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Enzyme Nomenclature
Information on EC 1.4.3.19 - glycine oxidase
for references in articles please use BRENDA:EC1.4.3.19
Word Map on EC 1.4.3.19
- 1.4.3.19
- subtilis
-
d-amino
- sarcosine
- amine
- flavoproteins
- fad
- flavin
-
flavoenzyme
-
deamination
- d-proline
- glyphosate
- glyoxylate
-
fad-dependent
- d-alanine
-
tryptophylquinone
-
homotetrameric
-
fad-binding
- 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate
-
rosetta
-
site-saturation
-
thios
-
fad-containing
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The enzyme appears in viruses and cellular organisms
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EC NUMBER 
COMMENTARY 
1.4.3.19
-
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RECOMMENDED NAME
GeneOntology No.
glycine oxidase
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
2-iminoacetate + H2O = glyoxylate + NH3
(1b)
-
-
-
glycine + O2 = 2-iminoacetate + H2O2
(1a)
-
-
-
glycine + H2O + O2 = glyoxylate + NH3 + H2O2
overall reaction
-
-
-
glycine + H2O + O2 = glyoxylate + NH3 + H2O2
ternary complex sequential mechanism
-
glycine + H2O + O2 = glyoxylate + NH3 + H2O2
reaction mechanism involving an FADH2-imino acid complex, overview
-
glycine + H2O + O2 = glyoxylate + NH3 + H2O2
reaction mechanism involving an FADH2-imino acid complex, overview
-
-
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
oxidation
redox reaction
-
-
-
-
reduction
-
-
-
-
oxidation
-
-
-
-
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PATHWAY
BRENDA Link
KEGG Link
MetaCyc Link
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
glycine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating)
A flavoenzyme containing non-covalently bound FAD. The enzyme from Bacillus subtilis is active with glycine, sarcosine, N-ethylglycine, D-alanine, D-alpha-aminobutyrate, D-proline, D-pipecolate and N-methyl-D-alanine. It differs from EC 1.4.3.3, D-amino-acid oxidase, due to its activity on sarcosine and D-pipecolate. The intermediate 2-iminoacetate is used directly by EC 2.8.1.10, thiazole synthase.
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
39307-16-9
-
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ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
D-2-aminobutyrate + H2O + O2
2-oxobutyrate + H2O2
-
as active as sarcosine
-
-
?
D-2-aminobutyrate + H2O + O2
? + NH3 + H2O2
-
2.2% of the activity with sarcosine
-
-
?
D-aminobutanoate + H2O + O2
? + H2O2
-
30% of the activity with sarcosine
-
-
?
D-Ile + H2O + O2
3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + H2O2
-
about 30% of the activity with sarcosine
-
-
?
D-Leu + H2O + O2
4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + H2O2
-
about 35% of the activity with sarcosine
-
-
?
D-Pro + H2O + O2
? + H2O2
-
about 120% of the activity with sarcosine
-
-
?
D-Val + H2O + O2
3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + H2O2
-
about 35% of the activity with sarcosine
-
-
?
D-Val + H2O + O2
? + NH3 + H2O2
-
4.8% of the activity with sarcosine
-
-
?
N-methyl-D-Ala + H2O + O2
? + H2O2
-
75% of the activity with sarcosine
-
-
?
N-methyl-D-Ala + H2O + O2
? + NH3 + H2O2
-
16.9% of the activity with sarcosine
-
-
-
N-methyl-D-Ala + H2O + O2
pyruvate + methylamine + H2O2
-
about 110% of the activity with sarcosine
-
-
?
cyclopropylglycine + H2O + O2
?
enzyme is required for the biosynthesis of the thiazole moiety of thiamine diphosphate
-
-
?
D-4-hydroxyphenylglycine + H2O + O2
?
-
0.6% activity compared to glycine
-
-
?
D-4-hydroxyphenylglycine + H2O + O2
?
-
0.6% activity compared to glycine
-
-
?
D-Ala + H2O + O2
pyruvate + NH3 + H2O2
-
7.4% of the activity with sarcosine
-
-
?
D-Ala + H2O + O2
pyruvate + NH3 + H2O2
-
about 115% of the activity with sarcosine
-
-
?
D-alanine + H2O + O2
?
10% activity compared to glycine
-
-
?
D-alanine + H2O + O2
pyruvate + NH3 + H2O2
-
0.2% activity compared to glycine
-
-
?
D-alanine + H2O + O2
pyruvate + NH3 + H2O2
-
0.2% activity compared to glycine
-
-
?
D-methionine + H2O + O2
4-(methylsulfanyl)-2-oxobutanoic acid + NH3 + H2O2
-
25% of the activity with sarcosine
-
-
?
D-methionine + H2O + O2
4-(methylsulfanyl)-2-oxobutanoic acid + NH3 + H2O2
-
-
-
-
?
D-methionine + H2O + O2
4-(methylsulfanyl)-2-oxobutanoic acid + NH3 + H2O2
-
-
-
-
?
D-norvaline + H2O + O2
2-oxopentanoic acid + NH3 + H2O2
-
-
-
-
?
D-phenylalanine + H2O + O2
phenylpyruvate + NH3 + H2O2
-
-
-
-
?
D-pipecolate + H2O + O2
? + H2O2
-
about 85% of the activity with sarcosine
-
-
?
D-pipecolate + H2O + O2
? + H2O2
-
70% of the activity with sarcosine
-
-
?
D-Pro + H2O + O2
? + NH3 + H2O2
-
15.1% of the activity with sarcosine
-
-
?
D-Pro + H2O + O2
? + NH3 + H2O2
-
110% of the activity with sarcosine
-
-
?
D-proline + H2O + O2
?
-
0.3% activity compared to glycine
-
-
?
D-proline + H2O + O2
?
25% activity compared to glycine
-
-
?
D-valine + H2O + O2
3-methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid + NH3 + H2O2
-
-
-
-
?
D-valine + H2O + O2
3-methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid + NH3 + H2O2
-
-
-
-
?
glycine + H2O + O2
glyoxylate + NH3 + H2O2
-
-
-
-
?
glycine + H2O + O2
glyoxylate + NH3 + H2O2
-
-
free glycine oxidase forms the anionic red semiquinone upon photoreduction.This species is thermodynamically stable, as indicated by the large separation of the two single-electron reduction potentials of DeltaE 290 mV. The first potential is pH-independent, while the second is dependent. The midpoint reduction potential exhibits a 23.4 mV/pH unit slope, which is consistent with an overall two-electrons/one-proton transfer in the reduction to yield anionic reduced flavin. In the presence of glycolate and at pH 7.5 the potential for the semiquinone-reduced enzyme couple is shifted positively by about 160 mV, this favors a two-electron transfer compared to the free enzyme. Binding of glycolate and sulfite is also affected by pH
-
?
glycine + H2O + O2
glyoxylate + NH3 + H2O2
-
77.4% of the activity with sarcosine
-
-
?
glycine + H2O + O2
glyoxylate + NH3 + H2O2
-
85% of the activity with sarcosine
-
-
?
glycine + H2O + O2
glyoxylate + NH3 + H2O2
-
100% activity
-
-
?
glycine + O2 + H2O
glyoxylate + H2O2 + NH3
-
using samples of [2-RS-3H2,2-14C]-, [2-R-3H,2-14C]-, and [2-S-3H,2-14C]glycine, HSi is removed in the overall process. Incubation of the enzyme with [2-RS-3H2,2-14C]glycine under anaerobic conditions, when only the reducing half of the reaction can occur, leads to the recovery of 98.5% of the original glycine, which has the same 3H:14C ratio as the starting substrate. Isotope effects, overview
-
-
?
glycine + O2 + H2O
glyoxylate + H2O2 + NH3
-
using samples of [2-RS-3H2,2-14C]-, [2-R-3H,2-14C]-, and [2-S-3H,2-14C]glycine, HSi is removed in the overall process. Incubation of the enzyme with [2-RS-3H2,2-14C]glycine under anaerobic conditions, when only the reducing half of the reaction can occur, leads to the recovery of 98.5% of the original glycine, which has the same 3H:14C ratio as the starting substrate. Isotope effects, overview
-
-
?
glycine ethyl ester + H2O + O2
?
-
30.7% activity compared to glycine
-
-
?
glycine ethyl ester + H2O + O2
?
5% activity compared to glycine
-
-
?
glycine ethyl ester + H2O + O2
?
5% activity compared to glycine
-
-
?
glycine-ethyl-ester + H2O + O2
? + H2O2
-
90% of the activity with sarcosine
-
-
?
glyphosate + H2O + O2
?
-
the wild type enzyme shows very low activity with glyphosate
-
-
?
glyphosate + H2O + O2
glyoxylate + aminomethylphosphonic acid + NH3 + H2O2
-
-
-
-
?
glyphosate + H2O + O2
glyoxylate + aminomethylphosphonic acid + NH3 + H2O2
-
-
-
-
?
N-ethylglycine + H2O + O2
?
-
0.3% activity compared to glycine
-
-
?
N-ethylglycine + H2O + O2
glyoxylate + ethylamine + H2O2
-
about 65% of the activity with sarcosine
-
-
?
N-ethylglycine + H2O + O2
glyoxylate + ethylamine + H2O2
-
120% of the activity with sarcosine
-
-
?
N-ethylglycine + H2O + O2
glyoxylate + ethylamine + H2O2
-
-
-
-
?
N-ethylglycine + H2O + O2
glyoxylate + NH3 + H2O2
-
85.3% of the activity with sarcosine
-
-
?
sarcosine + H2O + O2
?
-
0.1% activity compared to glycine
-
-
?
sarcosine + H2O + O2
glyoxylate + methylamine + H2O2
-
-
-
-
?
sarcosine + H2O + O2
glyoxylate + methylamine + H2O2
-
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
glycine oxidase is converted to a two-electron reduced form upon anaerobic reduction with the individual substrates and its reductive half-reaction is reversible
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
a general catabolic role of the enzyme on primary or secondary amines is excluded, because the expression of glycine oxidase is not inducible by Gly, sarcosine, or D-Ala as carbon or nitrogen source
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is strictly stereospecific as it only catalyzes the oxidation of the D-isomer
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
no activity with butilamine, benzilamine, D-histidine, D-leucine, L-proline, D-tryptophan, and D-tyrosine
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
substrate preference for amines of small size, like glycine, sarcosine, N-ethyl-glycine, and glycine-ethylester
-
-
-
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NATURAL SUBSTRATES
NATURAL PRODUCTS
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
cyclopropylglycine + H2O + O2
?
O31616
enzyme is required for the biosynthesis of the thiazole moiety of thiamine diphosphate
-
-
?
glycine ethyl ester + H2O + O2
?
-
30.7% activity compared to glycine
-
-
?
N-ethylglycine + H2O + O2
?
-
0.3% activity compared to glycine
-
-
?
D-4-hydroxyphenylglycine + H2O + O2
?
-
0.6% activity compared to glycine
-
-
?
D-4-hydroxyphenylglycine + H2O + O2
?
-
0.6% activity compared to glycine
-
-
?
D-alanine + H2O + O2
pyruvate + NH3 + H2O2
-
0.2% activity compared to glycine
-
-
?
D-alanine + H2O + O2
pyruvate + NH3 + H2O2
-
0.2% activity compared to glycine
-
-
?
D-proline + H2O + O2
?
-
0.3% activity compared to glycine
-
-
?
glycine + H2O + O2
glyoxylate + NH3 + H2O2
-
100% activity
-
-
?
sarcosine + H2O + O2
?
-
0.1% activity compared to glycine
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
a general catabolic role of the enzyme on primary or secondary amines is excluded, because the expression of glycine oxidase is not inducible by Gly, sarcosine, or D-Ala as carbon or nitrogen source
-
-
-
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COFACTOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
FAD
-
tight binding of coenzyme to the protein moiety, addition of exogenous FAD or FMN to the assay mixture does not increase enzyme activity
FAD
-
the isolated apoprotein species is present in solution as a monomer which rapidly recovers its tertiary structure and converts into the tetrameric holoenzyme following incubation with free FAD
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METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
additional information
no enhancement of enzyme activity in the presence of metal cations
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INHIBITORS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
Co2+
there is a sharp decrease in activity when 1 mM Co2+ is added to the reaction assay
diethylether
73% residual activity after 30 min incubation at 30% (v/v)
ethyl acetate
19% residual activity after 30 min incubation at 30% (v/v)
N,N-Dimethyl formamide
17% residual activity after 30 min incubation at 30% (v/v)
Zn2+
there is a sharp decrease in activity when 1 mM Zn2+ is added to the reaction assay
additional information
-
not inhibited by glycine, sarcosine, and glycine ethyl ester
-
additional information
not inhibited by glycine, sarcosine, and glycine ethyl ester
-
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KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
4 - 10
D-alanine
-
apparent value for mutant enzyme M261Y, at 25°C and pH 8.5
20.6
D-alanine
-
in 0.4 mM 4-aminoantipyrine, 7 mM phenol, 4.4 U/ml horseradish peroxidase, 0.0002 mM FAD, and 75 mM sodium diphosphate, at pH 8.5 and 37°C
34.65
D-alanine
-
wild type enzyme, at pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication
217
D-alanine
-
mutant enzyme I15V, in 0.4 mM 4-aminoantipyrine, 7 mM phenol, 4.4 U/ml horseradish peroxidase, 0.0002 mM FAD, and 75 mM sodium diphosphate (pH 8.5) at 37°C
315
D-alanine
-
wild type enzyme, in 0.4 mM 4-aminoantipyrine, 7 mM phenol, 4.4 U/ml horseradish peroxidase, 0.0002 mM FAD, and 75 mM sodium diphosphate (pH 8.5) at 37°C
2000
D-alanine
-
Km above 2000 mM, apparent value for mutant enzyme M261H, at 25°C and pH 8.5
221.8
D-pipecolate
-
in 0.4 mM 4-aminoantipyrine, 7 mM phenol, 4.4 U/ml horseradish peroxidase, 0.0002 mM FAD, and 75 mM sodium diphosphate, at pH 8.5 and 37°C
290
D-pipecolate
-
mutant enzyme I15V, in 0.4 mM 4-aminoantipyrine, 7 mM phenol, 4.4 U/ml horseradish peroxidase, 0.0002 mM FAD, and 75 mM sodium diphosphate (pH 8.5) at 37°C
2000
D-pipecolate
-
wild type enzyme, in 0.4 mM 4-aminoantipyrine, 7 mM phenol, 4.4 U/ml horseradish peroxidase, 0.0002 mM FAD, and 75 mM sodium diphosphate (pH 8.5) at 37°C
7.9
D-proline
-
mutant enzyme I15V, in 0.4 mM 4-aminoantipyrine, 7 mM phenol, 4.4 U/ml horseradish peroxidase, 0.0002 mM FAD, and 75 mM sodium diphosphate (pH 8.5) at 37°C
8.9
D-proline
-
wild type enzyme, in 0.4 mM 4-aminoantipyrine, 7 mM phenol, 4.4 U/ml horseradish peroxidase, 0.0002 mM FAD, and 75 mM sodium diphosphate (pH 8.5) at 37°C
9.3
D-proline
-
in 0.4 mM 4-aminoantipyrine, 7 mM phenol, 4.4 U/ml horseradish peroxidase, 0.0002 mM FAD, and 75 mM sodium diphosphate, at pH 8.5 and 37°C
26
D-proline
-
apparent value for mutant enzyme H244F, at 25°C and pH 8.5; apparent value for mutant enzyme H244N, at 25°C and pH 8.5
0.25
glycine
-
in 0.4 mM 4-aminoantipyrine, 7 mM phenol, 4.4 U/ml horseradish peroxidase, 0.0002 mM FAD, and 75 mM sodium diphosphate, at pH 8.5 and 37°C
0.4
glycine
-
mutant enzyme I15V, in 0.4 mM 4-aminoantipyrine, 7 mM phenol, 4.4 U/ml horseradish peroxidase, 0.0002 mM FAD, and 75 mM sodium diphosphate (pH 8.5) at 37°C
0.53
glycine
-
mutant enzyme N336R, at pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication
0.6
glycine
-
wild type enzyme, in 0.4 mM 4-aminoantipyrine, 7 mM phenol, 4.4 U/ml horseradish peroxidase, 0.0002 mM FAD, and 75 mM sodium diphosphate (pH 8.5) at 37°C
0.79
glycine
-
mutant enzyme N336K, at pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication
0.826
glycine
-
mutant enzyme F237A, at 30°C, pH not specified in the publication
0.95
glycine
-
mutant enzyme N336H, at pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication
1.04
glycine
-
wild type enzyme, at pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication
1.41
glycine
-
mutant enzyme N336A, at pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication
1.5
glycine
-
mutant enzyme H244A, at pH 8.5 and 25°C; mutant enzyme M261I, at pH 8.5 and 25°C
2.25
glycine
-
mutant enzyme N336G, at pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication
3.03
glycine
-
mutant enzyme F237Y, at 30°C, pH not specified in the publication
39
glycine
-
wild type enzyme, at 30°C, pH not specified in the publication
41.55
glycine
-
mutant enzyme G51R/G60S/T118A/K133R/I198V/V262I/I284L/L307S/E357G, at pH 8.5 and 60°C
41.64
glycine
-
mutant enzyme G51R/D60G/T118A/K133R/I284L, at pH 8.5 and 60°C
80.43
glycine
-
mutant enzyme G51R/G60S/D121G/S122P/H164Y/M267T, at pH 8.5 and 60°C
138.1
glycine
-
mutant enzyme G51R/G60S/K133R/S210P/R250G/V262I, at pH 8.5 and 60°C
0.52
glycine-ethyl-ester
-
in 0.4 mM 4-aminoantipyrine, 7 mM phenol, 4.4 U/ml horseradish peroxidase, 0.0002 mM FAD, and 75 mM sodium diphosphate, at pH 8.5 and 37°C
0.6
glycine-ethyl-ester
-
mutant enzyme I15V, in 0.4 mM 4-aminoantipyrine, 7 mM phenol, 4.4 U/ml horseradish peroxidase, 0.0002 mM FAD, and 75 mM sodium diphosphate (pH 8.5) at 37°C
1.8
glycine-ethyl-ester
-
wild type enzyme, in 0.4 mM 4-aminoantipyrine, 7 mM phenol, 4.4 U/ml horseradish peroxidase, 0.0002 mM FAD, and 75 mM sodium diphosphate (pH 8.5) at 37°C
0.53
glyphosate
-
mutant enzyme G51R/G60S/T118A/K133R/I198V/V262I/I284L/L307S/E357G, at pH 8.5 and 60°C
0.57
glyphosate
-
mutant enzyme G51R/D60G/T118A/K133R/I284L, at pH 8.5 and 60°C
1.37
glyphosate
-
mutant enzyme G51R/G60S/D121G/S122P/H164Y/M267T, at pH 8.5 and 60°C
1.69
glyphosate
-
mutant enzyme G51R/G60S/K133R/S210P/R250G/V262I, at pH 8.5 and 60°C
10.44
glyphosate
-
mutant enzyme N336R, at pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication
22.45
glyphosate
-
mutant enzyme N336K, at pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication
42.31
glyphosate
-
mutant enzyme N336H, at pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication
68.36
glyphosate
-
mutant enzyme N336A, at pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication
84.79
glyphosate
-
wild type enzyme, at pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication
96.73
glyphosate
-
mutant enzyme N336G, at pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication
0.22
N-ethylglycine
-
in 0.4 mM 4-aminoantipyrine, 7 mM phenol, 4.4 U/ml horseradish peroxidase, 0.0002 mM FAD, and 75 mM sodium diphosphate, at pH 8.5 and 37°C
0.5
N-ethylglycine
-
mutant enzyme I15V, in 0.4 mM 4-aminoantipyrine, 7 mM phenol, 4.4 U/ml horseradish peroxidase, 0.0002 mM FAD, and 75 mM sodium diphosphate (pH 8.5) at 37°C
2.8
N-ethylglycine
-
wild type enzyme, in 0.4 mM 4-aminoantipyrine, 7 mM phenol, 4.4 U/ml horseradish peroxidase, 0.0002 mM FAD, and 75 mM sodium diphosphate (pH 8.5) at 37°C
0.416
O2
-
mutant enzyme F237A, at 30°C, pH not specified in the publication
2.27
O2
-
mutant enzyme F237Y, at 30°C, pH not specified in the publication
2.6
O2
-
wild type enzyme, at 30°C, pH not specified in the publication
0.45
sarcosine
-
in 0.4 mM 4-aminoantipyrine, 7 mM phenol, 4.4 U/ml horseradish peroxidase, 0.0002 mM FAD, and 75 mM sodium diphosphate, at pH 8.5 and 37°C
0.51
sarcosine
-
mutant enzyme I15V, in 0.4 mM 4-aminoantipyrine, 7 mM phenol, 4.4 U/ml horseradish peroxidase, 0.0002 mM FAD, and 75 mM sodium diphosphate (pH 8.5) at 37°C
0.6
sarcosine
-
wild type enzyme, in 0.4 mM 4-aminoantipyrine, 7 mM phenol, 4.4 U/ml horseradish peroxidase, 0.0002 mM FAD, and 75 mM sodium diphosphate (pH 8.5) at 37°C
1.51
sarcosine
-
wild type enzyme, at pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication
11
sarcosine
-
apparent value for mutant enzyme M261H, at 25°C and pH 8.5; apparent value for mutant enzyme M261Y, at 25°C and pH 8.5
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
TURNOVER NUMBER [1/s]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.33
D-alanine
-
kcat above 0.33 1/s, apparent value for mutant enzyme M261H, at 25°C and pH 8.5
0.47
D-alanine
-
apparent value for mutant enzyme M261Y, at 25°C and pH 8.5
0.75
D-alanine
-
apparent value for mutant enzyme H244N, at 25°C and pH 8.5
0.81
D-alanine
-
wild type enzyme, at pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication
1.08
D-alanine
-
apparent value for mutant enzyme H244Q, at 25°C and pH 8.5
0.38
D-proline
-
apparent value for mutant enzyme M261Y, at 25°C and pH 8.5
0.62
D-proline
-
apparent value for mutant enzyme M261H, at 25°C and pH 8.5
1.23
D-proline
-
apparent value for mutant enzyme H244Q, at 25°C and pH 8.5
1.35
D-proline
-
apparent value for mutant enzyme H244F, at 25°C and pH 8.5
0.024
glycine
-
mutant enzyme N336R, at pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication
0.038
glycine
-
mutant enzyme G51R/D60G/T118A/K133R/I284L, at pH 8.5 and 60°C
0.09
glycine
-
mutant enzyme BG51R/G60S/S210P/M267T, at pH 8.5 and 60°C; mutant enzyme G51R/G60S/T118A/K133R/I198V/V262I/I284L/L307S/E357G, at pH 8.5 and 60°C
0.095
glycine
-
mutant enzyme G51R/G60S/D121G/S122P/H164Y/M267T, at pH 8.5 and 60°C
0.169
glycine
-
mutant enzyme G51R/G60S/K133R/S210P/R250G/V262I, at pH 8.5 and 60°C
0.25
glycine
-
mutant enzyme N336K, at pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication
0.37
glycine
-
mutant enzyme N336H, at pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication
0.52
glycine
-
mutant enzyme N336A, at pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication
0.6
glycine
-
mutant enzyme M49L/A54R/H244K, at pH 8.5 and 25°C; wild type enzyme, at pH 8.5 and 25°C
0.67
glycine
-
mutant enzyme N336G, at pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication
0.71
glycine
-
wild type enzyme, at pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication
1.2
glycine
-
mutant enzyme A54R, at pH 8.5 and 25°C; mutant enzyme H244K/M261R, at pH 8.5 and 25°C
1.21
glycine
-
mutant enzyme H244Q, at pH 8.5 and 25°C; mutant enzyme Y246W, at pH 8.5 and 25°C
39
glycine
-
wild type enzyme, at 30°C, pH not specified in the publication
0.021
glyphosate
-
mutant enzyme N336R, at pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication
0.077
glyphosate
-
mutant enzyme G51R/D60G/T118A/K133R/I284L, at pH 8.5 and 60°C
0.19
glyphosate
-
mutant enzyme N336K, at pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication
0.195
glyphosate
-
mutant enzyme G51R/G60S/T118A/K133R/I198V/V262I/I284L/L307S/E357G, at pH 8.5 and 60°C
0.2165
glyphosate
-
mutant enzyme G51R/G60S/D121G/S122P/H164Y/M267T, at pH 8.5 and 60°C
0.22
glyphosate
-
mutant enzyme G51R/G60S/K133R/S210P/R250G/V262I, at pH 8.5 and 60°C
0.23
glyphosate
-
mutant enzyme N336H, at pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication
0.62
glyphosate
-
mutant enzyme N336G, at pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication
0.67
glyphosate
-
mutant enzyme N336A, at pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication
0.87
glyphosate
-
wild type enzyme, at pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication
1.05
glyphosate
-
mutant G51S/A54R/H244A, pH 8.5, 25°C; mutant G51S/A54R, pH 8.5, 25°C
0.6
O2
-
mutant enzyme F237A, at 30°C, pH not specified in the publication
15
O2
-
mutant enzyme F237Y, at 30°C, pH not specified in the publication
93
O2
-
wild type enzyme, at 30°C, pH not specified in the publication
0.47
sarcosine
-
apparent value for mutant enzyme M261Y, at 25°C and pH 8.5
0.73
sarcosine
-
apparent value for mutant enzyme M261H, at 25°C and pH 8.5
0.98
sarcosine
-
wild type enzyme, at pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication
1.08
sarcosine
-
apparent value for mutant enzyme H244F, at 25°C and pH 8.5
1.12
sarcosine
-
apparent value for mutant enzyme H244Q, at 25°C and pH 8.5
1.33
sarcosine
-
apparent value for mutant enzyme H244N, at 25°C and pH 8.5
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
kcat/KM VALUE [1/mMs-1]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.023
D-alanine
-
wild type enzyme, at pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication
0.03
glycine
-
mutant enzyme M49L/A54R/H244K, at pH 8.5 and 25°C; mutant enzyme M49T, at pH 8.5 and 25°C
0.04
glycine
-
mutant enzyme A54E, at pH 8.5 and 25°C; mutant enzyme A54R, at pH 8.5 and 25°C; mutant enzyme A54R/H244K/M261R, at pH 8.5 and 25°C
0.045
glycine
-
mutant enzyme N336R, at pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication
0.3
glycine
-
mutant enzyme N336G, at pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication
0.32
glycine
-
mutant enzyme N336K, at pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication
0.37
glycine
-
mutant enzyme N336A, at pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication
0.39
glycine
-
mutant enzyme N336H, at pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication
0.68
glycine
-
wild type enzyme, at pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication
0.002
glyphosate
-
mutant enzyme N336R, at pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication
0.0054
glyphosate
-
mutant enzyme N336H, at pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication
0.0064
glyphosate
-
mutant enzyme N336G, at pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication
0.0084
glyphosate
-
mutant enzyme N336K, at pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication
0.0098
glyphosate
-
mutant enzyme N336A, at pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication
0.01
glyphosate
-
wild type enzyme, at pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication
1
O2
-
mutant enzyme F237A, at 30°C, pH not specified in the publication
6.6
O2
-
mutant enzyme F237Y, at 30°C, pH not specified in the publication
36
O2
-
wild type enzyme, at 30°C, pH not specified in the publication
0.65
sarcosine
-
wild type enzyme, at pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
11.85
14
cell free extract, when glycine is used as a substrate, at pH 8.0 and 37°C
960
after 68.6fold purification, when glycine is used as a substrate, at pH 8.0 and 37°C
1000
after 68.6fold purification, when D-alanine is used as a substrate, at pH 8.0 and 37°C
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pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
8.5
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pH RANGE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
7 - 9
about 75% activity at pH 7.0, more than 50% activity is retained between pH 7.5 and 8.5, about 60% activity at pH 9.0. The enzyme activity decreases sharply below pH 7.0 and above pH 9.0. There is a negligible amount of activity at pH below 5.0 and above 10.0
8 - 11
-
pH 8.0: about 55% of maximal activity, pH 11.0: about 55% of maximal activity, reaction with sarcosine
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TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
37
40
additional information
-
increase in activity with no evidence for any plateau or decrease up to 60°C, reaction with sarcosine
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
TEMPERATURE RANGE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
15 - 60
-
increase in activity with no evidence for any plateau or decrease up to 60°C, reaction with sarcosine
40 - 55
the enzyme exhibits almost 80% of its activity at temperatures 40 and 55°C. The activity sharply decreases above 55°C
60
-
activation during the first 15 min, with slow decrease thereafter
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pI VALUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
6
-
theoretical value, His-tagged chimeric enzyme; theoretical value, wild-type enzyme
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PDB
SCOP
CATH
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
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MOLECULAR WEIGHT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
40000
40762
-
x * 40763, recombinant enzyme, mass spectrometry, x * 40762, sequence calculation
40763
-
x * 40763, recombinant enzyme, mass spectrometry, x * 40762, sequence calculation
42000
43000
160000
172000
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SUBUNITS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
homotetramer
monomer
tetramer
additional information
-
the isolated apoprotein of glycine oxidase shows high protein fluorescence, high exposure of hydrophobic surfaces, and low temperature stability as compared to the holoenzyme
?
-
x * 40763, recombinant enzyme, mass spectrometry, x * 40762, sequence calculation
?
-
x * 40763, recombinant enzyme, mass spectrometry, x * 40762, sequence calculation
-
homotetramer
4 * 40000, SDS-PAGE; 4 * 40760, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry; 4 * 40761, calculated from amino acid sequence
homotetramer
-
4 * 40000, SDS-PAGE; 4 * 40760, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry; 4 * 40761, calculated from amino acid sequence
-
tetramer
-
4 * 46600, recombinant glycine oxidase, SDS-PAGE; 4 * 49400, recombinant His-tagged chimeric glycine oxidase
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Crystallization/COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
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pH STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
4 - 9
-
a great decrease in stability is only produced at pH values below pH 4.0, shows good stability between pH 6.0 and 9.0
689934
6 - 11
-
the enzyme remains stable between pH 6.0 and 11.0 after 6 h incubation
743639
6.5 - 10
-
the tetrameric oligomeric state of the holoenzyme is not affected within this range
696494
6.5 - 9.5
8 - 10
the enzyme is most stable in the pH range from 8.0 to 10.0 upon incubation at 25°C for 1 h
743136
6.5 - 9.5
-
the tetrameric state of the enzyme is not affected by pH in the pH range 6.5-9.5
656226
6.5 - 9.5
-
the incubation of both enzymes for 1 h shows highest stability between pH 6.5 and pH 9.5, the mutant enzyme is also stable at pH below pH 6.5 retaining about 70% of its initial activity, this stability at a lower pH is in contrast to the sharp decrease in pH-stability showed by wild type GOX which retains only about 37% of the initial activity
687878
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TEMPERATURE STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
34.7
-
melting temperature, mutant G51R/A54R, determined by following protein and flavin fluorescence
41.3
-
melting temperature, mutant G51R, determined by following protein and flavin fluorescence
44.8
-
melting temperature, mutant A54R, determined by following protein and flavin fluorescence
45
45.3
-
melting temperature, mutant G51S/A54R, determined by following protein and flavin fluorescence
45.7
-
melting temperature, mutant G51S/A54R/H244A, determined by following protein and flavin fluorescence
56.9
60 - 80
-
at 60°C, the I15V mutant shows a similar profile than the wild type enzyme but with lower residual activity after 20 min, at 65°C the mutant goes through activation (160%) during the first 15 min, the activity then falls with a time-dependent trend and reaches a half-life value similar to the wild type enzyme, at higher temperatures (70-80°C) the activity decreases rapidly in both cases, but with half-life value higher for I15V mutant than for wild type enzyme
95
-
heat treatment of the protein at 95°C for 5 min results in the release of the FAD cofactor
56.9
-
melting temperature, wild-type, determined by following protein and flavin fluorescence
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GENERAL STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
tetrameric enzyme is strongly resistant to proteolysis, only the N-terminus is sensitive to proteases
-
thiocyanate, up to 1 mM, decreases stability of the tetrameric enzyme in solution
-
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STORAGE STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
-80°C, 75 mM sodium diphosphate buffer pH 8.5 containing 10% glycerol, several months, no loss of activity
-
-80°C, 75 mM sodium diphosphate, pH 8.5, 10% glycerol, stable for months
-
-80°C, pH 7.5, both glycine oxidase and His-tagged glycine oxidase are stable for months
-
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Purification/COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
100 kDa ultrafiltration, HisTrap FF Ni2+-chelating affinity column chromatography, and phenyl-Sepharose FF hydrophobic column chromatography
-
ammonium sulfate precipitation, Resource Q column chromatography and Resource ISO column chromatography
His-Trap column chromatography, and Superdex 200 gel filtration
HiTrap FF chelating affinity column chromatography and phenyl-Sepharose FF hydrophobic column chromatography
-
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Cloned/COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
cloning of the glycine oxidase gene from Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 into the Rosetta Escherichia coli strain which contains the pRARE plasmid, inserting of the gene into the pET28a expression vector
-
expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) cells
expressed in Escherichia coli Rosetta (DE3) cells
expressed in Escherichia coli Rosetta (DE3) cells Rosetta under the strong inducible T7 promotor of the pET28a vector
-
expression in Escherichia coli
production of a recombinant plasmid, pT7-GO by insertion of the DNA encoding for glycine oxidase into the multiple cloning site of the expression vector pT7.7. The pT7-glycine oxidase encodes a fully active fusion protein with six additional residues at the N-terminus of glycine oxidase. In BL21(DE3)pLysS Escherichia coli cells, and under optimal isopropyl thio-beta-D-galactoside induction conditions, soluble and active chimeric glycine oxidase is expressed up to 1.14 U per mg of cell. An N-terminally His-tagged glycine oxidase is also successfully expressed in Escherichia coli as a soluble protein and a fully active holoenzyme
-
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ENGINEERING
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
BG51R/G60S/I198V/E357G
-
the mutant shows no activity with glycine and high activity with glyphosate
BG51R/G60S/S210P/M267T
-
the mutant shows no activity with glycine and activity with glyphosate
D60G
-
the mutant shows activity with glycine and very low activity with glyphosate
G51R
-
the mutant shows no activity with glycine and very low activity with glyphosate
G51R/D60G
-
the mutant shows no activity with glycine and activity with glyphosate
G51R/D60G/K133R/V262I
-
the mutant shows no activity with glycine and activity with glyphosate
G51R/D60G/T118A/K133R
-
the mutant shows no activity with glycine and activity with glyphosate
G51R/D60G/T118A/K133R/I284L
-
the mutant shows no activity with glycine and very high activity with glyphosate
G51R/G60S/D121G/S122P/H164Y/M267T
-
the mutant shows no activity with glycine and high activity with glyphosate
G51R/G60S/K133R/S210P/R250G/V262I
-
the mutant shows no activity with glycine and high activity with glyphosate
G51R/G60S/T118A/K133R/I198V/V262I/I284L/L307S/E357G
-
the mutant shows no activity with glycine and high activity with glyphosate
N336A
-
the mutant shows increased substrate affinity compared to the wild type enzyme
N336G
-
the mutant shows increased substrate affinity compared to the wild type enzyme
N336H
-
the mutant shows increased substrate affinity compared to the wild type enzyme
N336K
-
the mutant shows increased substrate affinity compared to the wild type enzyme
N336R
-
the mutant shows increased substrate affinity compared to the wild type enzyme
N336A
-
the mutant shows increased substrate affinity compared to the wild type enzyme
-
N336G
-
the mutant shows increased substrate affinity compared to the wild type enzyme
-
N336H
-
the mutant shows increased substrate affinity compared to the wild type enzyme
-
N336K
-
the mutant shows increased substrate affinity compared to the wild type enzyme
-
N336R
-
the mutant shows increased substrate affinity compared to the wild type enzyme
-
A45H/G300C
-
monomeric in solution. Upon incubation of apoprotein with FAD, neither FAD binding nor enzymatic activity is observed. Slow elimination of urea from partially unfolded mutant in presence of a large excess of FAD and 30% glyccerol does not produce the holoenzyme
A54E
-
the mutant shows reduced catalytic efficiency with glycine compared to the wild type enzyme
A54R
A54R/H244K
-
the mutant shows reduced catalytic efficiency with glycine compared to the wild type enzyme
A54R/H244K/M261R
-
the mutant shows reduced catalytic efficiency with glycine compared to the wild type enzyme
agriculture
-
expression of an evolved engineered variant of glycine oxidase leads to glyphosate resistance in alfalfa
G300C
-
upon incubation of apoprotein with FAD, neither FAD binding nor enzymatic activity is observed. Slow elimination of urea from partially unfolded mutant in presence of a large excess of FAD and 30% glycerol does not produce the holoenzyme
G51H
-
the mutant shows reduced catalytic efficiency with glycine compared to the wild type enzyme
G51Q
-
the mutant shows reduced catalytic efficiency with glycine compared to the wild type enzyme
G51R
-
4000fold increase in the specificity constant for substrate glyphosate
G51R/A54R
-
5800fold increase in the specificity constant for substrate glyphosate
G51S/A54R
-
3100fold increase in the specificity constant for substrate glyphosate
G51S/A54R/H244A
-
210fold increase in catalytic activity and 15000fold increase in the specificity constant for substrate glyphosate. The alpha2-alpha3-loop assumes a different conformation, residue R54 may be the key residue in stabilizing glyphosate binding
H244A
H244F
-
shows increased kcat value for glycine compared to the wild type enzyme, the mutation does not affect the expression of glycine oxidase and the physicochemical properties of bound FAD
H244K
-
the mutant shows increased catalytic efficiency with glycine compared to the wild type enzyme
H244K/M261R
-
the variant shows a 5.4fold increase in maximal activity on glycine compared to the wild type enzyme
H244N
H244Q
H244R
-
the mutant shows increased catalytic efficiency with glycine compared to the wild type enzyme
I15V
-
the mutant exhibits a 7fold higher specific activity compared to the wild type enzyme
M261H
M261I
-
the mutant shows reduced catalytic efficiency with glycine compared to the wild type enzyme
M261R
-
the mutant shows reduced catalytic efficiency with glycine compared to the wild type enzyme
M261Y
M49I
-
the mutant shows increased catalytic efficiency with glycine compared to the wild type enzyme
M49L
-
the mutant shows reduced catalytic efficiency with glycine compared to the wild type enzyme
M49L/A54R/H244K
-
the mutant shows reduced catalytic efficiency with glycine compared to the wild type enzyme
M49T
-
the mutant shows reduced catalytic efficiency with glycine compared to the wild type enzyme
Y241H
-
100fold increase in the specificity constant for substrate glyphosate
Y246W
-
the mutant shows reduced catalytic efficiency with glycine compared to the wild type enzyme
A54R
-
the mutant shows reduced catalytic efficiency with glycine compared to the wild type enzyme
-
agriculture
-
expression of an evolved engineered variant of glycine oxidase leads to glyphosate resistance in alfalfa
-
H244A
-
the mutant shows reduced catalytic efficiency with glycine compared to the wild type enzyme
-
H244N
-
the mutant shows reduced catalytic efficiency with glycine compared to the wild type enzyme
-
H244Q
-
the mutant shows increased catalytic efficiency with glycine compared to the wild type enzyme
-
M49L
-
the mutant shows reduced catalytic efficiency with glycine compared to the wild type enzyme
-
F237A
-
the mutant shows stronlgy reduced catalytic efficiency compared to the wild type enzyme
F237Y
-
the mutant shows reduced catalytic efficiency compared to the wild type enzyme
A54R
-
the mutant shows reduced catalytic efficiency with glycine compared to the wild type enzyme
H244A
-
the mutant shows reduced catalytic efficiency with glycine compared to the wild type enzyme
H244N
-
shows increased kcat value for glycine compared to the wild type enzyme, the mutation does not affect the expression of glycine oxidase and the physicochemical properties of bound FAD
H244N
-
the mutant shows reduced catalytic efficiency with glycine compared to the wild type enzyme
H244Q
-
shows increased kcat value compared to the wild type enzyme, the mutation does not affect the expression of glycine oxidase and the physicochemical properties of bound FAD
H244Q
-
the mutant shows increased catalytic efficiency with glycine compared to the wild type enzyme
M261H
-
shows decreased kcat value for glycine compared to the wild type enzyme, the mutation does not affect the expression of glycine oxidase and the physicochemical properties of bound FAD
M261Y
-
shows decreased kcat value for glycine compared to the wild type enzyme, the mutation does not affect the expression of glycine oxidase and the physicochemical properties of bound FAD
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Renatured/COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
the isolated apoprotein species is present in solution as a monomer which rapidly recovers its tertiary structure and converts into the tetrameric holoenzyme following incubation with free FAD. The reconstitution process follows a particular two-stage process, the spectral properties of the reconstituted holoenzyme are virtually indistinguishable from those observed with native glycine oxidase, while the activity is only recovered to about 50%. The urea-induced unfolding process of glycine oxidase can be considered as a two-step process. Only a single transition at 4.5 M urea concentration is observed for the apoprotein form. The chemical denaturation of glycine oxidase holoenzyme is partially reversible
-
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LINKS TO OTHER DATABASES (specific for EC-Number 1.4.3.19)
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