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IUBMB Comments The enzyme, characterized from Hordeum vulgare (barley), catalyses two successive N -methylation reactions during the biosynthesis of gramine, a toxic indole alkaloid.
Synonyms NMT ,
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gramme-type N-methyltransferase
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NMT
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gene name, ambiguous
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2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 3-(aminomethyl)indole = 2 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + gramine
overall reaction
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S-adenosyl-L-methionine + (1H-indol-3-yl)-N-methylmethanamine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + gramine
(1b)
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S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 3-(aminomethyl)indole = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (1H-indol-3-yl)-N-methylmethanamine
(1a)
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S-adenosyl-L-methionine:3-(aminomethyl)indole N-methyltransferase (gramine-forming)
The enzyme, characterized from Hordeum vulgare (barley), catalyses two successive N-methylation reactions during the biosynthesis of gramine, a toxic indole alkaloid.
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2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 3-(aminomethyl)indole
2 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + gramine
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Substrates: -
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2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 3-(methylaminomethyl)indole
2 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (1H-indol-3-yl)-N,N-dimethylmethanamine
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Substrates: -
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2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 3-aminomethylindole
2 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + gramine
2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N-methyl-3-aminomethylindole
2 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (1H-indol-3-yl)-N,N-dimethylmethanamine
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 3-(aminomethyl)indole
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 3-(methylaminomethyl)indole
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Substrates: -
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S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 3-aminomethylindole
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N-methyl-3-aminomethylindole
additional information
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2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 3-aminomethylindole
2 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + gramine
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Substrates: -
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2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 3-aminomethylindole
2 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + gramine
Substrates: -
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2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N-methyl-3-aminomethylindole
2 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (1H-indol-3-yl)-N,N-dimethylmethanamine
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Substrates: -
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2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N-methyl-3-aminomethylindole
2 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + (1H-indol-3-yl)-N,N-dimethylmethanamine
Substrates: -
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 3-aminomethylindole
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N-methyl-3-aminomethylindole
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Substrates: -
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S-adenosyl-L-methionine + 3-aminomethylindole
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N-methyl-3-aminomethylindole
Substrates: -
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additional information
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Substrates: no substrate: tryptamine. Poor substrate: tyramine
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additional information
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Substrates: no substrate: caffeic acid
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additional information
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gramine levels, but not NMT expression, is increased in barley due to drought and abscisic acid treatment
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0.077
3-aminomethylindole
pH 7.5, 30°C
0.184
N-methyl-3-aminomethylindole
pH 7.5, 30°C
0.148
S-adenosyl-L-methionine
pH 7.5, 30°C
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brenda
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UniProt
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brenda
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20% of total activity
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additional information
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no activity in seedling
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first leaves synthesize gramine constitutively
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80% of total activity
brenda
Highest Expressing Human Cell Lines
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Cell Line Links
Gene Links
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physiological function
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activity in expanding fifth leaves is increased 8- to 20fold by growth at high temperatures(35°C day/30°C night) compared to cool temperatures (15°C/10°C). Several days of high temperature are required for full induction of activity. No induction occurs in leaves which completed expansion in cool conditions before exposure to high temperature
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AMNMT_HORVV
376
0
41084
Swiss-Prot
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43000
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1 * 43000, SDS-PAGE
43000
x * 43000, SDS-PAGE
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monomer
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1 * 43000, SDS-PAGE
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freeze-thawing reduces activity by 50%
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leaf extract, 4°C, 75% residual activity after 4 days
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expression in Escherichia coli
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expression is induced by methyl jasmonate. Infestation by Rhopalosiphum padi and Metopolophium dirhodum results in higher expression in the doubled haploid line 5172-28:4. None of the aphide-plant combinations displays increased gramine levels, and the increased abundance of transcript in aphid-infested DH28:4 does not lead to higher amounts of NMT protein or NMT enzyme activity
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Mulvena, D.; Slaytor, M.
N-methyltransferase activities in Phalaris aquatica
Phytochemistry
22
47-48
1983
Phalaris aquatica
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Larsson, K.A.; Saheed, S.A.; Gradin, T.; Delp, G.; Karpinska, B.; Botha, C.E.; Jonsson, L.M.
Differential regulation of 3-aminomethylindole/N-methyl-3-aminomethylindole N-methyltransferase and gramine in barley by both biotic and abiotic stress conditions
Plant Physiol. Biochem.
49
96-102
2011
Hordeum vulgare, Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare (Q96565)
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Leland, T.J.; Hanson, A.D.
Induction of a specific N-methyltransferase enzyme by long-term heat stress during barley leaf growth
Plant Physiol.
79
451-457
1985
Hordeum vulgare
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