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Information on EC 1.2.1.94 - farnesal dehydrogenase
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EC Tree
1.2.1.94 farnesal dehydrogenaseIUBMB Comments
Invoved in juvenile hormone production in insects. The enzyme was described from the corpora allata of Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly), Manduca sexta (tobacco hornworm) and Aedes aegypti (dengue mosquito).
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Word Map
- 1.2.1.94
-
corneal
-
polycyclic
-
farnesoic
- 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
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blat
- aldh3b1
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clusterin
- allata
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granulosa-lutein
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as-odn
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opossum
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endometriosis
The enzyme appears in viruses and cellular organisms
Synonyms
aldehyde dehydrogenase 3, farnesal dehydrogenase, aaaldh3, 
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SYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
AaALDH3
AaALDH3-1
AaALDH3-2
AaeL_AAEL012161
AaeL_AAEL012162
AaeL_AAEL012165
aldehyde dehydrogenase 3
ALDH3
NAD+-dependent class 3 ALDH
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
(2E,6E)-farnesal + NAD+ + H2O = (2E,6E)-farnesoate + NADH + 2 H+
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-
-
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PATHWAY SOURCE
PATHWAYS
-
,
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
farnesal:NAD+ oxidoreductase
Invoved in juvenile hormone production in insects. The enzyme was described from the corpora allata of Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly), Manduca sexta (tobacco hornworm) and Aedes aegypti (dengue mosquito).
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
alpha-methyl-cinnamaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
alpha-methyl-cinnamic acid + NADH + 2 H+
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31% of the activity with farnesal
-
-
?
citral + NAD+ + H2O
3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienoate + NADH + 2 H+
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27% of the activity with farnesal
-
-
?
octanal + NAD+
octanoic acid + NADH
-
-
reaction products analyzed by LC-MS and identified based on the diagnostic ions
-
?
trans-cinnamaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
trans-cinnamic acid + NADH + 2 H+
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33% of the activity with farnesal
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesal + NAD+
(2E,6E)-farnesoate + NADH + 2 H+
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NADP+ can not substitute NAD+, AaALDH3-1-PC has the highest activity with farnesal, AaALDH3-1 is mainly responsible for the conversion of farnesal to farnesoic acid
reaction products analyzed by LC-MS and identified based on the diagnostic ions
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesal + NAD+
(2E,6E)-farnesoate + NADH + 2 H+
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NADP+ can not substitute NAD+, AaALDH3-1-PC has the highest activity with farnesal, AaALDH3-1 is mainly responsible for the conversion of farnesal to farnesoic acid
reaction products analyzed by LC-MS and identified based on the diagnostic ions
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesal + NAD+ + H2O
(2E,6E)-farnesoate + NADH + 2 H+
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substrate specificity for the 2E-isomer
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesal + NAD+ + H2O
(2E,6E)-farnesoic acid + NADH + 2 H+
-
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesal + NAD+ + H2O
(2E,6E)-farnesoic acid + NADH + 2 H+
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-
-
?
decanal + NAD+ + H2O
decanoic acid + NADH + 2 H+
-
-
-
?
decanal + NAD+ + H2O
decanoic acid + NADH + H+
-
-
reaction products analyzed by LC-MS and identified based on the diagnostic ions
-
?
decanal + NAD+ + H2O
decanoic acid + NADH + H+
-
-
reaction products analyzed by LC-MS and identified based on the diagnostic ions
-
?
octanal + NAD+ + H2O
octanoic acid + NADH + 2 H+
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
AaALDH3s oxidizes farnesal to FA in the presence of NAD+, and NADP+ cannot substitute for NAD+. AaALDH3-1-PC has the highest activity with farnesal. All of the AaALDH3-1 enzyme splice variants oxidize octanal and decanal with the exception of AaALDH3-1-PA which does not have activity with decanal
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-
?
additional information
?
-
AaALDH3s oxidizes farnesal to FA in the presence of NAD+, and NADP+ cannot substitute for NAD+. AaALDH3-1-PC has the highest activity with farnesal. All of the AaALDH3-1 enzyme splice variants oxidize octanal and decanal with the exception of AaALDH3-1-PA which does not have activity with decanal
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-
?
additional information
?
-
AaALDH3s oxidizes farnesal to FA in the presence of NAD+, and NADP+ cannot substitute for NAD+. AaALDH3-1-PC has the highest activity with farnesal. All of the AaALDH3-1 enzyme splice variants oxidize octanal and decanal with the exception of AaALDH3-1-PA which does not have activity with decanal
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-
?
additional information
?
-
AaALDH3s oxidizes farnesal to FA in the presence of NAD+, and NADP+ cannot substitute for NAD+. AaALDH3-1-PC has the highest activity with farnesal. All of the AaALDH3-1 enzyme splice variants oxidize octanal and decanal with the exception of AaALDH3-1-PA which does not have activity with decanal
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
AaALDH3s oxidizes farnesal to FA in the presence of NAD+, and NADP+ cannot substitute for NAD+. AaALDH3-1-PC has the highest activity with farnesal. All of the AaALDH3-1 enzyme splice variants oxidize octanal and decanal with the exception of AaALDH3-1-PA which does not have activity with decanal
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
AaALDH3s oxidizes farnesal to FA in the presence of NAD+, and NADP+ cannot substitute for NAD+. AaALDH3-1-PC has the highest activity with farnesal. All of the AaALDH3-1 enzyme splice variants oxidize octanal and decanal with the exception of AaALDH3-1-PA which does not have activity with decanal
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-
?
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NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
(2E,6E)-farnesal + NAD+
(2E,6E)-farnesoate + NADH + 2 H+
-
NADP+ can not substitute NAD+, AaALDH3-1-PC has the highest activity with farnesal, AaALDH3-1 is mainly responsible for the conversion of farnesal to farnesoic acid
reaction products analyzed by LC-MS and identified based on the diagnostic ions
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesal + NAD+
(2E,6E)-farnesoate + NADH + 2 H+
-
NADP+ can not substitute NAD+, AaALDH3-1-PC has the highest activity with farnesal, AaALDH3-1 is mainly responsible for the conversion of farnesal to farnesoic acid
reaction products analyzed by LC-MS and identified based on the diagnostic ions
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesal + NAD+ + H2O
(2E,6E)-farnesoate + NADH + 2 H+
-
substrate specificity for the 2E-isomer
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesal + NAD+ + H2O
(2E,6E)-farnesoic acid + NADH + 2 H+
-
-
-
?
(2E,6E)-farnesal + NAD+ + H2O
(2E,6E)-farnesoic acid + NADH + 2 H+
-
-
-
?
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COFACTOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
additional information
AaALDH3s oxidizes farnesal to FA in the presence of NAD+, and NADP+ cannot substitute for NAD+
-
additional information
AaALDH3s oxidizes farnesal to FA in the presence of NAD+, and NADP+ cannot substitute for NAD+
-
additional information
AaALDH3s oxidizes farnesal to FA in the presence of NAD+, and NADP+ cannot substitute for NAD+
-
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INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
farnesal
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massive accumulation of the potentially toxic farnesal can stimulate the activity of a farnesal reductase or another enzyme that could convert farnesal back into farnesol
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DISEASE
TITLE OF PUBLICATION
LINK TO PUBMED
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 expression is decreased by clofibrate via PPAR gamma induction in JM2 rat hepatoma cell line.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular
Antisense oligonucleotides against aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 inhibit hepatoma cell proliferation by affecting MAP kinases.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular
Comparison of expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 and CYP1A1 in dominant and recessive aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase-deficient mutant mouse hepatoma cells.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular
Promyelocytic leukemia protein induces arsenic trioxide resistance through regulation of aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family member A1 in hepatocellular carcinoma.
Fanconi Anemia
Molecular Portrait of Metastasis-Competent Circulating Tumor Cells in Colon Cancer Reveals the Crucial Role of Genes Regulating Energy Metabolism and DNA Repair.
Leukemia
Promyelocytic leukemia protein induces arsenic trioxide resistance through regulation of aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family member A1 in hepatocellular carcinoma.
Neoplasms
Antisense oligonucleotides against aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 inhibit hepatoma cell proliferation by affecting MAP kinases.
Neoplasms
Synergetic Bitherapy in Mice with Xenografts of Human Prostate Cancer Using a Methional Mimic (METLICO) and an Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 3 Inhibitor (MATE): Systemic Intraperitoneal (IP) and Targeted Intra-Tumoral (IT) Administration.
Pancreatic Neoplasms
Silencing of NRF2 Reduces the Expression of ALDH1A1 and ALDH3A1 and Sensitizes to 5-FU in Pancreatic Cancer Cells.
Prostatic Neoplasms
Synergetic Bitherapy in Mice with Xenografts of Human Prostate Cancer Using a Methional Mimic (METLICO) and an Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 3 Inhibitor (MATE): Systemic Intraperitoneal (IP) and Targeted Intra-Tumoral (IT) Administration.
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KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
7.08
-
recombinant AaALDH3-1-PB with farnesal and NADP+ as substrate, pH 9.5 and 37°C
7.13
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recombinant AaALDH3-1-PC with farnesal and NADP+ as substrate, pH 9.5 and 37°C
additional information
-
no activity of AaALDH3-1-PA with decanal, no activity of AaALDH3-1-PA, AaALDH3-1-PD, and AaALDH3-2 with NADP+
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pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
9.5
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TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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TEMPERATURE RANGE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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pI VALUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
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SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
SOURCE
additional information
AaALDH3 enzyme activity, as well as the concentrations of farnesol, farnesal and farnesoic acid are different in corporae allatae of sugar and blood-fed females
brenda
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AaALDH3 enzyme activity, as well as the concentrations of farnesol, farnesal and farnesoic acid are different in corporae allatae of sugar and blood-fed females
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brenda
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presents the five transcripts, with their relative proportions changing during development
brenda
-
presents the five transcripts, with their relative proportions changing during development
-
brenda
-
AaALDH3-1-RB transcript abundance, quantified by qPCR
brenda
-
AaALDH3-1-RB transcript abundance, quantified by qPCR
-
brenda
-
AaALDH3-1-RD transcript abundance, quantified by qPCR
-
brenda
additional information
-
AaALDH3-2 gene has comparatively lower levels of transcript
brenda
additional information
the enzyme shows tissue and developmental-stage-specific splice variants
brenda
additional information
the enzyme shows tissue and developmental-stage-specific splice variants
brenda
additional information
the enzyme shows tissue and developmental-stage-specific splice variants
brenda
additional information
the enzyme shows tissue and developmental-stage-specific splice variants, determination of transcript abundance for the AaALDH3 genes quantified by quantitative PCR
brenda
additional information
the enzyme shows tissue and developmental-stage-specific splice variants, determination of transcript abundance for the AaALDH3 genes quantified by quantitative PCR
brenda
additional information
the enzyme shows tissue and developmental-stage-specific splice variants, determination of transcript abundance for the AaALDH3 genes quantified by quantitative PCR
brenda
additional information
the enzyme shows tissue and developmental-stage-specific splice variants, determination of transcript abundance for the AaALDH3 genes, including the splice variants (RA, RB, RC and RD), quantified by quantitative PCR
brenda
additional information
the enzyme shows tissue and developmental-stage-specific splice variants, determination of transcript abundance for the AaALDH3 genes, including the splice variants (RA, RB, RC and RD), quantified by quantitative PCR
brenda
additional information
the enzyme shows tissue and developmental-stage-specific splice variants, determination of transcript abundance for the AaALDH3 genes, including the splice variants (RA, RB, RC and RD), quantified by quantitative PCR
brenda
additional information
-
AaALDH3-2 gene has comparatively lower levels of transcript
-
brenda
additional information
-
the enzyme shows tissue and developmental-stage-specific splice variants, determination of transcript abundance for the AaALDH3 genes, including the splice variants (RA, RB, RC and RD), quantified by quantitative PCR
-
brenda
additional information
-
the enzyme shows tissue and developmental-stage-specific splice variants
-
brenda
additional information
-
the enzyme shows tissue and developmental-stage-specific splice variants, determination of transcript abundance for the AaALDH3 genes quantified by quantitative PCR
-
brenda
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LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
additional information
-
the enzyme is found in all fractions of the cell
-
brenda
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GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
evolution
malfunction
metabolism
physiological function
evolution
the enzyme is a member of the NAD+-dependent class 3 ALDH family of the aldehyde dehydrogenase superfamily
evolution
-
the enzyme is a member of the NAD+-dependent class 3 ALDH family of the aldehyde dehydrogenase superfamily
-
malfunction
reduction of AaALDH3 activity results in accumulation of farnesal and conversion back to farnesol that leaks outside the corpora allata
malfunction
-
reduction of AaALDH3 activity results in accumulation of farnesal and conversion back to farnesol that leaks outside the corpora allata
-
metabolism
-
in the juvenile hormone JH III biosynthesis in insects, the alcohol farnesol, generated by the removal of diphosphate from farnesyl diphosphate, undergoes oxidation to the aldehyde (farnesal) and then to the acid (farnesoic acid). These steps are catalyzed by one or two NAD+-dependent dehydrogenase(s), JH III biosynthesis pathway, overview
metabolism
the enzyme is a biosynthetic enzyme of the juvenile hormone JH pathway
metabolism
-
the enzyme is a biosynthetic enzyme of the juvenile hormone JH pathway
-
physiological function
-
results suggest that in the female Dengue mosquito Aedes aegypti, AaALDH3 enzyme plays a critical role in the regulation of juvenile hormone biosynthesis after blood feeding
physiological function
-
the enzyme plays a key role in the regulation of juvenile hormone synthesis in blood-fed mosquito females
physiological function
the enzyme is a fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase (AaALDH3), NAD+-dependent class 3 ALDH, that oxidizes farnesal into farnesoic acid in the corpora allata of mosquitoes. In corporae allatae of blood-fed females, the low catalytic activity of AaALDH3 limits the flux of precursors and causes a remarkable increase in the pool of farnesal with a decrease in farnesoic acid and juvenile hormone synthesis. The accumulation of the potentially toxic farnesal stimulates the activity of a reductase that converts farnesal back into farnesol, resulting in farnesol leaking out of the corpora allata. Enzyme AaALDH3 plays a key role in the regulation of juvenile hormone synthesis in blood-fed females and mosquitoes seem to have developed a trade-off system to balance the key role of farnesal as a juvenile hormone precursor with its potential toxicity
physiological function
-
results suggest that in the female Dengue mosquito Aedes aegypti, AaALDH3 enzyme plays a critical role in the regulation of juvenile hormone biosynthesis after blood feeding
-
physiological function
-
the enzyme plays a key role in the regulation of juvenile hormone synthesis in blood-fed mosquito females
-
physiological function
-
the enzyme is a fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase (AaALDH3), NAD+-dependent class 3 ALDH, that oxidizes farnesal into farnesoic acid in the corpora allata of mosquitoes. In corporae allatae of blood-fed females, the low catalytic activity of AaALDH3 limits the flux of precursors and causes a remarkable increase in the pool of farnesal with a decrease in farnesoic acid and juvenile hormone synthesis. The accumulation of the potentially toxic farnesal stimulates the activity of a reductase that converts farnesal back into farnesol, resulting in farnesol leaking out of the corpora allata. Enzyme AaALDH3 plays a key role in the regulation of juvenile hormone synthesis in blood-fed females and mosquitoes seem to have developed a trade-off system to balance the key role of farnesal as a juvenile hormone precursor with its potential toxicity
-
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UNIPROT
ENTRY NAME
ORGANISM
NO. OF AA
NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]
SOURCE
SEQUENCE
LOCALIZATION PREDICTION
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable).
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable). AL3A2_HUMAN
485
1
54848
Swiss-Prot
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 1)
AL3A2_MACFA
485
2
54628
Swiss-Prot
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 1)
AL3A2_MOUSE
484
1
53971
Swiss-Prot
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 1)
AL3A2_PONAB
485
1
54866
Swiss-Prot
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 1)
AL3A2_RAT
484
1
54082
Swiss-Prot
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 1)
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MOLECULAR WEIGHT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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SUBUNIT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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PROTEIN VARIANTS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
additional information
additional information
specific target sequences for dsRNA synthesis are designed for each splice variant of AaALDH3-1 by selecting regions in the splice variant-specific exons. dsRNA for AaALDH3-2 as well as dsRNA against a common region to all splice variants of AaALDH3-1 (AaALDH3-1-RA, AaALDH3-1-RB, AaALDH3-1-RC, AaALDH3-1-RD) are also designed. Specificity and efficiency of AaALDH3-1 dsRNAi, specificity of silencing the AaALDH3-1-RC variant, only AaALDH3-1-RC transcripts are depleted
additional information
specific target sequences for dsRNA synthesis are designed for each splice variant of AaALDH3-1 by selecting regions in the splice variant-specific exons. dsRNA for AaALDH3-2 as well as dsRNA against a common region to all splice variants of AaALDH3-1 (AaALDH3-1-RA, AaALDH3-1-RB, AaALDH3-1-RC, AaALDH3-1-RD) are also designed. Specificity and efficiency of AaALDH3-1 dsRNAi, specificity of silencing the AaALDH3-1-RC variant, only AaALDH3-1-RC transcripts are depleted
additional information
specific target sequences for dsRNA synthesis are designed for each splice variant of AaALDH3-1 by selecting regions in the splice variant-specific exons. dsRNA for AaALDH3-2 as well as dsRNA against a common region to all splice variants of AaALDH3-1 (AaALDH3-1-RA, AaALDH3-1-RB, AaALDH3-1-RC, AaALDH3-1-RD) are also designed. Specificity and efficiency of AaALDH3-1 dsRNAi, specificity of silencing the AaALDH3-1-RC variant, only AaALDH3-1-RC transcripts are depleted
additional information
target sequences for dsRNA synthesis are designed for each splice variant of AaALDH3-1 by selecting regions in the splice variant-specific exons. dsRNA for AaALDH3-2 as well as dsRNA against a common region to all splice variants of AaALDH3-1 (AaALDH3-1-RA, AaALDH3-1-RB, AaALDH3-1-RC, AaALDH3-1-RD) are also designed
additional information
target sequences for dsRNA synthesis are designed for each splice variant of AaALDH3-1 by selecting regions in the splice variant-specific exons. dsRNA for AaALDH3-2 as well as dsRNA against a common region to all splice variants of AaALDH3-1 (AaALDH3-1-RA, AaALDH3-1-RB, AaALDH3-1-RC, AaALDH3-1-RD) are also designed
additional information
target sequences for dsRNA synthesis are designed for each splice variant of AaALDH3-1 by selecting regions in the splice variant-specific exons. dsRNA for AaALDH3-2 as well as dsRNA against a common region to all splice variants of AaALDH3-1 (AaALDH3-1-RA, AaALDH3-1-RB, AaALDH3-1-RC, AaALDH3-1-RD) are also designed
additional information
-
specific target sequences for dsRNA synthesis are designed for each splice variant of AaALDH3-1 by selecting regions in the splice variant-specific exons. dsRNA for AaALDH3-2 as well as dsRNA against a common region to all splice variants of AaALDH3-1 (AaALDH3-1-RA, AaALDH3-1-RB, AaALDH3-1-RC, AaALDH3-1-RD) are also designed. Specificity and efficiency of AaALDH3-1 dsRNAi, specificity of silencing the AaALDH3-1-RC variant, only AaALDH3-1-RC transcripts are depleted
-
additional information
-
target sequences for dsRNA synthesis are designed for each splice variant of AaALDH3-1 by selecting regions in the splice variant-specific exons. dsRNA for AaALDH3-2 as well as dsRNA against a common region to all splice variants of AaALDH3-1 (AaALDH3-1-RA, AaALDH3-1-RB, AaALDH3-1-RC, AaALDH3-1-RD) are also designed
-
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ORGANIC SOLVENT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
hexane
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PURIFICATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
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CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
five recombinant His-tagged AaALDH3s, representing AaALDH3-2 and the 4 splice variants of AaALDH3-1, PA, PB, PC, PD, overexpressed in Escherichia coli
-
gene AaALDH3-1, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, phylogenetic analysis, the enzyme shows tissue and developmental-stage-specific splice variants, four splice variants of AaALDH3-1 (PA, PB, PC and PD), recombinant expression of His-tagged enzyme in Escherichia coli, quantitative real-time PCR enzyme expression analysis
gene AaALDH3-2, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, phylogenetic analysis, the enzyme shows tissue and developmental-stage-specific splice variants
gene AaALDH3-2, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, phylogenetic analysis, the enzyme shows tissue and developmental-stage-specific splice variants, determination of transcript abundance for the AaALDH3 genes quantified by quantitative PCR
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EXPRESSION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
in the presence of an excess of farnesal and NAD+, highly active glands produces 10 times more farnesoic acid than suppressed glands, 24 h after blood feeding
injection of dsRNAs resulted in a approx. 80% significant reduction of AaALDH3-1 and AaALDH3-2 mRNAs, treatment with dsRNA for the AaALDH3-1 gene results in stronger reductions of farnesoic acid and juvenile hormone than treatment with dsRNA for the AaALDH3-2 gene
in the presence of an excess of farnesal and NAD+, highly active glands produces 10 times more farnesoic acid than suppressed glands, 24 h after blood feeding
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in the presence of an excess of farnesal and NAD+, highly active glands produces 10 times more farnesoic acid than suppressed glands, 24 h after blood feeding
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injection of dsRNAs resulted in a approx. 80% significant reduction of AaALDH3-1 and AaALDH3-2 mRNAs, treatment with dsRNA for the AaALDH3-1 gene results in stronger reductions of farnesoic acid and juvenile hormone than treatment with dsRNA for the AaALDH3-2 gene
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injection of dsRNAs resulted in a approx. 80% significant reduction of AaALDH3-1 and AaALDH3-2 mRNAs, treatment with dsRNA for the AaALDH3-1 gene results in stronger reductions of farnesoic acid and juvenile hormone than treatment with dsRNA for the AaALDH3-2 gene
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