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Information on EC 1.3.1.72 - DELTA24-sterol reductase
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EC Tree
1.3.1.72 DELTA24-sterol reductaseIUBMB Comments
Acts on a range of steroids with a 24(25)-double bond, including lanosterol, desmosterol and zymosterol.
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Word Map
- 1.3.1.72
- alzheimer
-
24-dehydrocholesterol
-
indicator-1
-
desmosterolosis
- ebp
-
smith-lemli-opitz
- triparanol
-
post-squalene
- medicine
- agriculture
- pharmacology
The enzyme appears in viruses and cellular organisms
Reaction Schemes
Synonyms
dhcr24, seladin-1, dwarf1, 24-dehydrocholesterol reductase, 24-reductase, dehydrocholesterol reductase, diminuto/dwarf1, delta24-reductase, zmdwf1, desmosterol reductase, 
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SYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
24,25-reductase
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24,25-sterol reductase
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24-dehydrocholesterol reductase
24-reductase
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3beta-hydroxysteroid-DELTA24 reductase
3beta-hydroxysterol DELTA24-reductase
3beta-hydroxysterol-delta24 reductase
C-24 reductase
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DELTA24 reductase
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DELTA24-dehydrocholesterol reductase
DELTA24-reductase
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DELTA24-sterol-DELTA24-reductase
desmosterol reductase
DHCR24
DIM
DIMINUTO/DWARF1
Dimunito/Dwarf1
hydroxy steroid DELTA24-reductase
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lanosterol 24-reductase
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lanosterol DELTA24-reductase
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lanosterol reductase
reductase, hydroxy steroid DELTA24-
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seladin-1
sterol 24,25-reductase
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sterol 24-reductase
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sterol 24DELTA-reductase
sterol C-24 reductase
sterol DELTA24 reductase
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sterol DELTA24-reductase
sterol-DELTA24-reductase
additional information
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enzyme belongs to the family of flavin adenine dinucleotide-dependent oxidoreductases
desmosterol reductase
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lanosterol reductase
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sterol DELTA24-reductase
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sterol-DELTA24-reductase
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
5alpha-cholest-7-en-3beta-ol + NADP+ = 5alpha-cholesta-7,24-dien-3beta-ol + NADPH + H+
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5alpha-cholest-7-en-3beta-ol + NADP+ = 5alpha-cholesta-7,24-dien-3beta-ol + NADPH + H+
mechanism
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5alpha-cholest-7-en-3beta-ol + NADP+ = 5alpha-cholesta-7,24-dien-3beta-ol + NADPH + H+
stereochemistry
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5alpha-cholest-7-en-3beta-ol + NADP+ = 5alpha-cholesta-7,24-dien-3beta-ol + NADPH + H+
stereochemistry
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5alpha-cholest-7-en-3beta-ol + NADP+ = 5alpha-cholesta-7,24-dien-3beta-ol + NADPH + H+
acts on a range of steroids with a 24(25)-double bond, including lanosterol, desmosterol and zymosterol
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5alpha-cholest-7-en-3beta-ol + NADP+ = 5alpha-cholesta-7,24-dien-3beta-ol + NADPH + H+
anaerobic reduction of 24(25)-enes of lanosterol and other obligatory intermediates of cholesterol biosynthesis from lanosterol
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5alpha-cholest-7-en-3beta-ol + NADP+ = 5alpha-cholesta-7,24-dien-3beta-ol + NADPH + H+
regulation, enzyme induction, dietary induction
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5alpha-cholest-7-en-3beta-ol + NADP+ = 5alpha-cholesta-7,24-dien-3beta-ol + NADPH + H+
ArDWF1 directly reduces 24-methylenecholesterol to produce campesterol with retention of the C-25 hydrogen and without passing through a DELTA24(25) intermediate, mechansim
5alpha-cholest-7-en-3beta-ol + NADP+ = 5alpha-cholesta-7,24-dien-3beta-ol + NADPH + H+
two-step mechanism involving the isomerization of DELTA24(28) to DELTA24(25), which requires elimination of H-25, mechanism
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
oxidation
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redox reaction
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reduction
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PATHWAY SOURCE
PATHWAYS
BRENDA
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
sterol:NADP+ DELTA24-oxidoreductase
Acts on a range of steroids with a 24(25)-double bond, including lanosterol, desmosterol and zymosterol.
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
9033-57-2
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
4,4-dimethyl-5alpha-cholesta-8,14,24-trien-3beta-ol + NADPH
4,4-dimethyl-5alpha-cholesta-8,14-dien-3beta-ol + NADP+
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?
4,4-dimethyl-5alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3beta-ol + NADPH
4,4-dimethyl-5alpha-cholesta-8-en-3beta-ol + NADP+
cholesta-5,7,24-trien-3beta-ol + NADPH + H+
7-dehydrocholesterol + NADP+
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?
cholesta-5,7,24-trien-3beta-ol + NADPH + H+
cholesta-5,7-dien-3beta-ol + NADP+
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?
lanosterol + NADPH + H+
4,4,14alpha-trimethyl-5alpha-cholesta-8-en-3beta-ol + NADP+
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?
24-methylenecholesterol + NADPH + H+
campesterol + NADP+
GC-MS analysis suggests that the reaction proceeds with retention of the C-25 hydrogen. The 25-H retention is established by the incubation of the enzyme with (23,23,25-2H3,28-13C)-24-methylenecholesterol, followed by 13C NMR analysis of the resulting campesterol
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?
4,4-dimethyl-5alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3beta-ol + NADPH
4,4-dimethyl-5alpha-cholesta-8-en-3beta-ol + NADP+
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?
4,4-dimethyl-5alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3beta-ol + NADPH
4,4-dimethyl-5alpha-cholesta-8-en-3beta-ol + NADP+
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?
5alpha-cholest-7-en-3beta-ol + NADP+
5alpha-cholesta-7,24-dien-3beta-ol + NADPH + H+
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?
5alpha-cholest-7-en-3beta-ol + NADP+
5alpha-cholesta-7,24-dien-3beta-ol + NADPH + H+
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r
5alpha-cholesta-7,24-dien-3beta-ol + NADPH
5alpha-cholest-7-en-3beta-ol + NADP+
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-
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?
5alpha-cholesta-7,24-dien-3beta-ol + NADPH
5alpha-cholest-7-en-3beta-ol + NADP+
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?
5alpha-cholesta-7,24-dien-3beta-ol + NADPH
5alpha-cholest-7-en-3beta-ol + NADP+
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best substrate
i.e.lathosterol
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?
5alpha-cholesta-7,24-dien-3beta-ol + NADPH
5alpha-cholest-7-en-3beta-ol + NADP+
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2 major alternate routes for cholesterol biosynthesis, step in the biosynthesis of cholesterol from lanosterol
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?
5alpha-cholesta-7,24-dien-3beta-ol + NADPH
5alpha-cholest-7-en-3beta-ol + NADP+
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step in the biosynthesis of cholesterol from lanosterol
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?
5alpha-cholesta-7,24-dien-3beta-ol + NADPH
5alpha-cholest-7-en-3beta-ol + NADP+
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?
5alpha-cholesta-7,24-dien-3beta-ol + NADPH
5alpha-cholest-7-en-3beta-ol + NADP+
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i.e. lathosterol
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?
5alpha-cholesta-7,24-dien-3beta-ol + NADPH
5alpha-cholest-7-en-3beta-ol + NADP+
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best substrate
i.e.lathosterol
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?
5alpha-cholesta-7,24-dien-3beta-ol + NADPH
5alpha-cholest-7-en-3beta-ol + NADP+
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step in the biosynthesis of cholesterol from lanosterol
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?
5alpha-cholesta-7,24-dien-3beta-ol + NADPH
5alpha-cholesta-7-en-3beta-ol + NADP+
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lathosterol
?
5alpha-cholesta-7,24-dien-3beta-ol + NADPH
5alpha-cholesta-7-en-3beta-ol + NADP+
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most reactive, best substrate, 17.8fold activity compared with lanosterol, 4,4',14alpha-trimethyl-5alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3beta-ol
lathosterol
?
5alpha-cholesta-7,24-dien-3beta-ol + NADPH
5alpha-cholesta-7-en-3beta-ol + NADP+
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C-24 reduction of sterols probably takes place straight after sterol DELTA8-7 isomerization of zymosterol, which occurs several steps after C-32 demethylation of lanosterol in the 19-step pathway of cholesterol biosynthesis from lanosterol
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?
5alpha-cholesta-7,24-dien-3beta-ol + NADPH
5alpha-cholesta-7-en-3beta-ol + NADP+
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C-24 reduction of DELTA7,24-diene
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?
5alpha-cholesta-7,24-dien-3beta-ol + NADPH
5alpha-cholesta-7-en-3beta-ol + NADP+
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most reactive, probably natural substrate
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?
cholesta-5,24-dien-3beta-ol + NADPH + H+
cholest-5-en-3beta-ol + NADP+
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?
cholesta-5,24-dien-3beta-ol + NADPH + H+
cholest-5-en-3beta-ol + NADP+
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?
cholesta-5,24-dien-3beta-ol + NADPH + H+
cholest-5-en-3beta-ol + NADP+
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?
cholesta-5,24-dien-3beta-ol + NADPH + H+
cholest-5-en-3beta-ol + NADP+
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?
cholesta-5,24-dien-3beta-ol + NADPH + H+
cholest-5-en-3beta-ol + NADP+
reduction of desmosterol to cholesterol is dependent on FAD
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?
cholesta-5,24-dien-3beta-ol + NADPH + H+
cholest-5-en-3beta-ol + NADP+
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reduction of desmosterol to cholesterol is dependent on FAD
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?
cholesta-5,7,24-trien-3beta-ol + NADPH
cholest-5,7-dien-3beta-ol + NADP+
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?
cholesta-5,7,24-trien-3beta-ol + NADPH
cholest-5,7-dien-3beta-ol + NADP+
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step in the biosynthesis of cholesterol from desmosterol
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?
cholesta-5,7,24-trien-3beta-ol + NADPH
cholest-5,7-dien-3beta-ol + NADP+
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step in the biosynthesis of cholesterol from lanosterol
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?
cholesta-5,7,24-trien-3beta-ol + NADPH
cholest-5,7-dien-3beta-ol + NADP+
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?
cholesta-5,7,24-trien-3beta-ol + NADPH
cholest-5,7-dien-3beta-ol + NADP+
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step in the biosynthesis of cholesterol from lanosterol
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?
DELTA5,7-avenasterol + NADPH + H+
DELTA5,7-sitosterol + NADP+
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?
DELTA5,7-avenasterol + NADPH + H+
DELTA5,7-sitosterol + NADP+
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?
DELTA7-avenasterol + NADPH + H+
DELTA7-sitosterol + NADP+
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?
DELTA7-avenasterol + NADPH + H+
DELTA7-sitosterol + NADP+
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?
desmosterol + NADPH
cholesterol + NADP+
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5alpha-cholesta-5,24-dien-3beta-ol
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?
desmosterol + NADPH
cholesterol + NADP+
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5alpha-cholesta-5,24-dien-3beta-ol
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?
desmosterol + NADPH
cholesterol + NADP+
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step in the biosynthesis of cholesterol from lanosterol
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?
desmosterol + NADPH
cholesterol + NADP+
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5alpha-cholesta-5,24-dien-3beta-ol
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?
desmosterol + NADPH
cholesterol + NADP+
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5.5fold activity compared with lanosterol, 4,4',14alpha-trimethyl-5alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3beta-ol
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?
desmosterol + NADPH
cholesterol + NADP+
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5alpha-cholesta-5,24-dien-3beta-ol
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?
desmosterol + NADPH
cholesterol + NADP+
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step in the biosynthesis of cholesterol from lanosterol
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?
ergosta-5,7,22,24(28)-tetraen-3beta-ol + NADPH + H+
ergosterol + NADP+
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?
ergosta-5,7,22,24(28)-tetraen-3beta-ol + NADPH + H+
ergosterol + NADP+
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?
ergosta-5,7,22,24(28)-tetraen-3beta-ol + NADPH + H+
ergosterol + NADP+
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?
ergosta-5,7,22,24(28)-tetraen-3beta-ol + NADPH + H+
ergosterol + NADP+
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?
lanosterol + NADPH
24-dihydrolanosterol + NADP+
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step in the biosynthesis of cholesterol from lanosterol
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?
lanosterol + NADPH
24-dihydrolanosterol + NADP+
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step in the biosynthesis of cholesterol from lanosterol
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?
lanosterol + NADPH
4,4,14alpha-trimethyl-5alpha-cholesta-8-en-3beta-ol + NADP+
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4,4',14alpha-trimethyl-5alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3beta-ol
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?
lanosterol + NADPH
4,4,14alpha-trimethyl-5alpha-cholesta-8-en-3beta-ol + NADP+
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4,4',14alpha-trimethyl-5alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3beta-ol
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?
lanosterol + NADPH
4,4,14alpha-trimethyl-5alpha-cholesta-8-en-3beta-ol + NADP+
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14alpha-methyl demethylase activity is dominant over 24-reductase activity, and blockade or removal of 14alpha-methyl demethylase activity is absolutely required for the detection of maximal 24-reductase activity when lanosterol substrate is present
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?
lanosterol + NADPH
4,4,14alpha-trimethyl-5alpha-cholesta-8-en-3beta-ol + NADP+
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4,4',14alpha-trimethyl-5alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3beta-ol
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-
?
zymosterol + NADPH
5alpha-cholesta-8-en-3beta-ol + NADP+
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6.1fold activity compared with lanosterol, 4,4',14alpha-trimethyl-5alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3beta-ol
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?
zymosterol + NADPH
5alpha-cholesta-8-en-3beta-ol + NADP+
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5alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3beta-ol
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?
additional information
?
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Dimunito/Dwarf1 (DWF1) is an oxidoreductase enzyme that is responsible for the conversion of C28- and C29-DELTA24(28)-olefinic sterols to 24-methyl- and 24-ethylcholesterols. ArDWF1 directly reduces 24-methylenecholesterol to produce campesterol without passing through a DELTA24(25) intermediate
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?
additional information
?
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the enzyme has enzyme activity not only for a sterol C-24 reductase, but also for a brassinosteroid C-24 reductase that catalyzes C-24 reduction of 6-deoxodolichosterone to 6-deoxocastasterone and of dolichosterone to castasterone in Arabidopsis thaliana
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additional information
?
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the enzyme synthesizes cholesterol by transformation of dietary phytosterols through a dealkylation reaction
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?
additional information
?
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reduction of DELTA24 double bond is one of the necessary reactions during cholesterol synthesis
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?
additional information
?
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important enzyme in the 19-step pathway of cholesterol biosynthesis from lanosterol
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?
additional information
?
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enzyme deficiency due to mutation cause desmosterolosis, an autosomal recessive disorder of cholesterol biosynthesis, patients show elevated levels of cholesterol precursor desmosterol in plasma and tissue
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?
additional information
?
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enzyme of phytosterol metabolism to cholesterol
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?
additional information
?
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insects are unable to synthesize sterols de novo and acquire sterols from their diet or from symbionts, sterol 24,25-reductase is an important enzyme of the pathway for the transformation of sitosterol, 24alpha-ethylcholesterol, together with stigmasterol, 24alpha-ethylcholesta-5,22-dien-3beta-ol, the predominant phytosterol in tobacco, to cholesterol
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?
additional information
?
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intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species in response to H2O2 is diminished in the presence of DHCR24, suggesting a reactive oxygen species-scavenging activity of DHCR24
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?
additional information
?
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Dimunito/Dwarf1 (DWF1) is an oxidoreductase enzyme that is responsible for the conversion of C28- and C29-DELTA24(28)-olefinic sterols to 24-methyl- and 24-ethylcholesterols. An in vivo assay of OsDWF1 supports the generally accepted two-step mechanism because the C-25 hydrogen of 24-methylenecholesterol is eliminated during its conversion to 24-methylcholesterol
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?
additional information
?
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catalyzes reduction of DELTA24 double bond
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?
additional information
?
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anaerobic reduction of 24(25)-enes of lanosterol and other obligatory intermediates of cholesterol biosynthesis from lanosterol in mammals to produce 24(25)-dihydrosterols
-
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?
additional information
?
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C-24 reduction of sterols probably takes place straight after sterol DELTA8-7 isomerization of zymosterol, which occurs several steps after C-32 demethylation of lanosterol in the 19-step pathway of cholesterol biosynthesis from lanosterol
-
-
?
additional information
?
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-
reduction of DELTA24 double bond is one of the necessary reactions during cholesterol synthesis
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
important enzyme in the 19-step pathway of cholesterol biosynthesis from lanosterol
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
important enzyme in the 19-step pathway of cholesterol biosynthesis from lanosterol
-
-
?
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NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
cholesta-5,7,24-trien-3beta-ol + NADPH + H+
7-dehydrocholesterol + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
lanosterol + NADPH + H+
4,4,14alpha-trimethyl-5alpha-cholesta-8-en-3beta-ol + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
5alpha-cholest-7-en-3beta-ol + NADP+
5alpha-cholesta-7,24-dien-3beta-ol + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
?
5alpha-cholest-7-en-3beta-ol + NADP+
5alpha-cholesta-7,24-dien-3beta-ol + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
r
5alpha-cholesta-7,24-dien-3beta-ol + NADPH
5alpha-cholest-7-en-3beta-ol + NADP+
-
2 major alternate routes for cholesterol biosynthesis, step in the biosynthesis of cholesterol from lanosterol
-
-
?
5alpha-cholesta-7,24-dien-3beta-ol + NADPH
5alpha-cholest-7-en-3beta-ol + NADP+
-
step in the biosynthesis of cholesterol from lanosterol
-
-
?
5alpha-cholesta-7,24-dien-3beta-ol + NADPH
5alpha-cholest-7-en-3beta-ol + NADP+
-
step in the biosynthesis of cholesterol from lanosterol
-
-
?
5alpha-cholesta-7,24-dien-3beta-ol + NADPH
5alpha-cholesta-7-en-3beta-ol + NADP+
-
C-24 reduction of sterols probably takes place straight after sterol DELTA8-7 isomerization of zymosterol, which occurs several steps after C-32 demethylation of lanosterol in the 19-step pathway of cholesterol biosynthesis from lanosterol
-
-
?
5alpha-cholesta-7,24-dien-3beta-ol + NADPH
5alpha-cholesta-7-en-3beta-ol + NADP+
-
C-24 reduction of DELTA7,24-diene
-
-
?
5alpha-cholesta-7,24-dien-3beta-ol + NADPH
5alpha-cholesta-7-en-3beta-ol + NADP+
-
most reactive, probably natural substrate
-
-
?
cholesta-5,24-dien-3beta-ol + NADPH + H+
cholest-5-en-3beta-ol + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
cholesta-5,24-dien-3beta-ol + NADPH + H+
cholest-5-en-3beta-ol + NADP+
-
-
-
?
cholesta-5,24-dien-3beta-ol + NADPH + H+
cholest-5-en-3beta-ol + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
cholesta-5,24-dien-3beta-ol + NADPH + H+
cholest-5-en-3beta-ol + NADP+
-
-
-
?
cholesta-5,24-dien-3beta-ol + NADPH + H+
cholest-5-en-3beta-ol + NADP+
reduction of desmosterol to cholesterol is dependent on FAD
-
-
?
cholesta-5,24-dien-3beta-ol + NADPH + H+
cholest-5-en-3beta-ol + NADP+
-
reduction of desmosterol to cholesterol is dependent on FAD
-
-
?
cholesta-5,7,24-trien-3beta-ol + NADPH
cholest-5,7-dien-3beta-ol + NADP+
-
step in the biosynthesis of cholesterol from desmosterol
-
-
?
cholesta-5,7,24-trien-3beta-ol + NADPH
cholest-5,7-dien-3beta-ol + NADP+
-
step in the biosynthesis of cholesterol from lanosterol
-
-
?
cholesta-5,7,24-trien-3beta-ol + NADPH
cholest-5,7-dien-3beta-ol + NADP+
-
step in the biosynthesis of cholesterol from lanosterol
-
-
?
desmosterol + NADPH
cholesterol + NADP+
-
5alpha-cholesta-5,24-dien-3beta-ol
-
-
?
desmosterol + NADPH
cholesterol + NADP+
-
step in the biosynthesis of cholesterol from lanosterol
-
-
?
desmosterol + NADPH
cholesterol + NADP+
-
5alpha-cholesta-5,24-dien-3beta-ol
-
-
?
desmosterol + NADPH
cholesterol + NADP+
-
5alpha-cholesta-5,24-dien-3beta-ol
-
-
?
desmosterol + NADPH
cholesterol + NADP+
-
step in the biosynthesis of cholesterol from lanosterol
-
-
?