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Information on EC 1.23.5.1 - violaxanthin de-epoxidase and Organism(s) Nicotiana tabacum and UniProt Accession Q40593

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IUBMB Comments
Along with EC 1.14.15.21, zeaxanthin epoxidase, this enzyme forms part of the xanthophyll (or violaxanthin) cycle for controlling the concentration of zeaxanthin in chloroplasts. It is activated by a low pH of the thylakoid lumen (produced by high light intensity). Zeaxanthin induces the dissipation of excitation energy in the chlorophyll of the light-harvesting protein complex of photosystem II. In higher plants the enzyme reacts with all-trans-diepoxides, such as violaxanthin, and all-trans-monoepoxides, but in the alga Mantoniella squamata, only the diepoxides are good substrates.
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Nicotiana tabacum
UNIPROT: Q40593
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The taxonomic range for the selected organisms is: Nicotiana tabacum
The enzyme appears in selected viruses and cellular organisms
Synonyms
violaxanthin de-epoxidase, csvde, vx de-epoxidase, zmvde1, ahvde, more
SYNONYM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
violaxanthin:ascorbate oxidoreductase
Along with EC 1.14.15.21, zeaxanthin epoxidase, this enzyme forms part of the xanthophyll (or violaxanthin) cycle for controlling the concentration of zeaxanthin in chloroplasts. It is activated by a low pH of the thylakoid lumen (produced by high light intensity). Zeaxanthin induces the dissipation of excitation energy in the chlorophyll of the light-harvesting protein complex of photosystem II. In higher plants the enzyme reacts with all-trans-diepoxides, such as violaxanthin, and all-trans-monoepoxides, but in the alga Mantoniella squamata, only the diepoxides are good substrates.
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY hide
57534-73-3
-
SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT                       
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
antheraxanthin + ascorbate
zeaxanthin + dehydroascorbate + H2O
show the reaction diagram
violaxanthin de-epoxidase and zeaxanthin epoxidase catalyze the addition and removal of epoxide groups in carotenoids of xanthophyll cycle in plants. The xanthophyll cycle is implicated in protecting the photosynthetoic apparatus from excessive light
-
-
?
violaxanthin + ascorbate
antheraxanthin + dehydroascorbate + H2O
show the reaction diagram
violaxanthin de-epoxidase and zeaxanthin epoxidase catalyze the addition and removal of epoxide groups in carotenoids of xanthophyll cycle in plants. The xanthophyll cycle is implicated in protecting the photosynthetic apparatus from excessive light
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the level of violaxanthin de-epoxidase changes in an inverse, nonlinear relationship with respect to the VAZ pool (violaxanthin + antheraxanthin + zeaxanthin), suggesting that enzyme levels can be indirectly regulated by the VAZ pool
-
-
?
NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
antheraxanthin + ascorbate
zeaxanthin + dehydroascorbate + H2O
show the reaction diagram
violaxanthin de-epoxidase and zeaxanthin epoxidase catalyze the addition and removal of epoxide groups in carotenoids of xanthophyll cycle in plants. The xanthophyll cycle is implicated in protecting the photosynthetoic apparatus from excessive light
-
-
?
violaxanthin + ascorbate
antheraxanthin + dehydroascorbate + H2O
show the reaction diagram
violaxanthin de-epoxidase and zeaxanthin epoxidase catalyze the addition and removal of epoxide groups in carotenoids of xanthophyll cycle in plants. The xanthophyll cycle is implicated in protecting the photosynthetic apparatus from excessive light
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the level of violaxanthin de-epoxidase changes in an inverse, nonlinear relationship with respect to the VAZ pool (violaxanthin + antheraxanthin + zeaxanthin), suggesting that enzyme levels can be indirectly regulated by the VAZ pool
-
-
?
ORGANISM
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
cv. Xanthi
SwissProt
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
SOURCE
-
grown under high light
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
UNIPROT
ENTRY NAME
ORGANISM
NO. OF AA
NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]
SOURCE
SEQUENCE
LOCALIZATION PREDICTION?
VDE_TOBAC
478
0
54561
Swiss-Prot
other Location (Reliability: 2)
REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Bugos, R.C.; Hieber, A.D.; Yamamoto, H.Y.
Xanthophyll cycle enzymes are members of the lipocalin family, the first identified from plants
J. Biol. Chem.
273
15321-15324
1998
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q39249), Nicotiana tabacum (Q40593), Nicotiana tabacum
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Bugos, R.C.; Chang, S.H.; Yamamoto, H.Y.
Developmental expression of violaxanthin de-epoxidase in leaves of tobacco growing under high and low light
Plant Physiol.
121
207-214
1999
Nicotiana tabacum
Manually annotated by BRENDA team