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Information on EC 1.4.99.5 - glycine dehydrogenase (cyanide-forming)
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1.4.99.5 glycine dehydrogenase (cyanide-forming)IUBMB Comments
The enzyme from Pseudomonas sp. contains FAD. The enzyme is membrane-bound, and the 2-electron acceptor is a component of the respiratory chain. The enzyme can act with various artificial electron acceptors, including phenazine methosulfate.
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Word Map
- 1.4.99.5
- aeruginosa
- fluorescens
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hcnabc
- anr
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fnr-like
- gaca
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rhizosphere
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plant-beneficial
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cyanogenesis
- 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol
- oxysporum
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pathosystems
- pseudomonads
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two-component
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till
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Bacteria, Archaea
Synonyms
cyanogenic enzyme system, HCA, HCN synthase, HCS, hydrogen cyanide synthase, synthase, hydrogen cyanide (9Cl), 
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SYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
cyanogenic enzyme system
HCA
HCN synthase
HCS
hydrogen cyanide synthase
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synthase, hydrogen cyanide (9Cl)
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-
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HCN synthase
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
glycine + 2 acceptor = hydrogen cyanide + CO2 + 2 reduced acceptor
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-
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PATHWAY SOURCE
PATHWAYS
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
glycine:acceptor oxidoreductase (hydrogen-cyanide-forming)
The enzyme from Pseudomonas sp. contains FAD. The enzyme is membrane-bound, and the 2-electron acceptor is a component of the respiratory chain. The enzyme can act with various artificial electron acceptors, including phenazine methosulfate.
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
210488-48-5
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
glycine + 2,2'-di-(p-nitrophenyl-5,5')-(diphenyl)-3,3'-(3,3'-dimethoxy-4,4'-diphenylene) ditetrazolium chloride
HCN + ?
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NBT
-
-
?
glycine + 2-(p-iodophenyl)-3-(p-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyl-tetrazolium chloride
HCN + CO2 + ?
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INT
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-
?
glycine + FAD
HCN + CO2 + FADH2
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glycine is decarboxylated to HCN by the enzyme HCN synthase, the product of the hcnABC synthase gene cluster
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-
?
glycine + 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol
HCN + CO2 + ?
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DCIP
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-
?
glycine + O2
HCN + CO2 + 2 H2O
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-
-
-
?
glycine + O2
HCN + CO2 + 2 H2O
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-
-
-
?
glycine + O2
HCN + CO2 + H2O
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-
-
-
?
glycine + O2
HCN + CO2 + H2O
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dissolved oxygen regulates the synthesis of the cyanogenic enzyme system
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-
?
glycine + O2
HCN + CO2 + H2O
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dissolved oxygen regulates the synthesis of the cyanogenic enzyme system
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-
?
glycine + phenazine methosulfate
HCN + CO2 + ?
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PMS provided greatest activity, oxygen allows only a limited response
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-
?
glycine + phenazine methosulfate
HCN + CO2 + ?
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PMS provided greatest activity, oxygen allows only a limited response
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?
additional information
?
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sodium nitrate, sodium nitrite, NAD+, NADP+, FAD and FMN fail as electron acceptors to support cyanide biosynthesis
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?
additional information
?
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cyanide produced by the enzyme is involved in virulence of the organism. Drosophila melanogaster exposed to cyanogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains have high cyanide and low ATP concentrations in body extracts, and treatment with a cyanide antidote equalized survival of flies injected with cyanogenic and noncyanogenic strains. Strain PAO1 with a mutation in the hydrogen cyanide synthase gene cluster is much less toxic to flies than the parental cyanogenic strain or 2 knock-in strains, overview
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?
additional information
?
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sodium nitrate, sodium nitrite, NAD+, NADP+, FAD and FMN fail as electron acceptors to support cyanide biosynthesis
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?
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NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
glycine + FAD
HCN + CO2 + FADH2
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glycine is decarboxylated to HCN by the enzyme HCN synthase, the product of the hcnABC synthase gene cluster
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?
additional information
?
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cyanide produced by the enzyme is involved in virulence of the organism. Drosophila melanogaster exposed to cyanogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains have high cyanide and low ATP concentrations in body extracts, and treatment with a cyanide antidote equalized survival of flies injected with cyanogenic and noncyanogenic strains. Strain PAO1 with a mutation in the hydrogen cyanide synthase gene cluster is much less toxic to flies than the parental cyanogenic strain or 2 knock-in strains, overview
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-
?
glycine + O2
HCN + CO2 + 2 H2O
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-
-
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?
glycine + O2
HCN + CO2 + 2 H2O
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-
-
-
?
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COFACTOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
Fe2+
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iron regulation of the hcnABC genes encoding hydrogen cyanide synthase, iron limitation has negative effect on hcn expression
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INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
O2
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very sensitive to molecular oxygen, becomes rapidly inactivated in presence
O2
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very sensitive to molecular oxygen, becomes rapidly inactivated in presence
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ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
pyocyanin
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secondary metabolite, supports HCS mediated cyanide production
additional information
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ANR, anaerobic regulator required for maximal expression of the HCN biosynthetic genes
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additional information
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ANR, anaerobic regulator required for maximal expression of the HCN biosynthetic genes
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additional information
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GacA, global activator required for maximal expression of the HCN biosynthetic genes
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TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
human isolates, cyanogenic strains, hcnABC synthase gene cluster
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-
brenda
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LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
Show AA Sequence and Transmembrane Helices (1566 entries)
Please use the AA Sequence and Transmembrane Helices Search for a specific query.
Please use the AA Sequence and Transmembrane Helices Search for a specific query.
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GENERAL STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
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OXIDATION STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
extremely unstable, oxygen inactivation, protected from inactivation by anaerobic conditions
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392032
synthesis of HCN is repressed under highly aerobic conditions, cyanogenic enzyme system is rapidly inactivated, both in vivo and in vitro, in the presence of oxygen
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392033
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PURIFICATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
partially
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CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
hcnABC gene cluster encoding hydrogen cyanide synthase, heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli
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REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Castric, K.F.; McDevitt, D.A.; Castric, P.A.
Influence of aeration on hydrogen cyanide biosynthesis byPseudomonas aeruginosa
Curr. Microbiol.
5
223-226
1981
Chromobacterium violaceum, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 9-D2
-
brenda
Castric, P.
Influence of oxygen on the Pseudomonas aeruginosa hydrogen cyanide synthase
Curr. Microbiol.
29
19-21
1994
Chromobacterium violaceum, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 9-D2
brenda
Laville, J.; Blumer, C.; von Schroetter, C.; Gaia, V.; Defago, G.; Keel, C.; Haas, D.
Characterization of the HCNABC gene cluster encoding hydrogen cyanide synthase and anaerobic regulation by ANR in the strictly aerobic biocontrol agent Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0
J. Bacteriol.
180
3187-3196
1998
Chromobacterium violaceum, Pseudomonas sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ADD1976, Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0
brenda
Blumer, C.; Haas, D.
Iron regulation of the hcnABC genes encoding hydrogen cyanide synthase depends on the anaerobic regulator ANR rather than on the global activator GacA in Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0
Microbiology
146
2417-2424
2000
Chromobacterium violaceum, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1A4, Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0
-
brenda
Blumer, C.; Haas, D.
Mechanism, regulation, and ecological role of bacterial cyanide biosynthesis
Arch. Microbiol.
173
170-177
2000
Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 = FACHB-805, Chromobacterium violaceum, Desmonostoc muscorum, Leptolyngbya boryana, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas chlororaphis subsp. aureofaciens, Pseudomonas chlororaphis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Rhizobium leguminosarum, Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0
brenda
Broderick, K.E.; Chan, A.; Balasubramanian, M.; Feala, J.; Reed, S.L.; Panda, M.; Sharma, V.S.; Pilz, R.B.; Bigby, T.D.; Boss, G.R.
Cyanide produced by human isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa contributes to lethality in Drosophila melanogaster
J. Infect. Dis.
197
457-464
2008
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
brenda
Michelsen, C.; Stougaard, P.
Hydrogen cyanide synthesis and antifungal activity of the biocontrol strain Pseudomonas fluorescens In5 from Greenland is highly dependent on growth medium
Can. J. Microbiol.
58
381-390
2012
Pseudomonas fluorescens (C7E715 and C7E716 and C7E717), Pseudomonas fluorescens In5 (C7E715 and C7E716 and C7E717)
brenda
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