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Enzyme Nomenclature
Information on EC 1.3.99.30 - phytoene desaturase (3,4-didehydrolycopene-forming)
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The enzyme appears in viruses and cellular organisms
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EC NUMBER 
COMMENTARY 
1.3.99.30
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RECOMMENDED NAME
GeneOntology No.
phytoene desaturase (3,4-didehydrolycopene-forming)
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
15-cis-phytoene + acceptor = all-trans-phytofluene + reduced acceptor
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-
-
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all-trans-lycopene + acceptor = all-trans-3,4-didehydrolycopene + reduced acceptor
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-
-
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all-trans-neurosporene + acceptor = all-trans-lycopene + reduced acceptor
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-
-
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all-trans-phytofluene + acceptor = all-trans-zeta-carotene + reduced acceptor
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-
-
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all-trans-zeta-carotene + acceptor = all-trans-neurosporene + reduced acceptor
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-
-
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15-cis-phytoene + 5 acceptor = all-trans-3,4-didehydrolycopene + 5 reduced acceptor
overall reaction
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15-cis-phytoene + 5 acceptor = all-trans-3,4-didehydrolycopene + 5 reduced acceptor
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-
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PATHWAY
BRENDA Link
KEGG Link
MetaCyc Link
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
15-cis-phytoene:acceptor oxidoreductase (3,4-didehydrolycopene-forming)
This enzyme is involved in carotenoid biosynthesis and catalyses up to five desaturation steps (cf. EC 1.3.99.28 [phytoene desaturase (neurosporene-forming)], EC 1.3.99.29 [phytoene desaturase (zeta-carotene-forming)] and EC 1.3.99.31 [phytoene desaturase (lycopene-forming)]).
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ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
bifunctional enzyme, catalyzes both reactions of EC 1.3.99.30 and EC 1.3.99.31
UniProt
bifunctional enzyme, catalyzes both reactions of EC 1.3.99.30 and EC 1.3.99.31
UniProt
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GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
physiological function
physiological function
the expression product of crtI is essential for phytoene conversion to lycopene and 3,4-didehydrolycopene
physiological function
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the expression product of crtI is essential for phytoene conversion to lycopene and 3,4-didehydrolycopene
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
1-hydroxylycopene + acceptor
1-hydroxy-3',4'-didehydrolycopene + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
-
?
1-hydroxyneurosporene + acceptor
1-hydroxylycopene + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
-
?
all-trans-lycopene + acceptor
all-trans-3,4-didehydrolycopene + reduced acceptor
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-
-
-
?
15-cis-phytoene + 5 acceptor
all-trans-3,4-didehydrolycopene + 5 reduced acceptor
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-
-
-
?
15-cis-phytoene + 5 acceptor
all-trans-3,4-didehydrolycopene + 5 reduced acceptor
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the enzyme is involved in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway to beta-carotene and torulene
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-
?
15-cis-phytoene + 5 acceptor
all-trans-3,4-didehydrolycopene + 5 reduced acceptor
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-
-
-
?
15-cis-phytoene + 5 acceptor
all-trans-3,4-didehydrolycopene + 5 reduced acceptor
-
a decisive reaction for the formation of monocyclic or bicyclic products is the desaturation sequence to lycopene and further on to 3,4-didehydrolycopene. In the nontransformed strain, cyclization of lycopene, which directs the metabolic flux towards astaxanthin, is the dominating reaction. When the gene encoding phytoene desaturase is overexpressed, the five-step desaturation to 3,4-didehydrolycopene is intensified, resulting in an accumulation of torulene and 3-hydroxy-3'-4'-didehydro-beta-psi-caroten-4-one as subsequent products
-
-
?
15-cis-phytoene + 5 acceptor
all-trans-3,4-didehydrolycopene + 5 reduced acceptor
-
-
-
-
?
15-cis-phytoene + 5 acceptor
all-trans-3,4-didehydrolycopene + 5 reduced acceptor
-
a decisive reaction for the formation of monocyclic or bicyclic products is the desaturation sequence to lycopene and further on to 3,4-didehydrolycopene. In the nontransformed strain, cyclization of lycopene, which directs the metabolic flux towards astaxanthin, is the dominating reaction. When the gene encoding phytoene desaturase is overexpressed, the five-step desaturation to 3,4-didehydrolycopene is intensified, resulting in an accumulation of torulene and 3-hydroxy-3'-4'-didehydro-beta-psi-caroten-4-one as subsequent products
-
-
?
all-trans-lycopene + 1 acceptor
all-trans-3,4-didehydrolycopene + 1 reduced acceptor
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-
-
-
?
all-trans-lycopene + 1 acceptor
all-trans-3,4-didehydrolycopene + 1 reduced acceptor
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-
-
-
?
all-trans-neurosporene + 2 acceptor
all-trans-3,4-didehydrolycopene + 2 reduced acceptor
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-
-
-
?
all-trans-neurosporene + 2 acceptor
all-trans-3,4-didehydrolycopene + 2 reduced acceptor
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-
-
-
?
all-trans-neurosporene + 2 acceptor
all-trans-3,4-didehydrolycopene + 2 reduced acceptor
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-
-
-
?
all-trans-phytofluene + 4 acceptor
all-trans-3,4-didehydrolycopene + 4 reduced acceptor
-
-
-
-
?
all-trans-phytofluene + 4 acceptor
all-trans-3,4-didehydrolycopene + 4 reduced acceptor
-
-
-
-
?
all-trans-phytofluene + 4 acceptor
all-trans-3,4-didehydrolycopene + 4 reduced acceptor
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-
-
-
?
all-trans-zeta-carotene + 3 acceptor
all-trans-3,4-didehydrolycopene + 3 reduced acceptor
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-
-
-
?
all-trans-zeta-carotene + 3 acceptor
all-trans-3,4-didehydrolycopene + 3 reduced acceptor
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-
-
-
?
additional information
?
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gamma-carotene and 1,1'-dihydroxylycopene are not accepted as substrate
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additional information
?
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catalyzes both enzymatic conversion of phytoene to lycopene (fourth step product) and 3,4-didehydrolycopene (fifth step product), reactions of EC 1.3.99.30 and EC 1.3.99.31, respectively
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-
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additional information
?
-
catalyzes both enzymatic conversion of phytoene to lycopene (fourth step product) and 3,4-didehydrolycopene (fifth step product), reactions of EC 1.3.99.30 and EC 1.3.99.31, respectively
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-
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NATURAL SUBSTRATES
NATURAL PRODUCTS
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
15-cis-phytoene + 5 acceptor
all-trans-3,4-didehydrolycopene + 5 reduced acceptor
-
the enzyme is involved in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway to beta-carotene and torulene
-
-
?
15-cis-phytoene + 5 acceptor
all-trans-3,4-didehydrolycopene + 5 reduced acceptor
-
a decisive reaction for the formation of monocyclic or bicyclic products is the desaturation sequence to lycopene and further on to 3,4-didehydrolycopene. In the nontransformed strain, cyclization of lycopene, which directs the metabolic flux towards astaxanthin, is the dominating reaction. When the gene encoding phytoene desaturase is overexpressed, the five-step desaturation to 3,4-didehydrolycopene is intensified, resulting in an accumulation of torulene and 3-hydroxy-3'-4'-didehydro-beta-psi-caroten-4-one as subsequent products
-
-
?
15-cis-phytoene + 5 acceptor
all-trans-3,4-didehydrolycopene + 5 reduced acceptor
-
a decisive reaction for the formation of monocyclic or bicyclic products is the desaturation sequence to lycopene and further on to 3,4-didehydrolycopene. In the nontransformed strain, cyclization of lycopene, which directs the metabolic flux towards astaxanthin, is the dominating reaction. When the gene encoding phytoene desaturase is overexpressed, the five-step desaturation to 3,4-didehydrolycopene is intensified, resulting in an accumulation of torulene and 3-hydroxy-3'-4'-didehydro-beta-psi-caroten-4-one as subsequent products
-
-
?
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COFACTOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
additional information
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addition of FAD results in product formation close to that of the control without additions
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ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
NAD+
-
more than 2fold stimulation of activity compared to control, assay with supernatant of Escherichia coli recombinantly expressing phytoene desaturase from Neurospora crassa
NADP+
-
stimulation is lower than with NAD+, assay with supernatant of Escherichia coli recombinantly expressing phytoene desaturase from Neurospora crassa
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pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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pI VALUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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MOLECULAR WEIGHT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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SUBUNITS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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Cloned/COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
expression in Escherichia coli
expression in Escherichia coli. Generation of a 3,4-didehydrolycopene accumulating Escherichia coli strain
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overexpression in Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous. To achieve this, the plasmids pPR40F and pPR40R are introduced in Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous CBS 6938. In the nontransformed strain, cyclization of lycopene, which directs the metabolic flux towards astaxanthin, is the dominating reaction. When the gene encoding phytoene desaturase is overexpressed, the five-step desaturation to 3,4-didehydrolycopene is intensified, resulting in an accumulation of torulene and 3-hydroxy-3'-4'-didehydro-beta-psi-caroten-4-one as subsequent products
-
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LINKS TO OTHER DATABASES (specific for EC-Number 1.3.99.30)
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