycolate
alpha,alpha-trehalose + alpha,alpha-trehalose 6,6'-bismycolate
alpha,alpha-trehalose 6-mycolate
alpha,alpha-trehalose + alpha,alpha-trehalose 6,6'-bismycolate
alpha,alpha-trehalose 6-mycolate + alpha,alpha-trehalose
alpha,alpha-trehalose + alpha,alpha-trehalose 6-mycolate
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Substrates: -
Products: -
r
additional information
?
-
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Substrates: the enzyme, in form of DNA and protein or peptide fragments, is immunogenic in C57BL/6 mice and effective as tuberculosis vaccine against Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain H37Rv, alone and especially in combination with PstS3 DNA and/or protein, detailed overview
Products: -
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2 alpha,alpha-trehalose 6-mycolate
alpha,alpha-trehalose + alpha,alpha-trehalose 6,6'-bismycolate
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Substrates: -
Products: -
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2 alpha,alpha-trehalose 6-mycolate
alpha,alpha-trehalose + alpha,alpha-trehalose 6,6'-bismycolate
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Substrates: -
Products: -
r
alpha,alpha-trehalose 6-mycolate
alpha,alpha-trehalose + alpha,alpha-trehalose 6,6'-bismycolate
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Substrates: -
Products: -
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alpha,alpha-trehalose 6-mycolate
alpha,alpha-trehalose + alpha,alpha-trehalose 6,6'-bismycolate
Substrates: -
Products: -
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alpha,alpha-trehalose 6-mycolate
alpha,alpha-trehalose + alpha,alpha-trehalose 6,6'-bismycolate
Substrates: -
Products: -
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(1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)-methyl ethyl butylphosphonate
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IC50: 0.010 mM
(1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)-methyl ethyl tetradecylphosphonate
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IC50: 0.0410 mM
(1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)methyl ethyl heptylphosphonate
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IC50: 0.0013 mM
(1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)methyl ethyl nonylphosphonate
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IC50: 0.0871 mM
(2S)-N-hydroxy-1-[4-(1,1'-biphenyl)-3,6-dihydropyridine-1(2H)-sulfonyl]piperidine-2-carboxamide
compound identified by virtual screening, shows considerable hydrogen bonds with Ag85C during 100 ns simulation and predicted to be non-hepatotoxic, non-carcinogen, non-mutagenic and non-cytotoxic
1-(3-phenoxy)benzyl 1-octanesulfonate
IC50: 0.0043 mM
1-[(2S)-2-benzyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)morpholin-4-yl]-2-pyrimidin-2-yloxyethanone
compound identified by virtual screening, shows considerable hydrogen bonds with Ag85C during 100 ns simulation and predicted to be non-hepatotoxic, non-carcinogen, non-mutagenic and non-cytotoxic
2-(1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)-ethyl ethyl butylphosphonate
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IC50: 0.0507 mM
2-(1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)-ethyl ethyl nonylphosphonate
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IC50: 0.0257 mM
2-amino-6-propyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-benzothiophene-3-carbonitrile
i.e. I3-AG85, enzyme inhibition leads to accumulation of trehalose monomycolate and disruption of the bacterial envelope, I3-AG85 also inhibits Mycobacterium tuberculosis survival in infected primary macrophages. Binding of I3-AG85 to Ag85C is similar to its binding to the artificial substrate octylthioglucoside, overview
2-[[[(3R*,4R*)-4-(hydroxymethyl)-1-(2-methoxy-3-methylbenzoyl)pyrrolidin-3-yl]methyl](methyl)amino]ethanol
compound identified by virtual screening, shows considerable hydrogen bonds with Ag85C during 100 ns simulation and predicted to be non-hepatotoxic, non-carcinogen, non-mutagenic and non-cytotoxic
3,4,5-trimethoxybenzylphosphonate
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IC50: 0.102 mM
3-Phenoxybenzyl alcohol
trehalose mimetic inhibitor
4-(phthalimido)butanol
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6-azido-6-deoxytrehalose
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inhibits all three members of Ag85 complex in vitro
ACP
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0.00056 mg/0.6 ml, 68% reduction of activity
ethyl 3-phenoxybenzyl butylphosphonate
ethyl 3-phenoxybenzyl heptylphosphonate
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IC50: 0.021 mM
ethyl 3-phenoxybenzyl hexylphosphonate
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IC50: 0.0426 mM
ethyl 3-phenoxybenzyl nonylphosphonate
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IC50: 0.0148 mM
ethyl 3-phenoxybenzyl tetradecylphosphonate
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IC50: 0.862 mM
ethyl hydrogen 2-phenylethyl phosphonate
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IC50: 0.225 mM
ethyl hydrogen 4-(1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)butylphosphonate
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IC50: 0.110 mM
ethyl hydrogen butylphosphonate
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IC50: 0.431 mM
ethyl hydrogen heptylphosphonate
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IC50: 0.0011 mM
ethyl hydrogen hexylphosphonate
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IC50: 0.0036 mM
ethyl hydrogen nonylphosphonate
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IC50: 0.471 mM
iodoacetamide
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16.7 mM, 53% decrease of activity
MgCl2
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16 mM, 91% inhibition
N-(hydroxyethyl)phthalimide
trehalose mimetic inhibitor
N-(omega-hydroxyalky)phthalimide
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tetrahydrolipstatin
covalent inhibition. The enzyme undergoes structural changes upon acylation, and positioning of the peptidyl arm of tetrahydrolipstain limits hydrolysis of the acyl-enzyme adduct
Tween 80
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strong, might disrupt necessary structure of the TM vesicle/micelle
[(1R,2S,4S,5S,7R,9S,10S)-12-(hydroxymethyl)-4,5,15-trimethoxy-4,5-dimethyl-3,6,17-trioxatetracyclo[8.7.0.02,7.011,16]heptadeca-11,13,15-trien-9-yl]methanol
compound identified by virtual screening, shows considerable hydrogen bonds with Ag85C during 100 ns simulation and predicted to be non-hepatotoxic, non-carcinogen, non-mutagenic and non-cytotoxic
ethyl 3-phenoxybenzyl butylphosphonate
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IC50: 0.002 mM
ethyl 3-phenoxybenzyl butylphosphonate
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additional information
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design of mechanism-based inhibitors, growth inhibition assay, molecular docking, overview
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additional information
design of mechanism-based inhibitors, growth inhibition assay, molecular docking, 2-(1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)ethyl 1-butanesulfonate and 2-(1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)ethyl 1-octanesulfonate show no enzyme inhibition but are selectively cytotoxic against the breast cancer cell line MDA-MB231, overview
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additional information
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inhibitor screening by molecular docking, overview
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additional information
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design and synthesis of a trehalose analogue library for identification of Ag85 inhibitors, modifications of the trehalose scaffold, overview
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0.01
(1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)-methyl ethyl butylphosphonate
Mycobacterium avium
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IC50: 0.010 mM
0.041
(1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)-methyl ethyl tetradecylphosphonate
Mycobacterium avium
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IC50: 0.0410 mM
0.0013
(1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)methyl ethyl heptylphosphonate
Mycobacterium avium
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IC50: 0.0013 mM
0.0871
(1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)methyl ethyl nonylphosphonate
Mycobacterium avium
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IC50: 0.0871 mM
0.0043
1-(3-phenoxy)benzyl 1-octanesulfonate
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
IC50: 0.0043 mM
0.0507
2-(1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)-ethyl ethyl butylphosphonate
Mycobacterium avium
-
IC50: 0.0507 mM
0.0257
2-(1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)-ethyl ethyl nonylphosphonate
Mycobacterium avium
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IC50: 0.0257 mM
0.102
3,4,5-trimethoxybenzylphosphonate
Mycobacterium avium
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IC50: 0.102 mM
0.002
ethyl 3-phenoxybenzyl butylphosphonate
0.021
ethyl 3-phenoxybenzyl heptylphosphonate
Mycobacterium avium
-
IC50: 0.021 mM
0.0426
ethyl 3-phenoxybenzyl hexylphosphonate
Mycobacterium avium
-
IC50: 0.0426 mM
0.0148
ethyl 3-phenoxybenzyl nonylphosphonate
Mycobacterium avium
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IC50: 0.0148 mM
0.862
ethyl 3-phenoxybenzyl tetradecylphosphonate
Mycobacterium avium
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IC50: 0.862 mM
0.225
ethyl hydrogen 2-phenylethyl phosphonate
Mycobacterium avium
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IC50: 0.225 mM
0.11
ethyl hydrogen 4-(1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)butylphosphonate
Mycobacterium avium
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IC50: 0.110 mM
0.431
ethyl hydrogen butylphosphonate
Mycobacterium avium
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IC50: 0.431 mM
0.0011
ethyl hydrogen heptylphosphonate
Mycobacterium avium
-
IC50: 0.0011 mM
0.0036
ethyl hydrogen hexylphosphonate
Mycobacterium avium
-
IC50: 0.0036 mM
0.471
ethyl hydrogen nonylphosphonate
Mycobacterium avium
-
IC50: 0.471 mM
0.002
ethyl 3-phenoxybenzyl butylphosphonate
Mycobacterium avium
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IC50: 0.002 mM
0.002
ethyl 3-phenoxybenzyl butylphosphonate
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
-
pH and temperature not specified in the publication
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evolution
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members of the Ag85 family, Ag85A, Ag85B, and Ag85C, share high sequence and structural homology characterized by an alpha,beta-hydrolase fold and a hydrophobic fibronectin-binding domain. Their active sites are highly conserved, featuring a histidine, aspartic acid or glutamic acid and serine catalytic triad, a hydrophobic tunnel for the lipids and two trehalose binding sites
metabolism
glucose causes Mycobacterium avium to down-regulate trehalose dimycolate expression while up-regulating glucose monomycolate. In vitro, the mechanism of reciprocal regulation of trehalose dimycolate and glucose monomycolate involves competitive substrate selection by antigen 85A. The switch from trehalose dimycolate to glucose monomycolate biosynthesis occurs near the physiological concentration of glucose present in mammalian hosts. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that glucose monomycolate is produced in vivo by mcobacteria in mouse lung
malfunction
inhibition of Ag85 protein family enzymes through substrate analogs hinders growth of mycobacteria and inhibition of Ag85C leads to accumulation of trehalose monomycolate
malfunction
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inhibition of Ag85 protein family enzymes through substrate analogs hinders growth of mycobacteria and inhibition of Ag85C leads to accumulation of trehalose monomycolate
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physiological function
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the enzyme is responsible for converting trehalose monomycolate to trehalose dimycolate, which contributes to cell wall stability
physiological function
the mycoloyl transferase activity of antigen 85 (Ag85) protein family, consisting of Ag85A, -B, and -C, generates trehalose dimycolate, an envelope lipid essential for Mycobacterium tuberculosis virulence, and cell wall arabinogalactan-linked mycolic acids
physiological function
inactivation of corynomycoloyl transferase C specifically abolishes the O-modification of the pore-forming proteins PorA and PorH, which is critical for their biological activity
physiological function
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the mycoloyl transferase activity of antigen 85 (Ag85) protein family, consisting of Ag85A, -B, and -C, generates trehalose dimycolate, an envelope lipid essential for Mycobacterium tuberculosis virulence, and cell wall arabinogalactan-linked mycolic acids
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physiological function
-
inactivation of corynomycoloyl transferase C specifically abolishes the O-modification of the pore-forming proteins PorA and PorH, which is critical for their biological activity
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