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Enzyme Nomenclature
Information on EC 1.5.3.5 - (S)-6-hydroxynicotine oxidase
Word Map on EC 1.5.3.5
- 1.5.3.5
- arthrobacter
- 6-hydroxy-d-nicotine
-
oxidans
-
nicotinovorans
- flavin
- fad
-
nicotine-degrading
-
flavoenzymes
-
flavoproteins
-
d-specific
-
monoamine
- riboflavin
-
dehydrogenation
- pyrrolidine
- 6-hdno
-
dithionite-reduced
- isoalloxazine
-
self-formed
-
l-enantiomer
-
fad-binding
-
substrate-reduced
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The enzyme appears in viruses and cellular organisms
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EC NUMBER 
COMMENTARY 
1.5.3.5
-
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RECOMMENDED NAME
GeneOntology No.
(S)-6-hydroxynicotine oxidase
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
(S)-6-hydroxynicotine + H2O + O2 = 1-(6-hydroxypyridin-3-yl)-4-(methylamino)butan-1-one + H2O2
overall reaction
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-
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(S)-6-hydroxynicotine + O2 = 5-(N-methyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)pyridin-2-ol + H2O2
(1a)
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-
-
5-(N-methyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)pyridin-2-ol + H2O = 1-(6-hydroxypyridin-3-yl)-4-(methylamino)butan-1-one
(1b), spontaneous
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-
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
oxidation
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-
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redox reaction
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-
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reduction
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-
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PATHWAY
BRENDA Link
KEGG Link
MetaCyc Link
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
(S)-6-hydroxynicotine:oxygen oxidoreductase
A flavoprotein (FAD). The enzyme, which participates in nicotine degradation, is specific for the (S) isomer of 6-hydroxynicotine. The bacterium Arthrobacter nicotinovorans, in which this enzyme was originally discovered, has a different enzyme that catalyses a similar reaction with the less common (R)-isomer (cf. EC 1.5.3.6, (R)-6-hydroxynicotine oxidase).
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
37256-29-4
-
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ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
isolated from tobacco plant rhizosphere in Shandong Province, China
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isolated from tobacco plant rhizosphere in Shandong Province, China
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formerly Arthrobacter oxidans
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GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
metabolism
physiological function
additional information
metabolism
-
the enzyme is involved in nicotine degradation, five hydroxylated-pyridine intermediates during the cell growth on nicotine and during transformation of nicotine within resting cells, overview. Agrobacterium strain S33 employs a novel pathway that is different from the two characterized pathways described in Arthrobacter and Pseudomonas. Agrobacterium strain S33 is able to transform nicotine to 6-hydroxypseudooxynicotine first via the pyridine pathway through 6-hydroxy-L-nicotine and 6-hydroxy-N-methylmyosmine, and then, it turns to the pyrrolidine pathway with the formation of 6-hydroxy-3-succinoylpyridine and 2,5-dihydroxypyridine. The cell extract can transform 6-hydroxypseudooxynicotine into 6-hydroxy-3-succinoylpyridine by coupling with 6-hydroxy-Lnicotine oxidation reaction by 6-hydroxy-L-nicotine oxidase. Pathways of nicotine degradation by bacteria,, overview
metabolism
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the enzyme is involved in nicotine degradation, five hydroxylated-pyridine intermediates during the cell growth on nicotine and during transformation of nicotine within resting cells, overview. Agrobacterium strain S33 employs a novel pathway that is different from the two characterized pathways described in Arthrobacter and Pseudomonas. Agrobacterium strain S33 is able to transform nicotine to 6-hydroxypseudooxynicotine first via the pyridine pathway through 6-hydroxy-L-nicotine and 6-hydroxy-N-methylmyosmine, and then, it turns to the pyrrolidine pathway with the formation of 6-hydroxy-3-succinoylpyridine and 2,5-dihydroxypyridine. The cell extract can transform 6-hydroxypseudooxynicotine into 6-hydroxy-3-succinoylpyridine by coupling with 6-hydroxy-Lnicotine oxidation reaction by 6-hydroxy-L-nicotine oxidase. Pathways of nicotine degradation by bacteria,, overview
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physiological function
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expression of the 6-hydroxy-L-nicotine oxidase gene allows the bacterium to take up L-nicotine
physiological function
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expression of the 6-hydroxy-L-nicotine oxidase gene allows the bacterium to take up L-nicotine
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additional information
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the flavin may have a role in oxygen activation involving replacement of the water molecule by oxygen and superoxide formation. The orientation of the bound substrate relative to the isoalloxazine ring of the FAD cofactor is suitable for hydride transfer dehydrogenation at the carbon atom that forms the chiral center of the substrate molecule, substrate-binding mode, overview. In the dithionite-reduced 6HLNO, the natural substrate 6-hydroxy-L-nicotine is located in a tight cavity suggesting that the binding geometry of this unproductive complex may be closely similar as under oxidizing conditions
additional information
the flavin may have a role in oxygen activation involving replacement of the water molecule by oxygen and superoxide formation. The orientation of the bound substrate relative to the isoalloxazine ring of the FAD cofactor is suitable for hydride transfer dehydrogenation at the carbon atom that forms the chiral center of the substrate molecule, substrate-binding mode, overview. In the dithionite-reduced 6HLNO, the natural substrate 6-hydroxy-L-nicotine is located in a tight cavity suggesting that the binding geometry of this unproductive complex may be closely similar as under oxidizing conditions
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
(S)-6-hydroxynicotine + H2O + O2
1-(6-hydroxypyrid-3-yl)-4-(methylamino)-butan-1-one + H2O2
(S)-6-hydroxynicotine + H2O + O2
1-(6-hydroxypyridin-3-yl)-4-(methylamino)butan-1-one + H2O2
2-phenylethylamine + H2O + O2
2-phenylethanal + NH3 + H2O2
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-
-
-
?
6-hydroxy-L-nicotine + H2O + O2
6-hydroxy-N-methylmyosmine + NH3 + H2O2
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-
-
-
?
L-6-hydroxy-nor-nicotine + H2O + O2
1-(6-hydroxypyrid-3-yl)-4-aminobutan-1-one + H2O2
-
-
-
-
?
(S)-6-hydroxynicotine + H2O + O2
1-(6-hydroxypyrid-3-yl)-4-(methylamino)-butan-1-one + H2O2
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-
-
?
(S)-6-hydroxynicotine + H2O + O2
1-(6-hydroxypyrid-3-yl)-4-(methylamino)-butan-1-one + H2O2
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-
-
?
(S)-6-hydroxynicotine + H2O + O2
1-(6-hydroxypyrid-3-yl)-4-(methylamino)-butan-1-one + H2O2
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?
(S)-6-hydroxynicotine + H2O + O2
1-(6-hydroxypyrid-3-yl)-4-(methylamino)-butan-1-one + H2O2
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-
-
?
(S)-6-hydroxynicotine + H2O + O2
1-(6-hydroxypyrid-3-yl)-4-(methylamino)-butan-1-one + H2O2
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-
?
(S)-6-hydroxynicotine + H2O + O2
1-(6-hydroxypyrid-3-yl)-4-(methylamino)-butan-1-one + H2O2
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?
(S)-6-hydroxynicotine + H2O + O2
1-(6-hydroxypyrid-3-yl)-4-(methylamino)-butan-1-one + H2O2
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?
(S)-6-hydroxynicotine + H2O + O2
1-(6-hydroxypyrid-3-yl)-4-(methylamino)-butan-1-one + H2O2
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transitional product is 6-hydroxy-N-methylmyosmine that hydrolyses spontaneously
?
(S)-6-hydroxynicotine + H2O + O2
1-(6-hydroxypyrid-3-yl)-4-(methylamino)-butan-1-one + H2O2
-
-
transitional product is 6-hydroxy-N-methylmyosmine that hydrolyses spontaneously
?
(S)-6-hydroxynicotine + H2O + O2
1-(6-hydroxypyrid-3-yl)-4-(methylamino)-butan-1-one + H2O2
-
-
transitional product is 6-hydroxy-N-methylmyosmine that hydrolyses spontaneously
?
(S)-6-hydroxynicotine + H2O + O2
1-(6-hydroxypyrid-3-yl)-4-(methylamino)-butan-1-one + H2O2
-
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transitional product is 6-hydroxy-N-methylmyosmine that hydrolyses spontaneously
?
(S)-6-hydroxynicotine + H2O + O2
1-(6-hydroxypyridin-3-yl)-4-(methylamino)butan-1-one + H2O2
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-
?
(S)-6-hydroxynicotine + H2O + O2
1-(6-hydroxypyridin-3-yl)-4-(methylamino)butan-1-one + H2O2
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?
(S)-6-hydroxynicotine + H2O + O2
1-(6-hydroxypyridin-3-yl)-4-(methylamino)butan-1-one + H2O2
absolute stereospecificity on the L-form
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-
?
(S)-6-hydroxynicotine + H2O + O2
1-(6-hydroxypyridin-3-yl)-4-(methylamino)butan-1-one + H2O2
absolute stereospecificity on the L-form
intermediate product 6-hydroxy-N-methylmyosmine, which hydrolyzes to 6-hydroxy-pseudooxynicotine
-
?
(S)-6-hydroxynicotine + H2O + O2
6-hydroxy-pseudooxynicotine + H2O2
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?
(S)-6-hydroxynicotine + H2O + O2
6-hydroxy-pseudooxynicotine + H2O2
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?
additional information
?
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transformation of 6-hydroxy-L-nicotine to 6-hydroxy-N-methylmyosmine, 6-hydroxypseudooxynicotine formation, overview
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additional information
?
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measurement of enzyme activity using dichlorindophenol. 6-Hydroxypseudooxynicotine forms from 6-hydroxy-N-methylmyosmine non-enzymatically
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additional information
?
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transformation of 6-hydroxy-L-nicotine to 6-hydroxy-N-methylmyosmine, 6-hydroxypseudooxynicotine formation, overview
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additional information
?
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measurement of enzyme activity using dichlorindophenol. 6-Hydroxypseudooxynicotine forms from 6-hydroxy-N-methylmyosmine non-enzymatically
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additional information
?
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also oxidizes circular secondary and tertiary amines
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additional information
?
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enzyme production is induced by growing cells in D,L-nicotine as only source of carbon and nitrogen
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additional information
?
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enzyme production is induced by growing cells in D,L-nicotine as only source of carbon and nitrogen
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-
additional information
?
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enzyme production is induced by growing cells in D,L-nicotine as only source of carbon and nitrogen
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-
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additional information
?
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it is synthesized only during the logarithmic and stationary phases of growth
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additional information
?
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no activity with 6-hydroxy-D-nicotine
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additional information
?
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synthesis of 6-hydroxy-N-methylmyosmine and 6-hydroxy-pseudooxynicotine from 6-hydroxy-L-nicotine. 6-Hydroxypseudooxynicotine forms from 6-hydroxy-N-methylmyosmine non-enzymatically
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NATURAL SUBSTRATES
NATURAL PRODUCTS
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
(S)-6-hydroxynicotine + H2O + O2
1-(6-hydroxypyrid-3-yl)-4-(methylamino)-butan-1-one + H2O2
(S)-6-hydroxynicotine + H2O + O2
1-(6-hydroxypyridin-3-yl)-4-(methylamino)butan-1-one + H2O2
6-hydroxy-L-nicotine + H2O + O2
6-hydroxy-N-methylmyosmine + NH3 + H2O2
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?
(S)-6-hydroxynicotine + H2O + O2
1-(6-hydroxypyrid-3-yl)-4-(methylamino)-butan-1-one + H2O2
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-
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?
(S)-6-hydroxynicotine + H2O + O2
1-(6-hydroxypyrid-3-yl)-4-(methylamino)-butan-1-one + H2O2
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-
-
?
(S)-6-hydroxynicotine + H2O + O2
1-(6-hydroxypyrid-3-yl)-4-(methylamino)-butan-1-one + H2O2
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-
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?
(S)-6-hydroxynicotine + H2O + O2
1-(6-hydroxypyrid-3-yl)-4-(methylamino)-butan-1-one + H2O2
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?
(S)-6-hydroxynicotine + H2O + O2
1-(6-hydroxypyrid-3-yl)-4-(methylamino)-butan-1-one + H2O2
-
-
-
?
(S)-6-hydroxynicotine + H2O + O2
1-(6-hydroxypyrid-3-yl)-4-(methylamino)-butan-1-one + H2O2
-
-
-
?
(S)-6-hydroxynicotine + H2O + O2
1-(6-hydroxypyrid-3-yl)-4-(methylamino)-butan-1-one + H2O2
-
-
-
?
(S)-6-hydroxynicotine + H2O + O2
1-(6-hydroxypyrid-3-yl)-4-(methylamino)-butan-1-one + H2O2
-
-
transitional product is 6-hydroxy-N-methylmyosmine that hydrolyses spontaneously
?
(S)-6-hydroxynicotine + H2O + O2
1-(6-hydroxypyrid-3-yl)-4-(methylamino)-butan-1-one + H2O2
-
-
transitional product is 6-hydroxy-N-methylmyosmine that hydrolyses spontaneously
?
(S)-6-hydroxynicotine + H2O + O2
1-(6-hydroxypyrid-3-yl)-4-(methylamino)-butan-1-one + H2O2
-
-
transitional product is 6-hydroxy-N-methylmyosmine that hydrolyses spontaneously
?
(S)-6-hydroxynicotine + H2O + O2
1-(6-hydroxypyrid-3-yl)-4-(methylamino)-butan-1-one + H2O2
-
-
transitional product is 6-hydroxy-N-methylmyosmine that hydrolyses spontaneously
?
(S)-6-hydroxynicotine + H2O + O2
1-(6-hydroxypyridin-3-yl)-4-(methylamino)butan-1-one + H2O2
-
-
-
-
?
(S)-6-hydroxynicotine + H2O + O2
1-(6-hydroxypyridin-3-yl)-4-(methylamino)butan-1-one + H2O2
-
-
-
-
?
(S)-6-hydroxynicotine + H2O + O2
1-(6-hydroxypyridin-3-yl)-4-(methylamino)butan-1-one + H2O2
Q93NH4
absolute stereospecificity on the L-form
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-
?
additional information
?
-
-
transformation of 6-hydroxy-L-nicotine to 6-hydroxy-N-methylmyosmine, 6-hydroxypseudooxynicotine formation, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
transformation of 6-hydroxy-L-nicotine to 6-hydroxy-N-methylmyosmine, 6-hydroxypseudooxynicotine formation, overview
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme production is induced by growing cells in D,L-nicotine as only source of carbon and nitrogen
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-
-
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme production is induced by growing cells in D,L-nicotine as only source of carbon and nitrogen
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme production is induced by growing cells in D,L-nicotine as only source of carbon and nitrogen
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
it is synthesized only during the logarithmic and stationary phases of growth
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
no activity with 6-hydroxy-D-nicotine
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-
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COFACTOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
FAD
-
1 FAD per subunit, non-covalently bound; has an adenylate-binding domain
FAD
-
1 FAD per subunit, non-covalently bound; 4 mol FAD per mol protein
FAD
-
1 FAD per subunit, non-covalently bound
FAD
binding domain structure, overview. The flavin may have a role in oxygen activation involving replacement of the water molecule by oxygen and superoxide formation
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INHIBITORS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
p-Chloromercuriphenylsulfonate
-
60% inhibition at 0.025 mM, inhibition can be reversed by an excess of thiol compounds
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ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.02
(S)-6-hydroxynicotine
pH and temperature not specified in the publication
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TURNOVER NUMBER [1/s]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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Ki VALUE [mM]
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.1
(R)-6-hydroxynicotine
pH and temperature not specified in the publication
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SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
7 - 7.5
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TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
30
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LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
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PDB
SCOP
CATH
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
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MOLECULAR WEIGHT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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SUBUNITS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
dimer
the active enzyme exists as a stable dimer in solution
homodimer
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POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
lipoprotein
a diacylglycerophospholipid molecule is non-covalently bound to each enzyme protomer. The fatty acid chains occupy hydrophobic channels that penetrate deep into the interior of the substrate-binding domain of each subunit. The solvent-exposed glycerophosphate moiety is located at the subunit-subunit interface
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Crystallization/COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
His-tagged and untagged free enzyme and complex of dithionite-reduced 6HLNO with the natural substrate 6-hydroxy-L-nicotine X-ray diffraction structure determination and analysis at 1.95 A and 2.05 A resolution, respectively, combined isomorphous/multiple-wavelength anomalous dispersion phasing; to 1.95 A resolution. A diacylglycerophospholipid molecule is non-covalently bound to each protomer of 6HLNO. The fatty acid chains occupy hydrophobic channels that penetrate deep into the interior of the substrate-binding domain of each subunit. The solvent-exposed glycerophosphate moiety is located at the subunit-subunit interface. In the crystal structure of a complex of dithionite-reduced 6HLNO with the natural substrate 6-hydroxy-L-nicotine at 2.05 A resolution, the location of the substrate in a tight cavity suggests that the binding geometry of this unproductive complex may be closely similar as under oxidizing conditions. A comparison of the substrate-binding modes of 6HLNO and 6-hydroxy-D-nicotine oxidase, EC 1.5.3.6, based on models of complexes with the D-substrate, suggests that the two enzymes orient the enantiomeric substrates in mirror symmetry with respect to the plane of the flavin
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pH STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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TEMPERATURE STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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STORAGE STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
0°C, saturated ammonium sulfate solution, 2 weeks, little inactivation
-
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Purification/COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
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Cloned/COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
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LINKS TO OTHER DATABASES (specific for EC-Number 1.5.3.5)
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