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Information on EC 1.4.99.5 - glycine dehydrogenase (cyanide-forming) for references in articles please use BRENDA:EC1.4.99.5
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IUBMB Comments The enzyme from Pseudomonas sp. contains FAD. The enzyme is membrane-bound, and the 2-electron acceptor is a component of the respiratory chain. The enzyme can act with various artificial electron acceptors, including phenazine methosulfate.
The enzyme appears in viruses and cellular organisms
Synonyms
cyanogenic enzyme system, HCA, HCN synthase, HCS, hydrogen cyanide synthase, synthase, hydrogen cyanide (9Cl),
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hydrogen cyanide synthase
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synthase, hydrogen cyanide (9Cl)
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cyanogenic enzyme system
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cyanogenic enzyme system
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HCA
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HCN synthase
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HCN synthase
C7E715; C7E716; C7E717
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HCN synthase
C7E715; C7E716; C7E717
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HCS
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glycine + 2 acceptor = hydrogen cyanide + CO2 + 2 reduced acceptor
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glycine:acceptor oxidoreductase (hydrogen-cyanide-forming)
The enzyme from Pseudomonas sp. contains FAD. The enzyme is membrane-bound, and the 2-electron acceptor is a component of the respiratory chain. The enzyme can act with various artificial electron acceptors, including phenazine methosulfate.
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glycine + 2,2'-di-(p-nitrophenyl-5,5')-(diphenyl)-3,3'-(3,3'-dimethoxy-4,4'-diphenylene) ditetrazolium chloride
HCN + ?
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NBT
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?
glycine + 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol
HCN + CO2 + ?
glycine + 2-(p-iodophenyl)-3-(p-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyl-tetrazolium chloride
HCN + CO2 + ?
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INT
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?
glycine + FAD
HCN + CO2 + FADH2
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glycine is decarboxylated to HCN by the enzyme HCN synthase, the product of the hcnABC synthase gene cluster
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?
glycine + O2
HCN + CO2 + 2 H2O
glycine + O2
HCN + CO2 + H2O
glycine + phenazine methosulfate
HCN + CO2 + ?
glycine + potassium ferricyanide
HCN + CO2 + ?
glycine + pyocyanine
HCN + ?
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?
additional information
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glycine + 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol
HCN + CO2 + ?
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DCIP
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?
glycine + 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol
HCN + CO2 + ?
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DCIP
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?
glycine + O2
HCN + CO2 + 2 H2O
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?
glycine + O2
HCN + CO2 + 2 H2O
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?
glycine + O2
HCN + CO2 + 2 H2O
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?
glycine + O2
HCN + CO2 + 2 H2O
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?
glycine + O2
HCN + CO2 + 2 H2O
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?
glycine + O2
HCN + CO2 + 2 H2O
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?
glycine + O2
HCN + CO2 + 2 H2O
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?
glycine + O2
HCN + CO2 + 2 H2O
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?
glycine + O2
HCN + CO2 + 2 H2O
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?
glycine + O2
HCN + CO2 + 2 H2O
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?
glycine + O2
HCN + CO2 + 2 H2O
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?
glycine + O2
HCN + CO2 + 2 H2O
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?
glycine + O2
HCN + CO2 + 2 H2O
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glycine + O2
HCN + CO2 + 2 H2O
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glycine + O2
HCN + CO2 + H2O
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glycine + O2
HCN + CO2 + H2O
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?
glycine + O2
HCN + CO2 + H2O
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?
glycine + O2
HCN + CO2 + H2O
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?
glycine + O2
HCN + CO2 + H2O
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dissolved oxygen regulates the synthesis of the cyanogenic enzyme system
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?
glycine + O2
HCN + CO2 + H2O
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dissolved oxygen regulates the synthesis of the cyanogenic enzyme system
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glycine + O2
HCN + CO2 + H2O
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?
glycine + O2
HCN + CO2 + H2O
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?
glycine + O2
HCN + CO2 + H2O
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?
glycine + O2
HCN + CO2 + H2O
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?
glycine + O2
HCN + CO2 + H2O
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?
glycine + O2
HCN + CO2 + H2O
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?
glycine + O2
HCN + CO2 + H2O
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?
glycine + O2
HCN + CO2 + H2O
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?
glycine + O2
HCN + CO2 + H2O
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?
glycine + O2
HCN + CO2 + H2O
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?
glycine + phenazine methosulfate
HCN + CO2 + ?
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?
glycine + phenazine methosulfate
HCN + CO2 + ?
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PMS provided greatest activity, oxygen allows only a limited response
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?
glycine + phenazine methosulfate
HCN + CO2 + ?
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PMS provided greatest activity, oxygen allows only a limited response
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glycine + phenazine methosulfate
HCN + CO2 + ?
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glycine + phenazine methosulfate
HCN + CO2 + ?
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glycine + potassium ferricyanide
HCN + CO2 + ?
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glycine + potassium ferricyanide
HCN + CO2 + ?
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additional information
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sodium nitrate, sodium nitrite, NAD+, NADP+, FAD and FMN fail as electron acceptors to support cyanide biosynthesis
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additional information
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cyanide produced by the enzyme is involved in virulence of the organism. Drosophila melanogaster exposed to cyanogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains have high cyanide and low ATP concentrations in body extracts, and treatment with a cyanide antidote equalized survival of flies injected with cyanogenic and noncyanogenic strains. Strain PAO1 with a mutation in the hydrogen cyanide synthase gene cluster is much less toxic to flies than the parental cyanogenic strain or 2 knock-in strains, overview
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additional information
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sodium nitrate, sodium nitrite, NAD+, NADP+, FAD and FMN fail as electron acceptors to support cyanide biosynthesis
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glycine + FAD
HCN + CO2 + FADH2
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glycine is decarboxylated to HCN by the enzyme HCN synthase, the product of the hcnABC synthase gene cluster
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?
glycine + O2
HCN + CO2 + 2 H2O
additional information
?
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cyanide produced by the enzyme is involved in virulence of the organism. Drosophila melanogaster exposed to cyanogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains have high cyanide and low ATP concentrations in body extracts, and treatment with a cyanide antidote equalized survival of flies injected with cyanogenic and noncyanogenic strains. Strain PAO1 with a mutation in the hydrogen cyanide synthase gene cluster is much less toxic to flies than the parental cyanogenic strain or 2 knock-in strains, overview
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glycine + O2
HCN + CO2 + 2 H2O
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glycine + O2
HCN + CO2 + 2 H2O
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glycine + O2
HCN + CO2 + 2 H2O
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glycine + O2
HCN + CO2 + 2 H2O
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?
glycine + O2
HCN + CO2 + 2 H2O
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glycine + O2
HCN + CO2 + 2 H2O
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glycine + O2
HCN + CO2 + 2 H2O
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glycine + O2
HCN + CO2 + 2 H2O
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glycine + O2
HCN + CO2 + 2 H2O
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glycine + O2
HCN + CO2 + 2 H2O
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glycine + O2
HCN + CO2 + 2 H2O
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glycine + O2
HCN + CO2 + 2 H2O
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glycine + O2
HCN + CO2 + 2 H2O
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?
glycine + O2
HCN + CO2 + 2 H2O
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?
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Fe2+
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iron regulation of the hcnABC genes encoding hydrogen cyanide synthase, iron limitation has negative effect on hcn expression
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pyrrolnitrin
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strongly inhibits cyanide formation in vitro
O2
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O2
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very sensitive to molecular oxygen, becomes rapidly inactivated in presence
O2
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very sensitive to molecular oxygen, becomes rapidly inactivated in presence
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FAD
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stimulates the reaction
pyocyanin
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secondary metabolite, supports HCS mediated cyanide production
additional information
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ANR, anaerobic regulator required for maximal expression of the HCN biosynthetic genes
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additional information
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ANR, anaerobic regulator required for maximal expression of the HCN biosynthetic genes; GacA, global activator required for maximal expression of the HCN biosynthetic genes
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brenda
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HcnA and HcnB, and HcnC
C7E715; C7E716; C7E717
UniProt
brenda
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produces HCN as free-living bacterium
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brenda
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brenda
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; wild-type PAO1
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human isolates, cyanogenic strains, hcnABC synthase gene cluster
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brenda
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; mutant CHA5, CHA21, CHA77; wild-type P3
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brenda
HcnA and HcnB, and HcnC
C7E715; C7E716; C7E717
UniProt
brenda
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membrane-bound flavoenzyme
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membrane-bound flavoenzyme
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membrane-bound flavoenzyme
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membrane-bound flavoenzyme; membrane-bound flavoenzyme
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brenda
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extremely unstable, oxygen inactivation, protected from inactivation by anaerobic conditions
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392032
synthesis of HCN is repressed under highly aerobic conditions, cyanogenic enzyme system is rapidly inactivated, both in vivo and in vitro, in the presence of oxygen
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392033
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partially
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hcnABC gene cluster encoding hydrogen cyanide synthase, heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli
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Castric, K.F.; McDevitt, D.A.; Castric, P.A.
Influence of aeration on hydrogen cyanide biosynthesis b Curr. Microbiol.
5
223-226
1981
Chromobacterium violaceum, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 9-D2
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Castric, P.
Influence of oxygen on the Pseudomonas aeruginosa hydrogen cyanide synthase
Curr. Microbiol.
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19-21
1994
Chromobacterium violaceum, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 9-D2
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Laville, J.; Blumer, C.; von Schroetter, C.; Gaia, V.; Defago, G.; Keel, C.; Haas, D.
Characterization of the HCNABC gene cluster encoding hydrogen cyanide synthase and anaerobic regulation by ANR in the strictly aerobic biocontrol agent Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0
J. Bacteriol.
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3187-3196
1998
Chromobacterium violaceum, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ADD1976, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0, Pseudomonas sp.
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Blumer, C.; Haas, D.
Iron regulation of the hcnABC genes encoding hydrogen cyanide synthase depends on the anaerobic regulator ANR rather than on the global activator GacA in Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0
Microbiology
146
2417-2424
2000
Chromobacterium violaceum, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1A4, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0
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Blumer, C.; Haas, D.
Mechanism, regulation, and ecological role of bacterial cyanide biosynthesis
Arch. Microbiol.
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170-177
2000
Chromobacterium violaceum, Desmonostoc muscorum, Leptolyngbya boryana, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas chlororaphis, Pseudomonas chlororaphis subsp. aureofaciens, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0, Rhizobium leguminosarum, Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 = FACHB-805
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Broderick, K.E.; Chan, A.; Balasubramanian, M.; Feala, J.; Reed, S.L.; Panda, M.; Sharma, V.S.; Pilz, R.B.; Bigby, T.D.; Boss, G.R.
Cyanide produced by human isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa contributes to lethality in Drosophila melanogaster
J. Infect. Dis.
197
457-464
2008
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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Michelsen, C.; Stougaard, P.
Hydrogen cyanide synthesis and antifungal activity of the biocontrol strain Pseudomonas fluorescens In5 from Greenland is highly dependent on growth medium
Can. J. Microbiol.
58
381-390
2012
Pseudomonas fluorescens (C7E715 and C7E716 and C7E717), Pseudomonas fluorescens In5 (C7E715 and C7E716 and C7E717)
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1.4.99.5 glycine dehydrogenase (cyanide-forming)
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