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Information on EC 1.3.1.72 - DELTA24-sterol reductase and Organism(s) Arabidopsis thaliana and UniProt Accession Q39085

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IUBMB Comments
Acts on a range of steroids with a 24(25)-double bond, including lanosterol, desmosterol and zymosterol.
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This record set is specific for:
Arabidopsis thaliana
UNIPROT: Q39085
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Word Map
The taxonomic range for the selected organisms is: Arabidopsis thaliana
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Eukaryota, Bacteria
Synonyms
dhcr24, seladin-1, dwarf1, 24-dehydrocholesterol reductase, 24-reductase, dehydrocholesterol reductase, diminuto/dwarf1, delta24-reductase, zmdwf1, desmosterol reductase, more
SYNONYM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
DELTA24-sterol-DELTA24-reductase
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DIMINUTO/DWARF1
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24,25-reductase
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24,25-sterol reductase
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-
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24-reductase
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-
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3beta-hydroxysterol DELTA24-reductase
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C-24 reductase
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DELTA24 reductase
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-
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DELTA24-reductase
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desmosterol reductase
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DIMINUTO/DWARF1
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hydroxy steroid DELTA24-reductase
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lanosterol 24-reductase
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lanosterol DELTA24-reductase
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lanosterol reductase
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reductase, hydroxy steroid DELTA24-
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sterol 24,25-reductase
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sterol 24-reductase
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sterol C-24 reductase
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sterol DELTA24 reductase
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sterol DELTA24-reductase
sterol-DELTA24-reductase
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
redox reaction
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oxidation
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-
-
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reduction
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-
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PATHWAY SOURCE
PATHWAYS
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-, -, -, -, -, -, -
SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
sterol:NADP+ DELTA24-oxidoreductase
Acts on a range of steroids with a 24(25)-double bond, including lanosterol, desmosterol and zymosterol.
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY hide
9033-57-2
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT                       
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
DELTA5,7-avenasterol + NADPH + H+
DELTA5,7-sitosterol + NADP+
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
DELTA7-avenasterol + NADPH + H+
DELTA7-sitosterol + NADP+
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
ergosta-5,7,22,24(28)-tetraen-3beta-ol + NADPH + H+
ergosterol + NADP+
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
isofucosterol + NADPH + H+
sitosterol + NADP+
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
24-methylenecholesterol + NADPH + H+
campesterol + NADP+
show the reaction diagram
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-
-
-
?
cholesta-5,24-dien-3beta-ol + NADPH + H+
cholest-5-en-3beta-ol + NADP+
show the reaction diagram
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-
-
-
?
additional information
?
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the enzyme has enzyme activity not only for a sterol C-24 reductase, but also for a brassinosteroid C-24 reductase that catalyzes C-24 reduction of 6-deoxodolichosterone to 6-deoxocastasterone and of dolichosterone to castasterone in Arabidopsis thaliana
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NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
cholesta-5,24-dien-3beta-ol + NADPH + H+
cholest-5-en-3beta-ol + NADP+
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
COFACTOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
FAD
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dependent on
NADPH
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conversion of desmosterol to cholesterol is strictly dependent on NADPH as the reducing agent with almost no activity detected in its absence in an in vitro enzymatic assay
ORGANISM
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
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DHCR24 membrane association
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
additional information
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enzyme DWF1 has a strong membrane association and a cytoplasmic C-terminus
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Manually annotated by BRENDA team
GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
malfunction
the enzyme dim mutant plants, similarly to the dwarf5-2, show a dwarf phenotype due to the deficiency in brassinosteroids, caused by a block in the D24-sterol-D24-reductase activity. Compared to the wild-type, the dim plants show reduced levels of campesterol and sitosterol associated to an increase of 24-methylene cholesterol and isofucosterol, their respective metabolic precursors and substrates of DIM. Mutant dim seedlings have short hypocotyls, petioles, and roots. Leaves of dim are round, curly, and dark green in color. In adult flowering plants, dim shows extremely short inflorescences with small flowers and severely reduced fertility. Phenotype, overview
metabolism
the enzyme is involved in the sterol biosynthetic pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana, overview
malfunction
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loss of DWF1 results in severe developmental and growth defects
metabolism
physiological function
UNIPROT
ENTRY NAME
ORGANISM
NO. OF AA
NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]
SOURCE
SEQUENCE
LOCALIZATION PREDICTION?
DIM_ARATH
561
1
65394
Swiss-Prot
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 5)
PROTEIN VARIANTS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
additional information
construction of a diminuto/dwarf1 (dim) T-DNA insertion mutant. The dim mutant plants, similarly to the dwarf5-2, show a dwarf phenotype due to the deficiency in brassinosteroids, caused by a block in the D24-sterol-D24-reductase activity. Compared to the wild-type, the dim plants show reduced levels of campesterol and sitosterol associated to an increase of 24-methylene cholesterol and isofucosterol, their respective metabolic precursors and substrates of DIM, complementation experiments with dwarf5-2, dim, and ste1-1
CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
recombinant expression of C-terminally YFP-tagged wild-type enzyme in Arabidopsis thaliana mutant lines deficient in the enzyme in the endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane
DWF1, phylogenetic tree
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EXPRESSION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
enzyme expression is down-regulated by application of castasterone and brassinolide
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REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Silvestro, D.; Andersen, T.G.; Schaller, H.; Jensen, P.E.
Plant sterol metabolism. DELTA7-Sterol-C5-desaturase (STE1/DWARF7), DELTA5,7-sterol-DELTA7-reductase (DWARF5) and DELTA24-sterol-DELTA24-reductase (DIMINUTO/DWARF1) show multiple subcellular localizations in Arabidopsis thaliana (Heynh) L
PLoS ONE
8
e56429
2013
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q39085), Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 (Q39085)
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Zerenturk, E.J.; Sharpe, L.J.; Ikonen, E.; Brown, A.J.
Desmosterol and DHCR24 unexpected new directions for a terminal step in cholesterol synthesis
Prog. Lipid Res.
52
666-680
2013
Arabidopsis thaliana, Bombyx mori, Homo sapiens (Q15392), Homo sapiens
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Youn, J.H.; Kim, T.W.; Joo, S.H.; Son, S.H.; Roh, J.; Kim, S.; Kim, T.W.; Kim, S.K.
Function and molecular regulation of DWARF1 as a C-24 reductase in brassinosteroid biosynthesis in Arabidopsis
J. Exp. Bot.
69
1873-1886
2018
Arabidopsis thaliana
Manually annotated by BRENDA team