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Information on EC 1.8.4.2 - protein-disulfide reductase (glutathione)
for references in articles please use BRENDA:EC1.8.4.2
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EC Tree 1 Oxidoreductases
1.8 Acting on a sulfur group of donors
1.8.4 With a disulfide as acceptor
1.8.4.2 protein-disulfide reductase (glutathione)
IUBMB Comments
Reduces insulin and some other proteins.
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Eukaryota, Bacteria, Archaea
- 1.8.4.2
-
tautomerase
- glutaredoxins
-
insulin-degrading
- d-dopachrome
-
5.3.4.1
- dsbas
-
whib-like
-
thioredoxin-like
- 125i-insulin
-
disulphide-isomerase
- medicine
showSynonyms
glutathione-insulin transhydrogenase, whib1, mif-2, dsba2, dsba1, thiol disulfide oxidoreductase, grxs12, insulin reductase, gsh-insulin transhydrogenase, thiol:protein-disulfide oxidoreductase, more
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SYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
COA6
DIP1880
disulphide interchange enzyme
DsbA
GIT
glutathione-insulin transhydrogenase
-
-
-
-
glutathione-protein disulfide oxidoreductase
-
-
-
-
GSH-insulin transhydrogenase
-
-
-
-
HP_0231
insulin reductase
-
-
-
-
MdbA
MdbACm
protein disulfide reductase (glutathione)
-
-
-
-
protein disulfide transhydrogenase
-
-
-
-
protein-disulfide interchange enzyme
-
-
-
-
protein-disulfide isomerase/oxidoreductase
-
-
-
-
RCAP_rcc01743
reductase, protein disulfide (glutathione)
-
-
-
-
SdbA
SGO_2006
Streptococcus disulfide bond protein A
TDOR
thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase
thiol-protein disulphide oxidoreductase
-
-
-
-
thiol:protein-disulfide oxidoreductase
-
-
-
-
WhiB1
WhiB1/Rv3219
YMR244C-A
additional information
additional information
-
glutathione-insulin transhydrogenase EC 1.8.4.2 and protein disulfide-isomerase EC 5.3.4.1 activities are not both catalyzed by a single enzyme species
additional information
-
glutathione-insulin transhydrogenase EC 1.8.4.2 and protein disulfide-isomerase EC 5.3.4.1 activities are not both catalyzed by a single enzyme species
additional information
-
glutathione-insulin transhydrogenase EC 1.8.4.2 and protein disulfide-isomerase EC 5.3.4.1 activities are not both catalyzed by a single enzyme species
additional information
-
the two activities, cleavage and formation of protein-disulfide bonds, present alternate activities of the same enzyme
additional information
-
the two activities, cleavage and formation of protein-disulfide bonds, present alternate activities of the same enzyme
additional information
-
the two activities, cleavage and formation of protein-disulfide bonds, present alternate activities of the same enzyme
additional information
-
the two activities, cleavage and formation of protein-disulfide bonds, present alternate activities of the same enzyme
additional information
-
thiol:protein-disulfide oxidoreductase EC 1.8.4.2 and thiol:protein-disulfide isomerase EC 5.3.4.1 are immunological identical
additional information
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thiol:protein-disulfide oxidoreductase EC 1.8.4.2 and thiol:protein-disulfide isomerase EC 5.3.4.1 are immunological identical
additional information
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thiol:protein-disulfide oxidoreductase EC 1.8.4.2 and thiol:protein-disulfide isomerase EC 5.3.4.1 are immunological identical
additional information
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DsbA protein family including periplasmic protein disulfide: thiol oxidoreductases with high homology in amino acid sequences
additional information
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DsbA protein family including periplasmic protein disulfide: thiol oxidoreductases with high homology in amino acid sequences
additional information
-
thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase of the thioredoxin family
additional information
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protein-disulfide isomerase EC 5.3.4.1 and protein-disulfide oxidoreductase EC 1.8.4.2 are identical and form the glutathione-insulin transhydrogenase
additional information
-
the two activities, cleavage and formation of protein-disulfide bonds, present alternate activities of the same enzyme
additional information
-
the two activities, cleavage and formation of protein-disulfide bonds, present alternate activities of the same enzyme
additional information
-
thiol:protein-disulfide oxidoreductase EC 1.8.4.2 and thiol:protein-disulfide isomerase EC 5.3.4.1 are immunological identical
additional information
-
thiol:protein-disulfide oxidoreductase EC 1.8.4.2 and thiol:protein-disulfide isomerase EC 5.3.4.1 are immunological identical
additional information
-
the two activities, cleavage and formation of protein-disulfide bonds, present alternate activities of the same enzyme
additional information
-
thiol:protein-disulfide oxidoreductase EC 1.8.4.2 and thiol:protein-disulfide isomerase EC 5.3.4.1 are immunological identical
additional information
-
glutathione-insulin transhydrogenase EC 1.8.4.2 and protein disulfide-isomerase EC 5.3.4.1 activities are not both catalyzed by a single enzyme species
additional information
-
the two activities, cleavage and formation of protein-disulfide bonds, present alternate activities of the same enzyme
additional information
-
the two activities, cleavage and formation of protein-disulfide bonds, present alternate activities of the same enzyme
additional information
-
thiol:protein-disulfide oxidoreductase EC 1.8.4.2 and thiol:protein-disulfide isomerase EC 5.3.4.1 are immunological identical
additional information
-
thiol:protein-disulfide oxidoreductase EC 1.8.4.2 and thiol:protein-disulfide isomerase EC 5.3.4.1 are immunological identical
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
2 glutathione + protein-disulfide = glutathione-disulfide + protein-dithiol
mechanism
-
2 glutathione + protein-disulfide = glutathione-disulfide + protein-dithiol
random mechanism
-
2 glutathione + protein-disulfide = glutathione-disulfide + protein-dithiol
C-X-X-C motif in active site for disulfide bonding, either oxidizing, reducing and isomerising activity
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2 glutathione + protein-disulfide = glutathione-disulfide + protein-dithiol
C-X-X-C motif in active site for disulfide bonding, either oxidizing, reducing and isomerising activity
-
2 glutathione + protein-disulfide = glutathione-disulfide + protein-dithiol
C-X-X-C motif in active site for disulfide bonding, either oxidizing, reducing and isomerising activity
-
2 glutathione + protein-disulfide = glutathione-disulfide + protein-dithiol
zinc finger protein with several CXXC motifs
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2 glutathione + protein-disulfide = glutathione-disulfide + protein-dithiol
high similarity between enzymes of different species and sources, respectively
-
2 glutathione + protein-disulfide = glutathione-disulfide + protein-dithiol
random and allosteric mechanism via multiple distinct reaction sites
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2 glutathione + protein-disulfide = glutathione-disulfide + protein-dithiol
random and allosteric mechanism via multiple distinct reaction sites
-
2 glutathione + protein-disulfide = glutathione-disulfide + protein-dithiol
random and allosteric mechanism via multiple distinct reaction sites
-
2 glutathione + protein-disulfide = glutathione-disulfide + protein-dithiol
insulin inducible
-
2 glutathione + protein-disulfide = glutathione-disulfide + protein-dithiol
-
-
-
-
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
oxidation
-
-
-
-
redox reaction
-
-
-
-
reduction
-
-
-
-
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PATHWAY SOURCE
PATHWAYS
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
glutathione:protein-disulfide oxidoreductase
Reduces insulin and some other proteins.
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
9082-53-5
-
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
COMMENTARY
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
2 glutathione + SCO2-disulfide
glutathione-disulfide + SCO2-dithiol
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
2,3-dimercaptopropanol + protein disulfide
2,3-dimercaptopropanol disulfide + protein-dithiol
2-mercaptoethanol glutathione disulfide + glutathione
2-mercaptoethanol disulfide + glutathione disulfide
glutathionylated BSA + glutathione
BSA + glutathione disulfide
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
glutathionylated glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase + glutathione
glutathione disulfide + glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
glutathionylated glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase + reduced GRX3
glutathione + glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase + oxidized GRX3
Substrates: substrate is glutathionylated A4-GAPDH. A4-GAPDH activity is reversibly inhibited by glutathionylation
Products: -
Products: -
?
glutathionylated isocitrate lyase + dithiothreitol
glutathione dithiothreitol disulfide + isocitrate lyase
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
GSH + 5,5'-dithiobis(nitrobenzoic acid)
?
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
reduced dithiothreitol + NADP+
oxidized dithiothreitol + NADPH + H+
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
r
SdbA carrying a disulfide bond + superantigen SpeA with reduced L-cysteine residues
SdbA with reduced L-cysteine residues + superantigen SpeA carrying a disulfide bond
2 glutathione + COX2-disulfide
glutathione-disulfide + COX2-dithiol
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
2 glutathione + COX2-disulfide
glutathione-disulfide + COX2-dithiol
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
2 glutathione + COX2-disulfide
glutathione-disulfide + COX2-dithiol
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
2 glutathione + insulin disulfide
glutathione disulfide + insulin
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
2 glutathione + insulin disulfide
glutathione disulfide + insulin
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
2 glutathione + pilin FimA-disulfide
glutathione-disulfide + pilin FimA-dithiol
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
2 glutathione + pilin FimA-disulfide
glutathione-disulfide + pilin FimA-dithiol
-
Substrates: recombinant FimA expressed in Escherichia coli
Products: -
Products: -
?
2 glutathione + pilin FimA-disulfide
glutathione-disulfide + pilin FimA-dithiol
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
2 glutathione + pilin FimA-disulfide
glutathione-disulfide + pilin FimA-dithiol
-
Substrates: recombinant FimA expressed in Escherichia coli
Products: -
Products: -
?
2 glutathione + protein AtlS-disulfide
glutathione-disulfide + protein AtlS-dithiol
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
2 glutathione + protein AtlS-disulfide
glutathione-disulfide + protein AtlS-dithiol
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
2 glutathione + protein AtlS-disulfide
glutathione-disulfide + protein AtlS-dithiol
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
2 glutathione + protein AtlS-disulfide
glutathione-disulfide + protein AtlS-dithiol
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
2 glutathione + protein AtlS-disulfide
glutathione-disulfide + protein AtlS-dithiol
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
2 glutathione + protein AtlS-disulfide
glutathione-disulfide + protein AtlS-dithiol
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
2 glutathione + protein AtlS-disulfide
glutathione-disulfide + protein AtlS-dithiol
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
2 glutathione + protein-disulfide
glutathione-disulfide + protein-dithiol
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
2 glutathione + protein-disulfide
glutathione-disulfide + protein-dithiol
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
2 glutathione + protein-disulfide
glutathione-disulfide + protein-dithiol
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
2 glutathione + protein-disulfide
glutathione-disulfide + protein-dithiol
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
2 glutathione + protein-disulfide
glutathione-disulfide + protein-dithiol
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
2 glutathione + protein-disulfide
glutathione-disulfide + protein-dithiol
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
2 glutathione + protein-disulfide
glutathione-disulfide + protein-dithiol
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
2 glutathione + protein-disulfide
glutathione-disulfide + protein-dithiol
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
2 glutathione + protein-disulfide
glutathione-disulfide + protein-dithiol
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
2 glutathione + protein-disulfide
glutathione-disulfide + protein-dithiol
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
2 glutathione + protein-disulfide
glutathione-disulfide + protein-dithiol
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
2 glutathione + protein-disulfide
glutathione-disulfide + protein-dithiol
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
2 glutathione + protein-disulfide
glutathione-disulfide + protein-dithiol
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
2 glutathione + protein-disulfide
glutathione-disulfide + protein-dithiol
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
2 glutathione + protein-disulfide
glutathione-disulfide + protein-dithiol
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
2 glutathione + protein-disulfide
glutathione-disulfide + protein-dithiol
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
2 glutathione + SCO1-disulfide
glutathione-disulfide + SCO1-dithiol
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
2 glutathione + SCO1-disulfide
glutathione-disulfide + SCO1-dithiol
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
2 glutathione + SCO1-disulfide
glutathione-disulfide + SCO1-dithiol
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
2,3-dimercaptopropanol + protein disulfide
2,3-dimercaptopropanol disulfide + protein-dithiol
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
2,3-dimercaptopropanol + protein disulfide
2,3-dimercaptopropanol disulfide + protein-dithiol
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
2,3-dimercaptopropanol + protein disulfide
2,3-dimercaptopropanol disulfide + protein-dithiol
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
2,3-dimercaptopropanol + protein disulfide
2,3-dimercaptopropanol disulfide + protein-dithiol
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
2-mercaptoethanol + protein disulfide
2-mercaptoethanol disulfide + protein-dithiol
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
2-mercaptoethanol + protein disulfide
2-mercaptoethanol disulfide + protein-dithiol
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
2-mercaptoethanol glutathione disulfide + glutathione
2-mercaptoethanol disulfide + glutathione disulfide
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
2-mercaptoethanol glutathione disulfide + glutathione
2-mercaptoethanol disulfide + glutathione disulfide
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
2-mercaptoethanol glutathione disulfide + glutathione
2-mercaptoethanol disulfide + glutathione disulfide
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
apocytochrome c + glutathione disulfide
apocytochrome c disulfide + 2 glutathione
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
apocytochrome c + glutathione disulfide
apocytochrome c disulfide + 2 glutathione
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
dithiothreitol + insulin disulfide
dithiothreitol disulfide + insulin
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
dithiothreitol + insulin disulfide
dithiothreitol disulfide + insulin
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
dithiothreitol + protein disulfide
?
-
Substrates: protein disulfide: insulin or thioredoxin
Products: -
Products: -
r
glutathionylated glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase + glutathione
glutathione disulfide + glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
Substrates: substrate is glutathionylated A4-GAPDH. A4-GAPDH activity is reversibly inhibited by glutathionylation
Products: -
Products: -
?
glutathionylated glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase + glutathione
glutathione disulfide + glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
Substrates: substrate is glutathionylated A4-GAPDH. A4-GAPDH activity is reversibly inhibited by glutathionylation
Products: -
Products: -
?
glutathionylated isocitrate lyase + glutathione
glutathione disulfide + isocitrate lyase
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
glutathionylated isocitrate lyase + glutathione
glutathione disulfide + isocitrate lyase
-
Substrates: substrate is glutathionylated isocitrate lyase of Chlamydomonas rheinhardtii
Products: -
Products: -
?
GSH + insulin
GSSG + reduced insulin chain A and B
-
3052, 394817, 394819, 394825, 394826, 394827, 394828, 394829, 394831, 394832, 394833, 394834, 394835, 394836, 394837, 394838, 394839, 394840, 394845, 394847, 394848, 394849, 394851
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
GSH + insulin
GSSG + reduced insulin chain A and B
-
Substrates: proinsulin
Products: -
Products: -
?
GSH + insulin
GSSG + reduced insulin chain A and B
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
GSH + insulin
GSSG + reduced insulin chain A and B
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
GSH + insulin
GSSG + reduced insulin chain A and B
-
Substrates: proinsulin
Products: -
Products: -
?
GSH + insulin
GSSG + reduced insulin chain A and B
-
Substrates: proinsulin
Products: -
Products: -
?
GSH + insulin
GSSG + reduced insulin chain A and B
-
Substrates: proinsulin
Products: -
Products: -
?
GSH + protein disulfide
GSSG + protein-dithiol
-
3052, 394810, 394811, 394817, 394825, 394826, 394827, 394828, 394829, 394831, 394832, 394833, 394834, 394835, 394837, 394838, 394839, 394845, 394847, 394848, 394849
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
GSH + protein disulfide
GSSG + protein-dithiol
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
r
GSH + protein disulfide
GSSG + protein-dithiol
-
Substrates: protein disulfide: e.g. of alcohol dehydrogenase, hexokinase, fructose-1,6-diphosphatase, malate dehydrogenase, glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase, glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase
Products: -
Products: -
?
GSH + protein disulfide
GSSG + protein-dithiol
-
Substrates: prolactin is a poor substrate
Products: -
Products: -
?
GSH + protein disulfide
GSSG + protein-dithiol
-
Substrates: physiological function
Products: -
Products: -
?
GSH + protein disulfide
GSSG + protein-dithiol
-
Substrates: reductive degradation and assembly of proteins
Products: -
Products: -
?
GSH + protein disulfide
GSSG + protein-dithiol
-
Substrates: modulation of enzymatic activity from latent to active form and vice versa
Products: -
Products: -
?
GSH + protein disulfide
GSSG + protein-dithiol
-
Substrates: feedback control via insulin in the liver
Products: -
Products: -
?
GSH + protein disulfide
GSSG + protein-dithiol
-
Substrates: protein disulfide: thioredoxin
Products: -
Products: -
r
GSH + protein disulfide
GSSG + protein-dithiol
-
Substrates: very rapid disulfide interchange reaction
Products: -
Products: -
r
GSH + protein disulfide
GSSG + protein-dithiol
-
Substrates: protein disulfide: enzyme itself
Products: -
Products: -
r
GSH + protein disulfide
GSSG + protein-dithiol
-
Substrates: disulfide bonding step in folding pathway of many periplasmic and outer membrane proteins with structural disulfide bonds
Products: -
Products: -
r
GSH + protein disulfide
GSSG + protein-dithiol
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
GSH + protein disulfide
GSSG + protein-dithiol
-
Substrates: physiological function
Products: -
Products: -
?
GSH + protein disulfide
GSSG + protein-dithiol
-
Substrates: reductive degradation and assembly of proteins
Products: -
Products: -
?
GSH + protein disulfide
GSSG + protein-dithiol
-
Substrates: modulation of enzymatic activity from latent to active form and vice versa
Products: -
Products: -
?
GSH + protein disulfide
GSSG + protein-dithiol
-
Substrates: feedback control via insulin in the liver
Products: -
Products: -
?
GSH + protein disulfide
GSSG + protein-dithiol
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
GSH + protein disulfide
GSSG + protein-dithiol
-
Substrates: physiological function
Products: -
Products: -
?
GSH + protein disulfide
GSSG + protein-dithiol
-
Substrates: reductive degradation and assembly of proteins
Products: -
Products: -
?
GSH + protein disulfide
GSSG + protein-dithiol
-
Substrates: modulation of enzymatic activity from latent to active form and vice versa
Products: -
Products: -