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Information on EC 2.1.1.53 - putrescine N-methyltransferase and Organism(s) Nicotiana tabacum and UniProt Accession Q9SEH4

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EC Tree
     2 Transferases
         2.1 Transferring one-carbon groups
             2.1.1 Methyltransferases
                2.1.1.53 putrescine N-methyltransferase
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This record set is specific for:
Nicotiana tabacum
UNIPROT: Q9SEH4 not found.
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The taxonomic range for the selected organisms is: Nicotiana tabacum
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Bacteria, Eukaryota
Synonyms
putrescine n-methyltransferase, ntpmt, putrescine methyltransferase, putrescine n-methyltransferase 1, putrescine n-methyltransferase i, more
SYNONYM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
methyltransferase, putrescine
-
-
-
-
putrescine methyltransferase
-
-
-
-
putrescine N-methyltransferase
-
-
putrescine N-methyltransferase 1
-
-
REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
methyl group transfer
-
-
-
-
SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
S-adenosyl-L-methionine:putrescine N-methyltransferase
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY hide
9075-39-2
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT                       
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + putrescine
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N-methylputrescine
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N-methylputrescine
S-adenosylhomocysteine + N,N-dimethylputrescine
show the reaction diagram
-
about 8% of activity compared to putrescine
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + putrescine
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N-methylputrescine
show the reaction diagram
NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + putrescine
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N-methylputrescine
show the reaction diagram
COFACTOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
additional information
-
no requirement of cofactors
-
METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
additional information
-
Mg2+, Mn2+ and EDTA at 0.001 M have no influence
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
n-butylamine
strong inhibitor
N-methyl-1,3-diaminopropane
-
N-methylputrescine
inhibitor with approximately competitive interaction kinetics to putrescine
Ag+
-
0.1 mM, strong
n-butylamine
strong inhibitor
N-methyl-1,3-diaminopropane
-
N-methylputrescine
inhibitor with approximately competitive interaction kinetics to putrescine
p-chloromercuribenzoate
-
strong
ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
cysteine
-
slight activatory effect
methyl jasmonate
KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.4
putrescine
-
-
0.11
S-adenosyl-L-methionine
-
-
SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
0.00016
-
leaves
0.0018
-
roots
0.051
-
putrescine
pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
26
-
assay at
30
-
assay at
ORGANISM
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
-
UniProt
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
SOURCE
-
root culture
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
-
acropetal and basipetal regions
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
-
apical cells, increases with age
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
metabolism
-
key enzyme in the nicotine biosynthesis pathways
physiological function
-
putrescine N-methyltransferase is required in nicotinic alkaloid production in Nicotiana sp.
UNIPROT
ENTRY NAME
ORGANISM
NO. OF AA
NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]
SOURCE
SEQUENCE
LOCALIZATION PREDICTION?
PMT4_TOBAC
386
0
42289
Swiss-Prot
other Location (Reliability: 3)
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
60000
-
gel filtration
PROTEIN VARIANTS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
additional information
-
cDNA from Nicotiana tabacum encoding PMT is introduced into the genome of a scopolamine-producing Hyoscyamus niger mediated by the disarmed Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain C58C1, which also carries Agrobacterium rhizogenes Ri plasmid pRiA4, and expressed under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter. Hairy root lines transformed with pmt present 5fold higher PMT activity than the control, and the methylputrescine levels of the resulting engineered hairy roots increase up to 5fold compared to the control and wild-type roots, but no increase in tropane alkaloids measured. After methyl jasmonate treatment, a considerable increase of PMTase and endogenous H6Hase as well as an increase in scopolamine content is found either in the transgenic hairy roots or the control
TEMPERATURE STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
4
-
3 h: 75% loss of activity, presence of 12.5% w/v glucose: 35% loss of activity
GENERAL STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
2-mercaptoethanol stabilizes
-
STORAGE STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
-20°C, 0.05 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.5, 0.01 M 2-mercaptoethanol, 12.5% glucose, stable for several weeks
-
0°C, without addition of a sulfhydryl compound, most activity is lost within a few days
-
PURIFICATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
expressed in Escherichia coli
expressed in Escherichia coli
expressed in roots and leaves
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T1 progeny of transgenic Atropa belladonna, in which putrescine N-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.53) from Nicotiana tabacum (NtPMT) and hyoscyamine 6beta-hydroxylase (EC 1.14.11.14) from Hyoscyamus niger (HnH6H) are overexpressed, are established to investigate tropane alkaloids biosynthesis and distribution in ripe fruits, leaves, stems, primary roots and secondary roots under field conditions. Both NtPMT and HnH6H are detected at the transcriptional level in transgenic plants, whereas they are not detected in wild-type plants. Metabolically engineering Atropa belladonna based on overexpressing NtPMT and HnH6H shows a chemotype of rich scopolamine that greatly improves the commercial and pharmaceutical properties of Atropa belladonna
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tobacco pmt gene with a selectable marker (nptII) gene and the T-DNA of pRiA4 of Agrobacterium rhizogenes introduced into Hyoscyamus niger leaf explants using disarmed Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58C1 strain
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EXPRESSION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
dark conditions and the absence of auxin upregulate enzyme promoter activity, with light being dominant to the repressive effects of auxin. Under highly repressive conditions for alkaloid synthesis, including normal culture conditions in the light, both reactive oxygen species scavengers result in significant induction of enzyme promoter activity. Treatment of callus with catalase results in the upregulation of enzyme promoter activity
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high-temperature treatment induces enzyme accumulation. Overexpression of MYC2a increases nicotine biosynthesis by enhancing its binding to the promoter of the enzyme
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treatments with diphenyleneiodinium chloride, Rose Bengal diacetate, and 1,2-dihydroxybenzene-3,5-disulfonic acid do not induce or repress enzyme expression
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under normal callus growth conditions in the presence of light and auxin, enzyme promoter activity is strongly repressed
-
APPLICATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
synthesis
-
overexpression of enzyme leads to enhanced N-methylputrescine levels, but the subsequent alkaloid metabolites are not affected
additional information
-
different polyamine catabolic processes in hypergeous and hypogeous tissues, duality in polyamine catabolic pathways involves correlation of amine oxidases with PMT for the production of nicotine alkaloids, and with POX for the lignification, cell wall formation, and vascular differentiation
REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Feth, F.; Arfmann, H.A.; Wray, V.; Wagner, K.G.
Determination of putrescine N-methyltransferase by high performance liquid chromatography
Phytochemistry
24
921-923
1985
Datura stramonium, Nicotiana tabacum
-
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Mizusaki, S.; Tanabe, Y.; Noguchi, M.; Tamaki, E.
Phytochemical studies on tobacco alkaloids XIV, the occurrence
Plant Cell Physiol.
12
633-640
1971
Nicotiana tabacum
-
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Hashimoto, T.; Shoji, T.; Mihara, T.; Oguri, H.; Tamaki, K.; Suzuki, K.I.; Yamada, Y.
Intraspecific variability of the tandem repeats in Nicotiana putrescine N-methyltransferases
Plant Mol. Biol.
37
25-37
1998
Atropa belladonna, Hyoscyamus niger, Nicotiana otophora, Nicotiana sylvestris (Q9SB10), Nicotiana sylvestris (Q9ZWT7), Nicotiana sylvestris (Q9ZWT8), Nicotiana sylvestris (Q9ZWT9), Nicotiana sylvestris, Nicotiana tabacum, Nicotiana tomentosiformis
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Sachan, N.; Falcone, D.L.
Wound-induced gene expression of putrescine N-methyltransferase in leaves of Nicotiana tabacum
Phytochemistry
61
797-805
2002
Nicotiana tabacum
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Rothe, G.; Hachiya, A.; Yamada, Y.; Hashimoto, T.; Drager, B.
Alkaloids in plants and root cultures of Atropa belladonna overexpressing putrescine N-methyltransferase
J. Exp. Bot.
54
2065-2070
2003
Nicotiana tabacum
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Paschalidis, K.A.; Roubelakis-Angelakis, K.A.
Sites and regulation of polyamine catabolism in the tobacco plant. Correlations with cell division/expansion, cell cycle progression, and vascular development
Plant Physiol.
138
2174-2184
2005
Nicotiana tabacum
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Zhang, L.; Yang, B.; Lu, B.; Kai, G.; Wang, Z.; Xia, Y.; Ding, R.; Zhang, H.; Sun, X.; Chen, W.; Tang, K.
Tropane alkaloids production in transgenic Hyoscyamus niger hairy root cultures over-expressing putrescine N-methyltransferase is methyl jasmonate-dependent
Planta
225
887-896
2006
Hyoscyamus niger, Nicotiana tabacum
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Biastoff, S.; Brandt, W.; Draeger, B.
Putrescine N-methyltransferase--the start for alkaloids
Phytochemistry
70
1708-1718
2009
Anisodus acutangulus (B4YSH2), Anisodus acutangulus (B4YSH3), Anisodus tanguticus (Q68HB1), Atropa belladonna (Q9S7W8), Atropa belladonna (Q9XJ42), Calystegia sepium (Q2KTH3), Capsicum annuum, Datura inoxia (Q2KTH1), Datura inoxia (Q2KTH2), Datura metel (A0PFY1), Datura stramonium (Q70EW6), Hyoscyamus niger (Q9XJ41), Ipomoea batatas, Nicotiana attenuata (Q93XQ4), Nicotiana attenuata (Q93XQ5), Nicotiana benthamiana (B1NYI5), Nicotiana sylvestris (Q9ZWT7), Nicotiana sylvestris (Q9ZWT9), Nicotiana tabacum (Q42963), Nicotiana tabacum (Q9SEH4), Nicotiana tabacum (Q9SEH5), Nicotiana tabacum (Q9SEH7), Nicotiana tabacum, Physalis divaricata (Q2KTH0), Scopolia parviflora (Q4VQ73), Solanum dulcamara (B1VK31), Solanum lycopersicum (Q2KTH4), Solanum tuberosum (Q70AR0)
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Sachan, N.; Rogers, D.T.; Yun, K.Y.; Littleton, J.M.; Falcone, D.L.
Reactive oxygen species regulate alkaloid metabolism in undifferentiated N. tabacum cells
Plant Cell Rep.
29
437-448
2010
Nicotiana tabacum
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Xia, K.; Liu, X.; Zhang, Q.; Qiang, W.; Guo, J.; Lan, X.; Chen, M.; Liao, Z.
Promoting scopolamine biosynthesis in transgenic Atropa belladonna plants with pmt and h6h overexpression under field conditions
Plant Physiol. Biochem.
106
46-53
2016
Nicotiana tabacum
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Yang, L.; Li, J.; Ji, J.; Li, P.; Yu, L.; Abd Allah, E.F.; Luo, Y.; Hu, L.; Hu, X.
High temperature induces expression of tobacco transcription factor NtMYC2a to regulate nicotine and JA biosynthesis
Front. Physiol.
7
465
2016
Nicotiana tabacum
Manually annotated by BRENDA team