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7,9,9'-tricis-neurosporene + a quinone
7,9,7',9'-tetracis-lycopene + a quinol
9,9'-dicis-zeta-carotene + 2 quinone
7,9,7',9'-tetracis-lycopene + 2 quinol
9,9'-dicis-zeta-carotene + a quinone
7,9,9'-tricis-neurosporene + a quinol
neurosporene + a quinone
lycopene + a quinol
-
-
-
-
?
neurosporene + decyl-plastoquinone
lycopene + decyl-plastoquinol
-
-
-
-
?
neurosporene + decyl-ubiquinone
lycopene + decyl-ubiquinone
-
-
-
-
?
phytoene + quinone
7,9,9'-tricis-neurosporene + quinol
zeta-carotene + 2 AH2 + 2 O2
lycopene + 2 A + 4 H2O
zeta-carotene + 2 decyl-plastoquinone
lycopene + 2 decyl-plastoquinol
-
zeta-carotene desaturase has no preference for certain isomers. The nature of the isomers formed during catalysis depends strictly on the isomeric composition of the substrate. Different lycopene isomers are formed, including substantial amounts of the all-trans form, together with 7,7',9,9'-tetracis prolycopene via the corresponding neurosporene isomers
-
-
?
zeta-carotene + 2 decyl-ubiquinone
lycopene + 2 decyl-ubiquinone
-
zeta-carotene desaturase has no preference for certain isomers. The nature of the isomers formed during catalysis depends strictly on the isomeric composition of the substrate. Different lycopene isomers are formed, including substantial amounts of the all-trans form, together with 7,7',9,9'-tetracis prolycopene via the corresponding neurosporene isomers
-
-
?
zeta-carotene + 2 quinone
lycopene + 2 quinol
-
zeta-carotene desaturase has no preference for certain isomers. The nature of the isomers formed during catalysis depends strictly on the isomeric composition of the substrate. Different lycopene isomers are formed, including substantial amounts of the all-trans form, together with 7,7',9,9'-tetracis prolycopene via the corresponding neurosporene isomers
-
-
?
zeta-carotene + a quinone
neurosporene + a quinol
-
-
-
-
?
zeta-carotene + AH2 + O2
neurosporene + A + H2O
-
-
-
?
zeta-carotene + decyl-plastoquinone
neurosporene + decyl-plastoquinol
-
-
-
-
?
zeta-carotene + decyl-ubiquinone
neurosporene + decyl-ubiquinone
-
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
7,9,9'-tricis-neurosporene + a quinone

7,9,7',9'-tetracis-lycopene + a quinol
-
mutant activity
-
-
?
7,9,9'-tricis-neurosporene + a quinone
7,9,7',9'-tetracis-lycopene + a quinol
-
-
-
-
?
7,9,9'-tricis-neurosporene + a quinone
7,9,7',9'-tetracis-lycopene + a quinol
-
-
-
-
?
7,9,9'-tricis-neurosporene + a quinone
7,9,7',9'-tetracis-lycopene + a quinol
-
-
-
-
?
7,9,9'-tricis-neurosporene + a quinone
7,9,7',9'-tetracis-lycopene + a quinol
-
catalyzed by zeta-carotene desaturase CrtQa, very poorly by CrtQb
-
-
?
7,9,9'-tricis-neurosporene + a quinone
7,9,7',9'-tetracis-lycopene + a quinol
-
catalyzed by zeta-carotene desaturase CrtQa, very poorly by CrtQb
-
-
?
7,9,9'-tricis-neurosporene + a quinone
7,9,7',9'-tetracis-lycopene + a quinol
-
-
-
-
?
7,9,9'-tricis-neurosporene + a quinone
7,9,7',9'-tetracis-lycopene + a quinol
-
-
-
-
?
9,9'-dicis-zeta-carotene + 2 quinone

7,9,7',9'-tetracis-lycopene + 2 quinol
-
the expression of zeta-carotene desaturase paralleles plastid terminal oxidase (PTOX, quinol:oxygen oxidoreductase) and zeta-carotene desaturase. The three genes are expressed when carotinoid biosynthesis is enhanced during fruit ripening
-
-
?
9,9'-dicis-zeta-carotene + 2 quinone
7,9,7',9'-tetracis-lycopene + 2 quinol
-
-
-
-
?
9,9'-dicis-zeta-carotene + 2 quinone
7,9,7',9'-tetracis-lycopene + 2 quinol
-
the expression of zeta-carotene desaturase paralleles plastid terminal oxidase (PTOX, quinol:oxygen oxidoreductase) and zeta-carotene desaturase. The three genes are expressed when carotinoid biosynthesis is enhanced during fruit ripening. Tomato ghost mutant with impaired plastid terminal oxidase accumulate phytoene in leaves and fruits
-
-
?
9,9'-dicis-zeta-carotene + a quinone

7,9,9'-tricis-neurosporene + a quinol
-
-
-
-
?
9,9'-dicis-zeta-carotene + a quinone
7,9,9'-tricis-neurosporene + a quinol
-
-
-
-
?
9,9'-dicis-zeta-carotene + a quinone
7,9,9'-tricis-neurosporene + a quinol
-
-
-
-
?
9,9'-dicis-zeta-carotene + a quinone
7,9,9'-tricis-neurosporene + a quinol
-
catalyzed by zeta-carotene desaturases CrtQa and CrtQb
-
-
?
9,9'-dicis-zeta-carotene + a quinone
7,9,9'-tricis-neurosporene + a quinol
-
catalyzed by zeta-carotene desaturases CrtQa and CrtQb
-
-
?
phytoene + quinone

7,9,9'-tricis-neurosporene + quinol
-
via phytofluene and zeta-carotene
-
-
?
phytoene + quinone
7,9,9'-tricis-neurosporene + quinol
-
-
-
-
?
phytoene + quinone
7,9,9'-tricis-neurosporene + quinol
-
-
-
-
?
zeta-carotene + 2 AH2 + 2 O2

lycopene + 2 A + 4 H2O
-
-
-
-
?
zeta-carotene + 2 AH2 + 2 O2
lycopene + 2 A + 4 H2O
Carica papaya Dwarf solo
-
-
-
-
?
zeta-carotene + 2 AH2 + 2 O2
lycopene + 2 A + 4 H2O
-
-
-
?
zeta-carotene + 2 AH2 + 2 O2
lycopene + 2 A + 4 H2O
-
-
-
?
additional information

?
-
-
the deduced protein possesses a dinucleotide-binding site at the N-terminus and a carotenoid-binding domain at the C-terminus
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the deduced protein sequence possesses a dinucleotide-binding site at the N-terminus and a carotenoid-binding domain at the C-terminus
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
Carica papaya Dwarf solo
-
the deduced protein possesses a dinucleotide-binding site at the N-terminus and a carotenoid-binding domain at the C-terminus
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
Carica papaya Dwarf solo
-
the deduced protein sequence possesses a dinucleotide-binding site at the N-terminus and a carotenoid-binding domain at the C-terminus
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
strain PCC 7120 contains two completely unrelated zeta-carotene desaturases CrtQa and CrtQb, which differ in their preferred utilization of zeta-carotene Z isomers. CrtQa conÂverts zeta-carotene isomers that are poorly metabolized by CrtQb and CrtQa still possesses the Z to E isomerase function of the ancestral desaturase CrtI. CrtQb is an enzyme with one molecule of tightly bound FAD and acts as a dehydrogenase transferring hydrogen to oxidized plastoquinone. CrtQb yields only trace amounts of 7,9-Z neurosporene and 7,9,7',9'-Z lycopene
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
zeta-carotene desaturase CrtQb converts (9Z)-zeta-carotene efficiently into (7Z,9Z)-neurosporene but stops at this stage without substantial lycopene formation. (all-E)-zeta-carotene cannot be converted by CrtQb. Similarly to (9Z)-zeta-carotene, the (all-E)-isomer is efficiently converted by CrtQa, substrate specificities, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
strain PCC 7120 contains two completely unrelated zeta-carotene desaturases CrtQa and CrtQb, which differ in their preferred utilization of zeta-carotene Z isomers. CrtQa conÂverts zeta-carotene isomers that are poorly metabolized by CrtQb and CrtQa still possesses the Z to E isomerase function of the ancestral desaturase CrtI. CrtQb is an enzyme with one molecule of tightly bound FAD and acts as a dehydrogenase transferring hydrogen to oxidized plastoquinone. CrtQb yields only trace amounts of 7,9-Z neurosporene and 7,9,7',9'-Z lycopene
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
zeta-carotene desaturase CrtQb converts (9Z)-zeta-carotene efficiently into (7Z,9Z)-neurosporene but stops at this stage without substantial lycopene formation. (all-E)-zeta-carotene cannot be converted by CrtQb. Similarly to (9Z)-zeta-carotene, the (all-E)-isomer is efficiently converted by CrtQa, substrate specificities, overview
-
-
?
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
7,9,9'-tricis-neurosporene + a quinone
7,9,7',9'-tetracis-lycopene + a quinol
9,9'-dicis-zeta-carotene + 2 quinone
7,9,7',9'-tetracis-lycopene + 2 quinol
9,9'-dicis-zeta-carotene + a quinone
7,9,9'-tricis-neurosporene + a quinol
neurosporene + a quinone
lycopene + a quinol
-
-
-
-
?
phytoene + quinone
7,9,9'-tricis-neurosporene + quinol
zeta-carotene + 2 AH2 + 2 O2
lycopene + 2 A + 4 H2O
zeta-carotene + 2 quinone
lycopene + 2 quinol
-
zeta-carotene desaturase has no preference for certain isomers. The nature of the isomers formed during catalysis depends strictly on the isomeric composition of the substrate. Different lycopene isomers are formed, including substantial amounts of the all-trans form, together with 7,7',9,9'-tetracis prolycopene via the corresponding neurosporene isomers
-
-
?
zeta-carotene + a quinone
neurosporene + a quinol
-
-
-
-
?
zeta-carotene + AH2 + O2
neurosporene + A + H2O
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
7,9,9'-tricis-neurosporene + a quinone

7,9,7',9'-tetracis-lycopene + a quinol
-
-
-
-
?
7,9,9'-tricis-neurosporene + a quinone
7,9,7',9'-tetracis-lycopene + a quinol
-
-
-
-
?
7,9,9'-tricis-neurosporene + a quinone
7,9,7',9'-tetracis-lycopene + a quinol
-
-
-
-
?
7,9,9'-tricis-neurosporene + a quinone
7,9,7',9'-tetracis-lycopene + a quinol
-
catalyzed by zeta-carotene desaturase CrtQa, very poorly by CrtQb
-
-
?
7,9,9'-tricis-neurosporene + a quinone
7,9,7',9'-tetracis-lycopene + a quinol
-
catalyzed by zeta-carotene desaturase CrtQa, very poorly by CrtQb
-
-
?
7,9,9'-tricis-neurosporene + a quinone
7,9,7',9'-tetracis-lycopene + a quinol
-
-
-
-
?
7,9,9'-tricis-neurosporene + a quinone
7,9,7',9'-tetracis-lycopene + a quinol
-
-
-
-
?
9,9'-dicis-zeta-carotene + 2 quinone

7,9,7',9'-tetracis-lycopene + 2 quinol
-
the expression of zeta-carotene desaturase paralleles plastid terminal oxidase (PTOX, quinol:oxygen oxidoreductase) and zeta-carotene desaturase. The three genes are expressed when carotinoid biosynthesis is enhanced during fruit ripening
-
-
?
9,9'-dicis-zeta-carotene + 2 quinone
7,9,7',9'-tetracis-lycopene + 2 quinol
-
-
-
-
?
9,9'-dicis-zeta-carotene + 2 quinone
7,9,7',9'-tetracis-lycopene + 2 quinol
-
the expression of zeta-carotene desaturase paralleles plastid terminal oxidase (PTOX, quinol:oxygen oxidoreductase) and zeta-carotene desaturase. The three genes are expressed when carotinoid biosynthesis is enhanced during fruit ripening. Tomato ghost mutant with impaired plastid terminal oxidase accumulate phytoene in leaves and fruits
-
-
?
9,9'-dicis-zeta-carotene + a quinone

7,9,9'-tricis-neurosporene + a quinol
-
-
-
-
?
9,9'-dicis-zeta-carotene + a quinone
7,9,9'-tricis-neurosporene + a quinol
-
-
-
-
?
9,9'-dicis-zeta-carotene + a quinone
7,9,9'-tricis-neurosporene + a quinol
-
-
-
-
?
9,9'-dicis-zeta-carotene + a quinone
7,9,9'-tricis-neurosporene + a quinol
-
catalyzed by zeta-carotene desaturases CrtQa and CrtQb
-
-
?
9,9'-dicis-zeta-carotene + a quinone
7,9,9'-tricis-neurosporene + a quinol
-
catalyzed by zeta-carotene desaturases CrtQa and CrtQb
-
-
?
phytoene + quinone

7,9,9'-tricis-neurosporene + quinol
-
via phytofluene and zeta-carotene
-
-
?
phytoene + quinone
7,9,9'-tricis-neurosporene + quinol
-
-
-
-
?
phytoene + quinone
7,9,9'-tricis-neurosporene + quinol
-
-
-
-
?
zeta-carotene + 2 AH2 + 2 O2

lycopene + 2 A + 4 H2O
-
-
-
-
?
zeta-carotene + 2 AH2 + 2 O2
lycopene + 2 A + 4 H2O
Carica papaya Dwarf solo
-
-
-
-
?
zeta-carotene + 2 AH2 + 2 O2
lycopene + 2 A + 4 H2O
-
-
-
?
zeta-carotene + 2 AH2 + 2 O2
lycopene + 2 A + 4 H2O
-
-
-
?
additional information

?
-
-
strain PCC 7120 contains two completely unrelated zeta-carotene desaturases CrtQa and CrtQb, which differ in their preferred utilization of zeta-carotene Z isomers. CrtQa conÂverts zeta-carotene isomers that are poorly metabolized by CrtQb and CrtQa still possesses the Z to E isomerase function of the ancestral desaturase CrtI. CrtQb is an enzyme with one molecule of tightly bound FAD and acts as a dehydrogenase transferring hydrogen to oxidized plastoquinone. CrtQb yields only trace amounts of 7,9-Z neurosporene and 7,9,7',9'-Z lycopene
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
strain PCC 7120 contains two completely unrelated zeta-carotene desaturases CrtQa and CrtQb, which differ in their preferred utilization of zeta-carotene Z isomers. CrtQa conÂverts zeta-carotene isomers that are poorly metabolized by CrtQb and CrtQa still possesses the Z to E isomerase function of the ancestral desaturase CrtI. CrtQb is an enzyme with one molecule of tightly bound FAD and acts as a dehydrogenase transferring hydrogen to oxidized plastoquinone. CrtQb yields only trace amounts of 7,9-Z neurosporene and 7,9,7',9'-Z lycopene
-
-
?
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evolution
-
approximately 10% of known phytoene desaturases, as in Rhodobacter, produce neurosporene, whereas the rest produce lycopene. These two types of enzymes, although similar in function, have relatively low similarity, below 60%, in terms of nucleotide or amino acid sequence. Phytoene desaturase encoded by gene crtI is a neurosporene-producing enzyme
physiological function

-
phytoene desaturase encoded by crtI catalyzes the desaturation of phytoene in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway, approximately 10% of known phytoene desaturases, as in Rhodobacter, produce neurosporene, whereas the rest produce lycopene, mechanism controlling the product specificity, phytoene desaturase encoded by gene crtI is a neurosporene-producing enzyme, overview
physiological function
-
Zds is a key gene important in the regulation of carotenoid accumulation, including the early steps of the pathway, regulated during fruit maturation. Altered flow of carotenoid precursors during fruit maturation due to abscission agents is suggested by changes in phytoene desaturase and zeta-carotene desaturase gene expression. As fruit mature, increased phytoene desaturase (Pds) and zeta-carotene desaturase (Zds) gene expression result in increased downstream carotenoid content
physiological function
three functional units, comprising genes PSY1, PDS/ZISO, and ZDS/CrtISO, are responsible for the synthesis of 15-cis-phytoene, 9,9'-di-cis-zeta-carotene, and all-trans-lycopene, respectively. All-trans-z-carotene is detectable in nonsilenced fruits and greatly increases in ZDS-silenced ones
physiological function
-
Zds is a key gene important in the regulation of carotenoid accumulation, including the early steps of the pathway, regulated during fruit maturation. Altered flow of carotenoid precursors during fruit maturation due to abscission agents is suggested by changes in phytoene desaturase and zeta-carotene desaturase gene expression. As fruit mature, increased phytoene desaturase (Pds) and zeta-carotene desaturase (Zds) gene expression result in increased downstream carotenoid content
-
metabolism

-
the expression of zeta-carotene desaturase paralleles plastid terminal oxidase (PTOX, quinol:oxygen oxidoreductase) and zeta-carotene desaturase. The three genes are expressed when carotinoid biosynthesis is enhanced during fruit ripening
metabolism
-
the expression of zeta-carotene desaturase paralleles plastid terminal oxidase (PTOX, quinol:oxygen oxidoreductase) and zeta-carotene desaturase. The three genes are expressed when carotinoid biosynthesis is enhanced during fruit ripening. Tomato ghost mutant with impaired plastid terminal oxidase accumulate phytoene in leaves and fruits
metabolism
carotene desaturation, an essential step in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway, is catalyzed by two carotene desaturases, phytoene desaturase, PDS, and zeta-carotene desaturase, ZDS
metabolism
-
the zeta-carotene desaturase is involved in the carotenogenic pathway, overview
metabolism
the zeta-carotene desaturase is involved in the carotenogenic pathway, that is made up of three main parts: geranylgeranyl diphosphate biosynthesis, lycopene generation, and the formation of carotenoids with cyclohexene and their derivatives, overview
metabolism
-
phytoene desaturase CrtI from Rubrivivax gelatinosus catalyzes simultaneously a three- and four-step desaturation producing both neurosporene and lycopene. These carotenes are intermediates for the synthesis of spheroidene and spirilloxanthin, respectively
metabolism
-
the enzyme is important in carotenoid biosynthesis pathway in citrus fruits, overview
metabolism
-
ZDS is a key enzyme in carotenogenesis serving downstream of zeta-carotene in the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway, overview
metabolism
Carica papaya Dwarf solo
-
the zeta-carotene desaturase is involved in the carotenogenic pathway, overview
-
metabolism
-
phytoene desaturase CrtI from Rubrivivax gelatinosus catalyzes simultaneously a three- and four-step desaturation producing both neurosporene and lycopene. These carotenes are intermediates for the synthesis of spheroidene and spirilloxanthin, respectively
-
metabolism
-
the enzyme is important in carotenoid biosynthesis pathway in citrus fruits, overview
-
metabolism
-
the zeta-carotene desaturase is involved in the carotenogenic pathway, that is made up of three main parts: geranylgeranyl diphosphate biosynthesis, lycopene generation, and the formation of carotenoids with cyclohexene and their derivatives, overview
-
metabolism
-
ZDS is a key enzyme in carotenogenesis serving downstream of zeta-carotene in the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway, overview
-
additional information

-
the differential accumulation of carotenoids in red- and yellow-fleshed papaya varieties, being higher in the red-fleshed variant, might be partly explained by the transcriptional level of CpPDS, encoding phytoene desaturase, and CpZDS
additional information
-
Leu208, located in a highly hydrophobic membrane-integrated region, is important in substrate binding
additional information
Carica papaya Dwarf solo
-
the differential accumulation of carotenoids in red- and yellow-fleshed papaya varieties, being higher in the red-fleshed variant, might be partly explained by the transcriptional level of CpPDS, encoding phytoene desaturase, and CpZDS
-
additional information
-
Leu208, located in a highly hydrophobic membrane-integrated region, is important in substrate binding
-
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V68D
-
random mutagenesis, a beneficial mutation that helps the conversion of product from neurosporene to lycopene
F166I
-
random mutagenesis, a beneficial mutation that helps the conversion of product from neurosporene to lycopene
H12Q
-
random mutagenesis, the mutation has little effect on the enzyme activity
M402T
-
random mutagenesis, the mutation reduces the lycopene production rate
E508G
-
random mutagenesis, the mutation has little effect on the enzyme activity
F220S
-
random mutagenesis, the mutation has little effect on the enzyme activity
L148H
-
random mutagenesis, the beneficial mutation is highly increasing the production of lycopene to over 80%
L208F
-
naturally occuring mutation, which influences the secondary structure of the enzyme
L153P
-
naturally occuring mutation, which influences the secondary structure of the enzyme
P134L
-
naturally occuring mutation, which influences the secondary structure of the enzyme
L208P
-
naturally occuring mutation, which influences the secondary structure of the enzyme
Y44C
-
naturally occuring mutation
D53G
-
naturally occuring mutation
V395A
-
naturally occuring mutation
T256M
-
naturally occuring mutation
D355G
-
naturally occuring mutation
L424P
-
naturally occuring mutation, which influences the secondary structure of the enzyme
L278P
-
naturally occuring mutation, which influences the secondary structure of the enzyme
L208F
-
naturally occuring mutation, which influences the secondary structure of the enzyme
-
L153P
-
naturally occuring mutation, which influences the secondary structure of the enzyme
-
P134L
-
naturally occuring mutation, which influences the secondary structure of the enzyme
-
L208P
-
naturally occuring mutation, which influences the secondary structure of the enzyme
-
additional information

-
alteration of product specificity of Rhodobacter sphaeroides phytoene desaturase by directed evolution combining random mutagenesis and site-directed mutagenesis, DNA sequence determinations. Beneficial mutations increase the percent of lycopene production to 90%
additional information
-
introduction of stop mutations, M1, M2 and M3
additional information
ZDS is not a major target gene to increase carotenoid contents in kiwifruit, overview
additional information
-
in mutant EP21, zeta-carotene and phytofluene, which are both early intermediates of the desaturation pathway and which are absent in the wild-type, are the main carotene products
additional information
-
in mutant EP21, zeta-carotene and phytofluene, which are both early intermediates of the desaturation pathway and which are absent in the wild-type, are the main carotene products
-
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Breitenbach, J.; Sandmann, G.
zeta-Carotene cis isomers as products and substrates in the plant poly-cis carotenoid biosynthetic pathway to lycopene
Planta
220
785-793
2005
Gentiana lutea
brenda
Breitenbach, J.; Kuntz, M.; Takaichi, S.; Sandmann, G.
Catalytic properties of an expressed and purified higher plant type zeta-carotene desaturase from Capsicum annuum
Eur. J. Biochem.
265
376-383
1999
Capsicum annuum
brenda
Josse, E.M.; Simkin, A.J.; Gaffé, J.; Labouré, A.M.; Kuntz, M.; Carol, P.
A plastid terminal oxidase associated with carotenoid desaturation during chromoplast differentiation
Plant Physiol.
123
1427-1436
2000
Capsicum annuum, Solanum lycopersicum
brenda
Stickforth, P.; Sandmann, G.
Structural and kinetics properties of a mutated phytoene desaturase from Rubrivivax gelatinosus with modified product specificity
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Rubrivivax gelatinosus
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Wang, C.W.; Liao, J.C.
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Cereibacter sphaeroides
brenda
Cong, L.; Wang, C.; Li, Z.; Chen, L.; Yang, G.; Wang, Y.; He, G.
cDNA cloning and expression analysis of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) phytoene and zeta-carotene desaturase genes
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Triticum aestivum (B6DU63), Triticum aestivum
brenda
Ye, Z.; Jiang, J.
Analysis of an essential carotenogenic enzyme: zeta-carotene desaturase from unicellular alga Dunaliella salina
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Dunaliella salina (E0AE54), Dunaliella salina UTEX LB 200 (E0AE54)
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brenda
Yan, P.; Gao, X.Z.; Shen, W.T.; Zhou, P.
Cloning and expression analysis of phytoene desaturase and zeta-carotene desaturase genes in Carica papaya
Mol. Biol. Rep.
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Carica papaya, Carica papaya Dwarf solo
brenda
Kim, M.; Kim, S.C.; Song, K.J.; Kim, H.B.; Kim, I.J.; Song, E.Y.; Chun, S.J.
Transformation of carotenoid biosynthetic genes using a micro-cross section method in kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa cv. Hayward)
Plant Cell Rep.
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Citrus unshiu (Q2PPX8)
brenda
Breitenbach, J.; Bruns, M.; Sandmann, G.
Contribution of two zeta-carotene desaturases to the poly-cis desaturation pathway in the cyanobacterium Nostoc PCC 7120
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Nostoc sp., Nostoc sp. PCC 7120
brenda
Alferez, F.; Pozo, L.V.; Rouseff, R.R.; Burns, J.K.
Modification of carotenoid levels by abscission agents and expression of carotenoid biosynthetic genes in valencia sweet orange
J. Agric. Food Chem.
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Citrus sinensis, Citrus sinensis valencia
brenda
Li, M.; Gan, Z.; Cui, Y.; Shi, C.; Shi, X.
Cloning and characterization of the zeta-carotene desaturase gene from Chlorella protothecoides CS-41
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Auxenochlorella protothecoides, Auxenochlorella protothecoides CS-41
brenda
Alferez, F.; Pozo, L.; Rouseff, R.; Burns, J.
Modification of carotenoid levels by abscission agents and expression of carotenoid biosynthetic genes in Valencia sweet orange
J. Agric. Food Chem.
61
3082-3089
2013
Citrus sinensis, Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck
brenda
Fantini, E.; Falcone, G.; Frusciante, S.; Giliberto, L.; Giuliano, G.
Dissection of tomato lycopene biosynthesis through virus-induced gene silencing
Plant Physiol.
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986-998
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Solanum lycopersicum (Q9SE20)
brenda