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Information on EC 1.2.3.1 - aldehyde oxidase and Organism(s) Arabidopsis thaliana and UniProt Accession Q7G191

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EC Tree
     1 Oxidoreductases
         1.2 Acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors
             1.2.3 With oxygen as acceptor
                1.2.3.1 aldehyde oxidase
IUBMB Comments
Contains molybdenum, [2Fe-2S] centres and FAD. The enzyme from liver exhibits a broad substrate specificity, and is involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics, including the oxidation of N-heterocycles and aldehydes and the reduction of N-oxides, nitrosamines, hydroxamic acids, azo dyes, nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and sulfoxides [4,6]. The enzyme is also responsible for the oxidation of retinal, an activity that was initially attributed to a distinct enzyme (EC 1.2.3.11, retinal oxidase) [5,7].
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Arabidopsis thaliana
UNIPROT: Q7G191
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Word Map
The taxonomic range for the selected organisms is: Arabidopsis thaliana
The enzyme appears in selected viruses and cellular organisms
Reaction Schemes
Synonyms
aldehyde oxidase, aldehyde oxidase 1, retinal oxidase, formate oxidase, maox3, atraaox2, aldehyde oxidase 3, aldehyde oxidase 2, aldehyde:oxygen oxidoreductase, more
SYNONYM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
quinoline oxidase
-
-
-
-
Retinal oxidase
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-
-
-
retinene oxidase
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-
-
-
REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
redox reaction
-
-
-
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oxidation
-
-
-
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reduction
-
-
-
-
SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
aldehyde:oxygen oxidoreductase
Contains molybdenum, [2Fe-2S] centres and FAD. The enzyme from liver exhibits a broad substrate specificity, and is involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics, including the oxidation of N-heterocycles and aldehydes and the reduction of N-oxides, nitrosamines, hydroxamic acids, azo dyes, nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and sulfoxides [4,6]. The enzyme is also responsible for the oxidation of retinal, an activity that was initially attributed to a distinct enzyme (EC 1.2.3.11, retinal oxidase) [5,7].
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY hide
9029-07-6
-
9033-52-7
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT                       
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
1-naphthaldehyde + H2O + O2
1-naphthalene carboxylic acid + H2O2
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
4-hydroxyl-2-nonenal + H2O + O2
4-hydroxy-2-nonenoate + H2O2
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
acrolein + H2O + O2
acrylic acid + H2O2
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
benzaldehyde + H2O + O2
benzoic acid + H2O2
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
cinnamaldehyde + H2O + O2
cinnamic acid + H2O2
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
citral + H2O + O2
(2E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienoic acid + H2O2
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
dodecyl aldehyde + H2O + O2
dodecanoic acid + H2O2
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
hexanal + H2O + O2
hexanoic acid + H2O2
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
indol-3-carboxyaldehyde + H2O + O2
indol-3-carboxylic acid + H2O2
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
propionaldehyde + H2O + O2
propionic acid + H2O2
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
vanillin + H2O + O2
vanillic acid + H2O2
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
?
3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde + H2O + O2
3,4-dihydroxybenzoate + H2O2
show the reaction diagram
-
38.2% of the rate with benzaldehyde
-
-
?
abscisic aldehyde + H2O + O2
abscisic acid + H2O2
show the reaction diagram
-
four aldehyde oxidases are known that have varying affinities to abscisic aldehyde. AOdelta, endcoded by AAO3 specifically catalyses this step in rosette leaves
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-
?
benzaldehyde + H2O + O2
benzoic acid + H2O2
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
cinnamaldehyde + H2O + O2
cinnamic acid + H2O2
show the reaction diagram
-
44.2% of the rate with benzaldehyde
-
-
?
indole 3-acetaldehyde + H2O + O2
indole 3-acetic acid + H2O2
show the reaction diagram
-
48.0% of the rate with benzaldehyde
-
-
?
indole 3-carbaldehyde + H2O + O2
indole 3-carboxylate + H2O2
show the reaction diagram
-
-
-
-
?
p-anisaldehyde + H2O + O2
p-anisic acid + H2O2
show the reaction diagram
-
40.2% of the rate with benzaldehyde
-
-
?
p-hydroxybenzaldehyde + H2O + O2
p-hydroxybenzoate + H2O2
show the reaction diagram
-
54.8% of the rate with benzaldehyde
-
-
?
vanillin + H2O + O2
vanillic acid + H2O2
show the reaction diagram
-
43.3% of the rate with benzaldehyde
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-
?
additional information
?
-
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no substrate: citral, hexanal
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-
?
NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate) hide
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product) hide
LITERATURE
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
abscisic aldehyde + H2O + O2
abscisic acid + H2O2
show the reaction diagram
-
four aldehyde oxidases are known that have varying affinities to abscisic aldehyde. AOdelta, endcoded by AAO3 specifically catalyses this step in rosette leaves
-
-
?
COFACTOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
NAD+
-
enzyme is able to oxidize benzaldehyde without NAD+, but its activity increases by 50% when the cofactor is added. Km value 0.0581 mM
METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
Cu2+
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1 mM, 95% inhibition
KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.0238
benzaldehyde
-
partially purified protein, pH 7.0, 30°C
0.1039
cinnamylaldehyde
-
partially purified protein, pH 7.0, 30°C
2.07
Indole-3-acetaldehyde
-
partially purified protein, pH 7.0, 30°C
TURNOVER NUMBER [1/s]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
IMAGE
95.2
benzaldehyde
-
partially purified protein, pH 7.0, 30°C
436.5
cinnamylaldehyde
-
partially purified protein, pH 7.0, 30°C
1904
Indole-3-acetaldehyde
-
partially purified protein, pH 7.0, 30°C
pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
pH RANGE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
ORGANISM
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
SOURCE
drastic drought imposed on rosette leaves results in a 19.5fold enhancement of Aao4 transcript
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
-
high and specific expression in developing seed
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
physiological function
exogenous application of several aldehydes to siliques in AAO4 knockout plants induces severe tissue damage and enhance malondialdehyde levels and senescence symptoms, but not in wild-type siliques. Abiotic stresses such as dark and ultraviolet C irradiation causes an increase in endogenous reactive carbonyl species and higher expression levels of senescence marker genes, leading to premature senescence of knockout siliques. In naturally senescent knockout siliques, higher endogenous reactive carbonyl species levels are associated with enhanced senescence molecular markers, chlorophyll degradation, and earlier seed shattering compared with the wild type
UNIPROT
ENTRY NAME
ORGANISM
NO. OF AA
NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]
SOURCE
SEQUENCE
LOCALIZATION PREDICTION?
ALDO4_ARATH
1337
0
147304
Swiss-Prot
other Location (Reliability: 3)
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
SUBUNIT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
?
x * 147000, calculated
PROTEIN VARIANTS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
additional information
-
plants homozygous for a null allele in AAO4 show a reduction of 30% to 45% in the total levels of benzoic acid in seeds as well as 7% to 9% and 32% to 38% decreases in the levels of 3-benzoyloxypropylglucosinolate and 4-benzoyloxybutylglucosinolate, respectively
GENERAL STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
recombinant enzyme inactivated by KCN treatment
-
CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
expression in Pichia pastoris of the AOalpha gene
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EXPRESSION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
expression is induced by hydrogen peroxide. Drastic drought imposed on rosette leaves results in a 19.5fold enhancement of Aao4 transcript
RENATURED/Commentary
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
after inactivation with KCN, anaerobic reconstitution by sulfide and dithionite were succesful
-
REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Bittner, F.; Oreb, M.; Mendel, R.R.
ABA3 is a molybdenum cofactor sulfurase required for activation of aldehyde oxidase and xanthine dehydrogenase in Arabidopsis thaliana
J. Biol. Chem.
276
40381-40384
2001
Arabidopsis thaliana
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Seo, M.; Peeters, A.J.M.; Koiwai, H.; Oritani, T.; Marion-Poll, A.; Zeevaart, J.A.D.; Koornneef, M.; Kamiya, Y.; Koshiba, T.
The Arabidopsis aldehyde oxidase 3 (AAO3) gene product catalyzes the final step in abscisic acid biosynthesis in leaves
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
97
12908-12913
2000
Arabidopsis thaliana
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Garattini, E.; Fratelli, M.; Terao, M.
Mammalian aldehyde oxidases: genetics, evolution and biochemistry
Cell. Mol. Life Sci.
65
1019-1048
2008
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q7G191), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q7G192), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q7G193), Bos taurus (P48034), Caenorhabditis elegans (O61198), Caenorhabditis elegans (Q960A1), Canis lupus familiaris (Q2QB47), Canis lupus familiaris (Q2QB48), Danio rerio, Drosophila melanogaster, Drosophila melanogaster (Q9VF53), Equus caballus, Gallus gallus (Q2QB49), Gallus gallus (Q2QB50), Homo sapiens, Macaca fascicularis (Q5FB27), Macaca mulatta, Mamestra brassicae (Q4VGM3), Monodelphis domestica, Mus musculus, Mus musculus (O54754), Mus musculus (Q5SGK3), Mus musculus (Q6V956), Mus musculus (Q8VJ15), no activity in Aspergillus nidulans, Oryctolagus cuniculus (P80456), Pan troglodytes, Pongo pygmaeus, Rattus norvegicus, Rattus norvegicus (Q5QE78), Rattus norvegicus (Q5QE79), Rattus norvegicus (Q5QE80), Rattus norvegicus (Q9Z0U5), Solanum lycopersicum (Q9FV23), Solanum lycopersicum (Q9FV24), Solanum lycopersicum (Q9FV25), Takifugu rubripes, Tetraodon nigroviridis, Xenopus laevis (Q6GMC5), Zea mays (O23887), Zea mays (O23888)
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Ibdah, M.; Chen, Y.T.; Wilkerson, C.G.; Pichersky, E.
An aldehyde oxidase in developing seeds of Arabidopsis converts benzaldehyde to benzoic acid
Plant Physiol.
150
416-423
2009
Arabidopsis thaliana
Manually annotated by BRENDA team
Srivastava, S.; Brychkova, G.; Yarmolinsky, D.; Soltabayeva, A.; Samani, T.; Sagi, M.
Aldehyde oxidase 4 plays a critical role in delaying silique senescence by catalyzing aldehyde detoxification
Plant Physiol.
173
1977-1997
2017
Arabidopsis thaliana (Q7G191)
Manually annotated by BRENDA team